{"results":[{"id":"arxiv_2603.04439","title":"Settlement percolation: global maps of Critical Distances","authors":[{"name":"Martin Schorcht"},{"name":"Martin Behnisch"},{"name":"Larissa T. Beumer"},{"name":"Anna-Katharina Brenner"},{"name":"Renan L. Fagundes"},{"name":"Tobias Krüger"},{"name":"Thomas Müller"},{"name":"Wenjing Xu"},{"name":"Diego Rybski"}],"abstract":"A substantial share of the Earth's land surface is managed by humans, with cities representing the most extreme form of anthropogenic land use. There are zillion ways in which settlements can be arranged across a given area, and their specific spatial configuration has important consequences for both urban systems and the natural environment. Here, we introduce a novel approach to characterizing settlement configuration by systematically quantifying it in terms of a transition resembling percolation -- that is, by identifying the critical distance at which isolated settlements merge into a giant, overarching settlement cluster. We estimate this critical distance across multiple spatial scales and units, including national and subnational levels, non-overlapping tiles, and moving windows, covering the entire globe. The critical distance provides an independent measure of settlement connectivity and thus adds value to spatial analyses of settlement structure and its social, economic, and ecological impacts. Accordingly, our Global Settlement Percolation (GSP) dataset is relevant to a wide range of research communities, including those studying urban morphology, land-use patterns, and landscape ecology.","source":"arXiv","year":2026,"language":"en","subjects":["physics.soc-ph","physics.data-an"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.04439","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.04439","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2026-02-20T16:10:52Z","score":70},{"id":"doaj_https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2025-13-3.523-542","title":"Basqaq, daruga, shihne: the problem of correlation. Pt. 1: The institution of shihne and its evolution","authors":[{"name":"Mustakimov I.A."},{"name":"Abzalov L.F."},{"name":"Gatin M.S."},{"name":"Pochekaev R.Yu."}],"abstract":"Research objectives: To characterize the legal status of a basqaq, daruga and shihne in the Turkic-Mongol states during the epoch of the Mongol Empire and its uluses, as well as to prove of the authentication of these offices. Authors intend to clarify the basic rights and obligations of these officers and their position in the administrative structure on a base of legal monuments, official acts, chronicles, and historical works. The first part of the article is an analysis of shihne institution.\r\nMaterials and methods of research: The basic materials are historical sources including decrees of rulers, historical chronicles and political treatises as well as results of previous researches. Authors use structure functional analysis historical legal method, comparative historical and comparative legal approach, institutional analysis, critical analysis of sources and researches.\r\nScientific novelty: It is the first attempt at research of problem of correlation of the terms “basqaq” and “daruga” and as well as their Persian analogue “shihne” on a base of legal acts on the appointment for these office. Also, it is the first Russian translation of three yarlyks on the appointment of shihne from the “Dastur al-katib fi ta‘yin al-maratib” by Muhammad b. Hindushah Nakhchivani, which are studied using an interdisciplinary approach.\r\nResults of the research: The authors find that shihne was a special officer who represented the interests of the ruler (sultan, khan, ilkhan) in the certain region. His functions included providing stability for the region while ensuring the loyalty of its population using different ways including forced and procedural methods. This office could function at the different levels of administrations – from the region (vilayet, ulus) to smaller settlements. The second, forthcoming part of the article will be devoted to the comparative analysis of the status of shihne with that of basqaq and daruga and the evolution of these offices in the Turkic-Mongol states.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Auxiliary sciences of history","History of Civilization"],"doi":"https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2025-13-3.523-542","url":"https://goldhorde.ru/en/stati2025-3-4/","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.5194/nhess-25-3779-2025","title":"Assessing economic impacts of future GLOFs in Nepal's Everest region under different SSP scenarios using three-dimensional simulations","authors":[{"name":"W. Furian"},{"name":"T. Sauter"}],"abstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study investigates simulated glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) at five glacial lakes in the Everest region of Nepal using the three-dimensional model OpenFOAM. It presents the evolution of GLOF characteristics in the 21st century considering different moraine breach scenarios and two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways scenarios. The results demonstrate that in low-magnitude scenarios, the five lakes generate GLOFs that inundate between 0.35 and 2.23 km\u003cspan class=\"inline-formula\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e of agricultural land with an average water depth of 0.9 to 3.58 m. These GLOFs reach distances of 59 to 84 km, affect 30 to 88 km of roads or trails, and inundate 183 to 1699 buildings with 1.2 to 4.9 m of water. In higher scenarios, GLOFs can extend over 100 km and also affect larger settlements in the foothills. Between 80 and 100 km of roads, 735 to 1989 houses and 0.85 to 3.52 km\u003cspan class=\"inline-formula\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e of agricultural land could be inundated, with average water depths of up to 10 m. The high precision of the 3D flood modeling, with detailed simulations of turbulence and viscosity, provides valuable insights into 21st-century GLOF evolution, supporting more accurate risk assessments and effective adaptation strategies.\u003c/p\u003e","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering","Geography. Anthropology. Recreation","Environmental sciences","Geology"],"doi":"10.5194/nhess-25-3779-2025","url":"https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/25/3779/2025/nhess-25-3779-2025.pdf","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.1016/j.resglo.2025.100299","title":"Uncertainty and participation in global and regional value chains in Africa","authors":[{"name":"Françoise Okah Efogo"},{"name":"Paul Awoa Awoa"}],"abstract":"This article focuses on the challenges that uncertainty poses to countries in global and regional value chains. In this perspective, it focuses specifically on African countries and enriches the results with a comparative approach. Indeed, using a gravity model for 49 African countries and all their trading partners from 1990 to 2019, the paper proposes a comparative analysis of the effects of uncertainty on global trade in value chains and on trade in value chains within Africa. The robustness of the results shows that domestic uncertainty can drive the expansion of intra-African trade in value chains, while uncertainty in the partner country hinders the flourishing of trade relationships within a value chain.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Cities. Urban geography","Urbanization. City and country"],"doi":"10.1016/j.resglo.2025.100299","url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590051X25000322","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.25195/ijci.v50i1.481","title":"Blockchain Metamorphosis: Transforming Traditional Finance through Decentralization  and Transparency","authors":[{"name":"Mays Moneer Abd Ali"},{"name":"Bashar M. Nema"}],"abstract":"This study investigates how decentralization and transparency offered by blockchain technology could revolutionize traditional finance. Even with the rise of well-known cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, a general understanding of blockchain’s influence on the financial industry is still lacking. We identified five major application cases—transparent credit scoring, effective consumer identification, expedited insurance settlements, improved cybersecurity, and the emergence of decentralized finance—where blockchain technology is well positioned to tackle persistent issues. We show how blockchain technology may address problems such as opaque credit scoring, poor customer identity, convoluted insurance settlement procedures, and susceptibility to cyberattacks by thoroughly examining various use cases. According to our research, a greater number of traditional financial institutions need to embrace and integrate blockchain innovations into their functions to promote inclusivity, transparency, and decentralization.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Technology"],"doi":"10.25195/ijci.v50i1.481","url":"https://ijci.uoitc.edu.iq/index.php/ijci/article/view/481","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.1007/s44285-024-00021-4","title":"A rapid fingerprint positioning method based on deep convolutional neural network for MIMO-OFDM systems","authors":[{"name":"Chenlin He"},{"name":"Xiaojun Wang"},{"name":"Jiyu Jiao"},{"name":"Yuhua Huang"},{"name":"Chengpei Han"},{"name":"Yizhuo Zhang"},{"name":"Jianping Zhu"}],"abstract":"Abstract The combination of fingerprint positioning and 5G (the 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology) offers broader application prospects for indoor positioning technology, but also brings challenges in real-time performance. In this paper, we propose a fingerprint positioning method based on a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) using a classification approach in a single-base station scenario for massive multiple input multiple output-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems. We introduce an angle-delay domain fingerprint matrix that simplifies the computation process and increases the location differentiation. The cosine distance is chosen as the fingerprint similarity criterion due to its sensitivity to angular differences. First, the DCNN model is used to determine the sub-area to which the mobile terminal belongs, and then the weighted K-nearest neighbor (WKNN) matching algorithm is used to estimate the position within the sub-area. The positioning performance is simulated in a DeepMIMO indoor environment, showing that the classification DCNN method reduces the positioning time by 77.05% compared to the non-classification method, with only a 1.08% increase in average positioning error.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Cities. Urban geography","Technology"],"doi":"10.1007/s44285-024-00021-4","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44285-024-00021-4","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"arxiv_2306.04149","title":"Hyperuniform organization in human settlements","authors":[{"name":"Lei Dong"}],"abstract":"Quantifying the spatial organization of human settlements is fundamental to understanding the complexity of urban systems. However, the quantitative patterns of the distribution of villages, towns, and cities that lie between random and regular, are still largely unknown. Here, by analyzing the geographic location of settlements in diverse regions, we show that the apparently complex urban systems can be characterized by disordered hyperuniformity (with small density fluctuations), an intriguing pattern that has been identified in many physical and biological systems, but has rarely been documented in socio-economic systems. By introducing the mechanisms of spatial matching and competition, we develop a growth model that shows how settlements evolve towards hyperuniformity. Our model also predicts the heavy-tail population distribution across settlements, in agreement with empirical observations. These results provide insights into the self-organization of cities, and reveal the universality of spatial organization shared by social, physical, and biological systems.","source":"arXiv","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["physics.soc-ph"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.04149","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.04149","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2023-06-07T04:54:36Z","score":67},{"id":"arxiv_2305.19514","title":"Efficiency-Improved Inter-Rollup Transfer System Leveraging Batch Settlement Methods","authors":[{"name":"Hyun Jeong"},{"name":"Hyemin Lee"}],"abstract":"As the significance of blockchain innovation grows and the focus on scalability intensifies, rollup technology has emerged as a promising approach to tackle these scalability concerns. Nonetheless, rollups encounter restrictions when interacting with other rollups, leading to diminished throughput, increased latency, higher fees, and a complex user experience in transactions between rollups. In this paper, we put forth a novel system that employs batch settlement techniques to augment the efficiency of transfers between rollups. Our proposed system comprises a settlement rollup responsible for batch settling transfers among rollups and a smart contract structure that carries out the settlements. Notably, we utilize a zero-knowledge proof algorithm to guarantee the computational integrity of the settlement rollup while ensuring security through Ethereum smart contracts for proof verification and settlement execution. By implementing this approach, the proposed system can effectively and securely execute asset transfers between rollups, ultimately improving their scalability and usability. Consequently, our research provides a fresh perspective on resolving the challenges of throughput, latency, and fees associated with transfer systems.","source":"arXiv","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.CR"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.19514","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.19514","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2023-05-31T02:55:44Z","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.31289/jaur.v6i2.8254","title":"Penataan Permukiman Terdampak Banjir Rob Dengan Penerapan Konsep Rumah Terapung","authors":[{"name":"erislianautarinurfadillah sihombing"},{"name":"Novalinda"},{"name":"Faurantina Forlana Sigit"},{"name":"Rahmadhani Fitri"}],"abstract":"The main impact resulting from sea level rise is the occurrence of high tides which result in tidal flooding to community settlements in Bagan Deli Village. This phenomenon has a negative impact on improving the quality of life indicators in a settlement. Inadequate house shape to prevent tidal flooding and irregular spatial patterns are factors in this research. The purpose of this study is to produce a floating house arrangement design solution which is expected to be a solution for areas affected by tidal flooding. This research method uses a pattern of circulation forms that already exist in Bagan Deli Village and applies the concept of a floating house design with architectural design principles. The results of this study will be published so that it can become a theoretical basis for the community and government in improving the quality of the community environment affected by the tidal flood.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Details in building design and construction. Including walls, roofs","Urban renewal. Urban redevelopment"],"doi":"10.31289/jaur.v6i2.8254","url":"https://ojs.uma.ac.id/index.php/jaur/article/view/8254","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_https://doi.org/10.18004/pdfce/2076-054x/2023.029.56.045.","title":"University extension activities from the perspective of the students of the Universidad del Norte from the Central, Itauguá and Caacupé, Paraguay. 2022","authors":[{"name":"Mirtha Graciela Villagra-Ferreira"},{"name":"María Lourdes Falcó-de Ayala"},{"name":"Patricia Johanna Cabrera"}],"abstract":"The objective of this study was to measure the perception of students in the last year of the Economics and Business careers of the Universidad del Norte, about the activities developed as university extension, based on a survey applied randomly to the students of the Central, Itauguá and Caacupé headquarters, during the first semester of the 2022 school year. The work corresponds to an investigation framed in the quantitative paradigm, of a descriptive, non-experimental and cross-sectional type. In this context, it could be verified that only 23% of the students want to do volunteer work, this is due to the fact that 77% of the students of the last year have a work activity and lack time. Regarding the preferences on the activities offered in the\r\nuniversity extension department, they focus on consulting and social service offered to various communities as support for them, followed by participation and support for courses, seminars and congresses, then participation in general cultural activities and, as a last activity, research and scientific publications. Uninorte students from the three campuses stated that they value the activities offered by the institution and consider them an enriching experience that increases the value of the professional profile, which is a way to grow as future professionals and support some communities.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Economic growth, development, planning","Human settlements. Communities"],"doi":"https://doi.org/10.18004/pdfce/2076-054x/2023.029.56.045.","url":"http://scielo.iics.una.py/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract\u0026pid=S2076-054X2023005600045\u0026lng=es\u0026nrm=iso\u0026tlng=en","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"arxiv_2212.01334","title":"A Mixed-Method Approach to Determining Contact Matrices in the Cox's Bazar Refugee Settlement","authors":[{"name":"Joseph Walker"},{"name":"Joseph Aylett-Bullock"},{"name":"Difu Shi"},{"name":"Allen Gidraf Kahindo Maina"},{"name":"Egmond Samir Evers"},{"name":"Sandra Harlass"},{"name":"Frank Krauss"}],"abstract":"Contact matrices are an important ingredient in age-structured epidemic models to inform the simulated spread of the disease between sub-groups of the population. These matrices are generally derived using resource-intensive diary-based surveys and few exist in the Global South or tailored to vulnerable populations. In particular, no contact matrices exist for refugee settlements - locations under-served by epidemic models in general. In this paper we present a novel, mixed-method approach, for deriving contact matrices in populations which combines a lightweight, rapidly deployable, survey with an agent-based model of the population informed by census and behavioural data. We use this method to derive the first set of contact matrices for the Cox's Bazar refugee settlement in Bangladesh. The matrices from the refugee settlement show strong banding effects due to different age cut-offs in attendance at certain venues, such as distribution centres and religious sites, as well as the important contribution of the demographic profile of the settlement which was encoded in the model. These can have significant implications to the modelled disease dynamics. To validate our approach, we also apply our method to the population of the UK and compare our derived matrices against well-known contact matrices previously collected using traditional approaches. Overall, our findings demonstrate that our mixed-method approach can address some of the challenges of both the traditional and previously proposed agent-based approaches to deriving contact matrices, and has the potential to be rolled-out in other resource-constrained environments. This work therefore contributes to a broader aim of developing new methods and mechanisms of data collection for modelling disease spread in refugee and IDP settlements and better serving these vulnerable communities.","source":"arXiv","year":2022,"language":"en","subjects":["physics.soc-ph","cs.CY","cs.MA","cs.SI","q-bio.PE"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.01334","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2212.01334","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2022-11-22T21:53:33Z","score":66},{"id":"doaj_10.21776/ub.ruas.2022.020.02.8","title":"Strategi Pengembangan Kampung Topeng Malang  sebagai Kampung Wisata Budaya","authors":[{"name":"Magvira Ardhia Pratiwi"},{"name":"Novi Sunu Sri Giriwati"},{"name":"Yusfan Adeputera Yusran"},{"name":"Herry Santosa"}],"abstract":"The Desaku Menanti Program is a government program that is relocating the homeless to a new village as a tourist destination, one of the results of the program is the Mask Tourism Village. The potential of Malangan Mask cultural characteristics to be the main attraction of this tour was able to attract many visitors at the beginning of its inauguration. But it didn't last long, now the village is deserted and no one even comes. This research will examine how the strategy of developing Kampung Mask as a cultural tourism village. The method used is a mix-method, namely a qualitative method with SWOT and a quantitative method with an analysis of tourist needs preferences for cultural tourism villages with questionnaire. The results of the study indicate that this village needs to dig deeper into the concept of culture, improve the quality of its facilities, and also have a well-managed tourism management with community participation. Based on the analysis of tourist preferences, it was found that if it was necessary to add facilities and other cultural attractions, 49% of respondents chose the visual characteristics of settlements with traditional buildings and accommodation was villas in nature.","source":"DOAJ","year":2022,"language":"","subjects":["Technology","Architectural engineering. Structural engineering of buildings"],"doi":"10.21776/ub.ruas.2022.020.02.8","url":"https://ruas.ub.ac.id/index.php/ruas/article/view/2071","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66},{"id":"doaj_10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00154","title":"The impact of globalization and climate change on Trichinella spp. epidemiology","authors":[{"name":"Edoardo Pozio"}],"abstract":"The main reservoir hosts of nematodes of the genus Trichinella are wild carnivores, although most human infections are caused by the consumption of pork. This group of zoonotic parasites completes the entire natural life cycle within the host organism. However, there is an important phase of the cycle that has only been highlighted in recent years and which concerns the permanence of the infecting larvae in the striated muscles of the host carcasses waiting to be ingested by a new host. To survive in this unique biological niche, Trichinella spp. larvae have developed an anaerobic metabolism for their survival in rotting carcasses and, for some species, a resistance to freezing for months or years in cold regions. Climate changes with increasingly temperatures and reduction of environmental humidity lower the survival time of larvae in host carcasses. In addition, environmental changes affect the biology and ecology of the main host species, reducing their number and age composition due to natural habitat fragmentation caused by increasing human settlements, extensive monocultures, increasing number of food animals, and reduction of trophic chains and biodiversity. All of these factors lead to a reduction in biological and environmental complexity that is the key to the natural host-parasite balance. In conclusion, Trichinella nematodes can be considered as an indicator of a health natural ecosystem.","source":"DOAJ","year":2022,"language":"","subjects":["Infectious and parasitic diseases"],"doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00154","url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405676622000117","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66},{"id":"arxiv_2105.03235","title":"Favelas 4D: Scalable methods for morphology analysis of informal settlements using terrestrial laser scanning data","authors":[{"name":"Arianna Salazar Miranda"},{"name":"Guangyu Du"},{"name":"Claire Gorman"},{"name":"Fabio Duarte"},{"name":"Washington Fajardo"},{"name":"Carlo Ratti"}],"abstract":"One billion people live in informal settlements worldwide. The complex and multilayered spaces that characterize this unplanned form of urbanization pose a challenge to traditional approaches to mapping and morphological analysis. This study proposes a methodology to study the morphological properties of informal settlements based on terrestrial LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data collected in Rocinha, the largest favela in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Our analysis operates at two resolutions, including a \\emph{global} analysis focused on comparing different streets of the favela to one another, and a \\emph{local} analysis unpacking the variation of morphological metrics within streets. We show that our methodology reveals meaningful differences and commonalities both in terms of the global morphological characteristics across streets and their local distributions. Finally, we create morphological maps at high spatial resolution from LiDAR data, which can inform urban planning assessments of concerns related to crowding, structural safety, air quality, and accessibility in the favela. The methods for this study are automated and can be easily scaled to analyze entire informal settlements, leveraging the increasing availability of inexpensive LiDAR scanners on portable devices such as cellphones.","source":"arXiv","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.CV"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.03235","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.03235","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2021-04-23T15:32:59Z","score":65},{"id":"doaj_10.52468/2542-1514.2021.5(1).96-107","title":"Improvement of the external municipal financial control system in the context of public authority reform","authors":[{"name":"S. M. Mironova"},{"name":"A. I. Mordvintsev"},{"name":"I. A. Eremenko"}],"abstract":"The subject. The implementation of external municipal financial control cannot be called fully competent in Russia. Many practical problems are currently being addressed mainly through the transfer of powers to implement external financial control to a higher level. Amendment to Art. 131–133 of the Russian Federation's Constitution in terms of clarifying the powers of local self-government and incorporating it into public authority, predetermines subsequent amendments to the legislation on local self-government, which can be aimed, among other things, at improving the system of external municipal financial control. The aim of the article is to confirm or disprove the following hypothesis. The reform of public authority will lead to a change in the system of external municipal financial control. Therefore it is possible to propose ways to improve the activities of municipal auditing and accounting authorities on the basis of constitutional novels and the analysis of the existing problems of implementing external municipal financial control. The methodology. The authors apply general scientific methods of comparative, logical and statistical research. The study is based on the analysis of academic literature, statistical data about the practice of the auditing and accounting bodies of municipalities. Russian judicial practice is also analyzed. The main results, scope of application. The organization of a modern system of external municipal financial control shows that it actually works only at the level of urban districts and municipal regions, and that is not always effective. Municipal control and accounting bodies are not created in settlements and the authority to exercise external financial control is transferred either to the level of the municipal district or to the level of the region of the Russian Federation. Conclusion. The municipal auditing and accounting body should retain the authority to exercise control without transferring it to the level of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. However, at the same time, its role should be strengthened by increasing its status (for example, fixing at the federal level the criteria for the number of employees of the control and accounting body, financial support guarantees).","source":"DOAJ","year":2021,"language":"","subjects":["Law"],"doi":"10.52468/2542-1514.2021.5(1).96-107","url":"https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/438","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65},{"id":"doaj_10.22481/rg.v5i2.2021.e7972","title":"A biopolítica espacial de negação do ser político: estranhamento espacialmente construído e desumanização espacialmente forjada no Morro da Providência-RJ","authors":[{"name":"Felipe Rangel Tavares"}],"abstract":"\nApreendemos a metropolização do espaço enquanto processo socioespacial biopolítico. A partir da análise das remoções ocorridas no Morro da Providência-RJ, no âmbito da Operação Urbana Consorciada da Região Portuária do Rio de Janeiro e do Programa Morar Carioca, objetivamos analisar a espacialidade biopolítica na metrópole contemporânea. Após relacionar o processo de metropolização às relações de poder que inscrevem a biopolítica no espaço, buscamos um diálogo entre Michel Foucault e Henri Lefebvre, em torno dos conceitos de “meio” e “espaço instrumental”. Propomos a tríade analítica inscrição-prescrição-ordenação para examinar os projetos e intervenções urbanas que promovem o “estranhamento espacialmente construído” e a “desumanização espacialmente forjada”, processos espaciais que esvaziam a substância política que constitui o ser social.\n","source":"DOAJ","year":2021,"language":"","subjects":["Geography (General)","Cities. Urban geography","Social Sciences"],"doi":"10.22481/rg.v5i2.2021.e7972","url":"https://periodicos2.uesb.br/index.php/geo/article/view/7972","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65},{"id":"arxiv_2006.06584","title":"The agglomeration and dispersion dichotomy of human settlements on Earth","authors":[{"name":"Emanuele Strano"},{"name":"Filippo Simini"},{"name":"Marco De Nadai"},{"name":"Thomas Esch"},{"name":"Mattia Marconcini"}],"abstract":"Human settlements on Earth are scattered in a multitude of shapes, sizes and spatial arrangements. These patterns are often not random but a result of complex geographical, cultural, economic and historical processes that have profound human and ecological impacts. However, little is known about the global distribution of these patterns and the spatial forces that creates them. This study analyses human settlements from high-resolution satellite imagery and provides a global classification of spatial patterns. We find two emerging classes, namely agglomeration and dispersion. In the former, settlements are fewer than expected based on the predictions of scaling theory, while an unexpectedly high number of settlements characterizes the latter. Our global classification of spatial patterns correlates with some urban outcomes, such as the amount of CO2 emitted for transportation, providing insights into the relationship between land use patterns and socio-economic and environmental indicators. To explain the observed spatial patterns, we also propose a model that combines two agglomeration forces and simulates human settlements' historical growth. Our results show that our model accurately matches the observed global classification (F1: 0.73), helps to understand and estimate the growth of human settlements and, in turn, the distribution and physical dynamics of all human settlements on Earth, from small villages to cities.","source":"arXiv","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":["physics.soc-ph"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.06584","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.06584","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2020-06-11T16:34:51Z","score":64},{"id":"arxiv_2004.02241","title":"Shielded dumbbell L5 settlement","authors":[{"name":"Pekka Janhunen"}],"abstract":"We present a two-sphere dumbbell configuration of a rotating settlement at Earth-Moon L5. The two-sphere configuration is chosen to minimize the radiation shielding mass which dominates the mass budget. The settlement has max 20 mSv/year radiation conditions and 1 g artificial gravity. If made for 200 people, it weighs 89000 tonnes and provides 60 m$^2$ of floorspace per person. The radiation shield is made of asteroid rock, augmented by a water layer with 2 % of the mass for neutron moderation, and a thin boron-10 layer for capturing the thermalized neutrons. We analyze the propulsion options for moving the material from asteroids to L5. The FFC Cambridge process can be used to extract oxygen from asteroid regolith. The oxygen is then used as Electric Propulsion propellant. One can also find a water-bearing asteroid and use water for the same purpose. If one wants to avoid propellant extraction, one can use a fleet of electric sails. The settlers fund their project by producing and selling new settlements by zero-delay teleoperation in the nearby robotic factory which they own. The economic case looks promising if LEO launch costs drop below $\\sim$ \\$300/kg.","source":"arXiv","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":["physics.pop-ph"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.02241","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.02241","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2020-04-05T16:01:14Z","score":64},{"id":"arxiv_2008.13583","title":"Mapping New Informal Settlements using Machine Learning and Time Series Satellite Images: An Application in the Venezuelan Migration Crisis","authors":[{"name":"Isabelle Tingzon"},{"name":"Niccolo Dejito"},{"name":"Ren Avell Flores"},{"name":"Rodolfo De Guzman"},{"name":"Liliana Carvajal"},{"name":"Katerine Zapata Erazo"},{"name":"Ivan Enrique Contreras Cala"},{"name":"Jeffrey Villaveces"},{"name":"Daniela Rubio"},{"name":"Rayid Ghani"}],"abstract":"Since 2014, nearly 2 million Venezuelans have fled to Colombia to escape an economically devastated country during what is one of the largest humanitarian crises in modern history. Non-government organizations and local government units are faced with the challenge of identifying, assessing, and monitoring rapidly growing migrant communities in order to provide urgent humanitarian aid. However, with many of these displaced populations living in informal settlements areas across the country, locating migrant settlements across large territories can be a major challenge. To address this problem, we propose a novel approach for rapidly and cost-effectively locating new and emerging informal settlements using machine learning and publicly accessible Sentinel-2 time-series satellite imagery. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach in identifying potential Venezuelan migrant settlements in Colombia that have emerged between 2015 to 2020. Finally, we emphasize the importance of post-classification verification and present a two-step validation approach consisting of (1) remote validation using Google Earth and (2) on-the-ground validation through the Premise App, a mobile crowdsourcing platform.","source":"arXiv","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.CY"],"doi":"10.1109/AI4G50087.2020.9311041","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.13583","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.13583","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2020-08-27T04:42:45Z","score":64},{"id":"arxiv_2006.14490","title":"Case study: Mapping potential informal settlements areas in Tegucigalpa with machine learning to plan ground survey","authors":[{"name":"Federico Bayle"},{"name":"Damian E. Silvani"}],"abstract":"Data collection through censuses is conducted every 10 years on average in Latin America, making it difficult to monitor the growth and support needed by communities living in these settlements. Conducting a field survey requires logistical resources to be able to do it exhaustively. The increasing availability of open data, high-resolution satellite images, and free software to process them allow us to be able to do so in a scalable way based on the analysis of these sources of information. This case study shows the collaboration between Dymaxion Labs and the NGO Techo to employ machine learning techniques to create the first informal settlements census of Tegucigalpa, Honduras.","source":"arXiv","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.CY","cs.LG"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.14490","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.14490","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2020-06-25T15:38:04Z","score":64}],"total":61116,"page":1,"page_size":20,"sources":["CrossRef","arXiv","DOAJ"],"query":"Settlements"}