{"results":[{"id":"doaj_10.21608/jsst.2025.427031.2131","title":"انتخابات المحليات ما بين النظرية و التطور دراسة تطبيقية على فترة حكم الرئيس حسنى مبارك .","authors":[{"name":"خالد سمير محمد حسن"}],"abstract":"تأتي هذه الدراسة في ظل تصاعد دعوات كثيرة من أجل إصدار قانون جديد لتنظيم الإدارة المحلية في مصر، نظرًا لأن القانون الحالي ( قانون رقم 43 لسنة 1979) لم يعد مواكباً لما جاء بالدستور الجديد ( دستور 2014 ) من صلاحيات جديدة ودعم صريح للامركزية و ترسيخ لديمقراطيتها و تعزيز لصلاحياتها .و تستعرض هذه الدراسة تاريخ الإدارة المحلية في مصر، مع التركيز على انتخابات المجالس المحلية خلال فترة حكم الرئيس الأسبق حسني مبارك ، وهي فترة غنية بالتفاعلات السياسية وشهدت عدة استحقاقات انتخابية محلية وقرارات بشأنها لم تتناولها دراسات سابقة بشكل كافٍ ، وقد استخدمت الدراسة المدخل التاريخي وذلك سعياً لحصر السلبيات والإستفادة منها وكذا الوقوف على مواضع القوة فى تجربة \" إدارة المحليات \" فى مصر بشكلها الحديث ومفهومها المعاصر عبر قرابة قرن كامل من الزمان ، سعيا للوصول إلى نتائج علمية يمكن أن نستقرأ منها توصيات فاعلة فى حالات مماثلة للدول النامية أو حديثة العهد بالتعددية السياسية والحريات والديمقراطية فى إدارة الأقاليم ..","source":"DOAJ","year":2026,"language":"","subjects":["Commerce","Finance","Public finance"],"doi":"10.21608/jsst.2025.427031.2131","url":"https://jsst.journals.ekb.eg/article_457052_5c2da06d6bfb21ccbe332738bc3a2066.pdf","pdf_url":"https://jsst.journals.ekb.eg/article_457052_5c2da06d6bfb21ccbe332738bc3a2066.pdf","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":70},{"id":"arxiv_2603.28669","title":"Superintelligence and Law","authors":[{"name":"Noam Kolt"}],"abstract":"The prospect of artificial superintelligence -- AI agents that can generally outperform humans in cognitive tasks and economically valuable activities -- will transform the legal order as we know it. Operating autonomously or under only limited human oversight, AI agents will assume a growing range of roles in the legal system. First, in making consequential decisions and taking real-world actions, AI agents will become de facto subjects of law. Second, to cooperate and compete with other actors (human or non-human), AI agents will harness conventional legal instruments and institutions such as contracts and courts, becoming consumers of law. Third, to the extent AI agents perform the functions of writing, interpreting, and administering law, they will become producers and enforcers of law. These developments, whenever they ultimately occur, will call into question fundamental assumptions in legal theory and doctrine, especially to the extent they ground the legitimacy of legal institutions in their human origins. Attempts to align AI agents with extant human law will also face new challenges as AI agents will not only be a primary target of law, but a core user of law and contributor to law. To contend with the advent of superintelligence, lawmakers -- new and old -- will need to be clear-eyed, recognizing both the opportunity to shape legal institutions as society braces for superintelligence and the reality that, in the longer run, this may be a joint human-AI endeavor.","source":"arXiv","year":2026,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.CY"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.28669","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.28669","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2026-03-30T16:51:51Z","score":70},{"id":"arxiv_2601.06237","title":"Data-Dependent Goal Modeling for ML-Enabled Law Enforcement Systems","authors":[{"name":"Dalal Alrajeh"},{"name":"Vesna Nowack"},{"name":"Patrick Benjamin"},{"name":"Katie Thomas"},{"name":"William Hobson"},{"name":"Carolina Gutierrez Muñoz"},{"name":"Catherine Hamilton-Giachritsis"},{"name":"Juliane A. Kloess"},{"name":"Jessica Woodhams"},{"name":"Daniel Butler"},{"name":"Mark Law"},{"name":"Ralph Morton"},{"name":"Benjamin Costello"},{"name":"Amy Burrell"},{"name":"Tim Grant"},{"name":"Prachiben Shah"},{"name":"Frances Laureano de Leon"},{"name":"Mark Lee"}],"abstract":"Investigating serious crimes is inherently complex and resource-constrained. Law enforcement agencies (LEAs) grapple with overwhelming volumes of offender and incident data, making effective suspect identification difficult. Although machine learning (ML)-enabled systems have been explored to support LEAs, several have failed in practice. This highlights the need to align system behavior with stakeholder goals early in development, motivating the use of Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering (GORE).   This paper reports our experience applying the GORE framework KAOS to designing an ML-enabled system for identifying suspects in online child sexual abuse. We describe how KAOS supported early requirements elaboration, including goal refinement, object modeling, agent assignment, and operationalization. A key finding is the central role of data elicitation: data requirements constrain refinement choices and candidate agents while influencing how goals are linked, operationalized, and satisfied. Conversely, goal elaboration and agent assignment shape data quality expectations and collection needs.   Our experience highlights the iterative, bidirectional dependencies between goals, data, and ML performance. We contribute a reference model for integrating GORE with data-driven system development, and identify gaps in KAOS, particularly the need for explicit support for data elicitation and quality management. These insights inform future extensions of KAOS and, more broadly, the application of formal GORE methods to ML-enabled systems for high-stakes societal contexts.","source":"arXiv","year":2026,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.CY"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.06237","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2601.06237","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2026-01-09T15:22:02Z","score":70},{"id":"arxiv_2601.17877","title":"Comparative Algorithmic Governance of Public Health Instruments across India, EU, US and LMICs","authors":[{"name":"Sahibpreet Singh"}],"abstract":"The study investigates the juridico-technological architecture of international public health instruments, focusing on their implementation across India, the European Union, the United States and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. It addresses a research lacuna: the insufficient harmonisation between normative health law and algorithmic public health infrastructures in resource-constrained jurisdictions. The principal objective is to assess how artificial intelligence augments implementation of instruments grounded in IHR 2005 and the WHO FCTC while identifying doctrinal and infrastructural bottlenecks. Using comparative doctrinal analysis and legal-normative mapping, the study triangulates legislative instruments, WHO monitoring frameworks, AI systems including BlueDot, Aarogya Setu and EIOS, and compliance metrics. Preliminary results show that AI has improved early detection, surveillance precision and responsiveness in high-capacity jurisdictions, whereas LMICs face infrastructural deficits, data privacy gaps and fragmented legal scaffolding. The findings highlight the relevance of the EU Artificial Intelligence Act and GDPR as regulatory prototypes for health-oriented algorithmic governance and contrast them with embryonic AI integration and limited internet penetration in many LMICs. The study argues for embedding AI within a rights-compliant, supranationally coordinated regulatory framework to secure equitable health outcomes and stronger compliance. It proposes a model for algorithmic treaty-making inspired by FCTC architecture and calls for WHO-led compliance mechanisms modelled on the WTO Dispute Settlement Body to enhance pandemic preparedness, surveillance equity and transnational governance resilience.","source":"arXiv","year":2026,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.CY","cs.AI","cs.LG"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.17877","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2601.17877","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2026-01-25T15:14:18Z","score":70},{"id":"doaj_10.22091/ijicl.2022.7675.1007","title":"Approaches to the Protection of Wildlife in the Ramsar, CITES and Bonn Conventions: A Comparative and Analytical Study","authors":[{"name":"Ali Mashhadi"}],"abstract":"Wild animals need special attention because of their significance from the environmental,ecological, genetic, scientific, recreational, cultural, educational, social and economic points ofview. There are numerous international instruments and documents in the field of internationalwildlife law (IWL). Among them, there are three well-known instruments namely the Ramsar,Bonn, and CITES Conventions. In the present piece, these Conventions are studied comparativelyin order to find out their approaches toward the protection of wildlife. In doing so, the author,first and foremost, provides a brief overview of these Conventions. Thereafter, their approachestoward wildlife protection would be analyzed. The methodological approach of this researchincludes analysis of wildlife protection through descriptive and normative explanation of theRamsar, Bonn, and CITES Conventions. According to the findings of this study, reasonable andwise use of wetlands (the approach of the Ramsar Convention), special attention to migratorybirds (the approach of the Bonn Convention), and the regulation of international wildlifetrade (the approach of CITES) are three main and prevalent approaches in these instruments.Furthermore, it appears that CITES has played a more important and effective role in IWL andprotection of wildlife. It is due to the fact that this Convention has more operative tools and itsState Parties have undertaken more extensive and practical obligations.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Criminal law and procedure"],"doi":"10.22091/ijicl.2022.7675.1007","url":"https://ijicl.qom.ac.ir/article_3776_fd1a915118a0c080184b3e5fb878545f.pdf","pdf_url":"https://ijicl.qom.ac.ir/article_3776_fd1a915118a0c080184b3e5fb878545f.pdf","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_%C3%8Dndice+de+autores","title":"Índice de autores","authors":[{"name":"Revista Digital de Derecho  Administrativo"}],"abstract":"","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Public law"],"url":"https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/Deradm/article/view/10530","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.1136/bmjgh-2024-018333","title":"Regional, subregional and country-level full vaccination coverage in children aged 12–23 months for 34 countries in sub-Saharan Africa: a global analysis using Demographic and Health Survey data","authors":[{"name":"Adama Ouedraogo"},{"name":"Patrice Ngangue"},{"name":"David Jean Simon"},{"name":"Vénunyé Claude Kondo Tokpovi"},{"name":"Comfort Z Olorunsaiye"},{"name":"Kassoum Dianou"},{"name":"Osaretin Christabel Okonji"},{"name":"Ann Kiragu"},{"name":"Emmanuel Juakaly Wayisovia"},{"name":"Habib Tchoubou Foba"},{"name":"Serge Madjou"}],"abstract":"Objective This study estimated the proportion of children aged 12–23 months who were fully vaccinated in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), explored geographical disparities across subregions and countries, and identified country-level factors associated with full vaccination (FV).Design Cross-sectional study.Setting SSA.Participants Children aged 12–23 months.Primary outcome FV.Methods Data for this study were extracted from the most recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted in 34 SSA countries between 2012 and 2023. The study included a total weighted sample of 69 218 children. Univariate analyses were performed to describe the socio-demographic profile of the participants and estimate the proportion of FV and the proportion for each of the eight vaccines (BCG, DTP1, DTP2, DPT3, Polio1, Polio2, Polio3, Measles1) at regional level. Bivariate and spatial analyses were produced to examine existing disparities at regional, subregional and countries’ income levels. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was fitted for identifying country-level factors associated with FV.Results 54.1% (95% CI 53.7% to 54.5%) children aged 12–23 months in SSA were fully vaccinated. In addition, substantial inequalities emerged in FV coverage across countries ranging from 23.9% in Guinea to a high of 95.5% in Rwanda. The same pattern was observed for the eight vaccines. Findings also showed that children of birth order 3 and above, who were delivered at home, had received less than four antenatal visits, from poor households and households with more than 5 members, whose mothers were under 25, had primary education level and below, and had no income-generating activities were less likely to be fully vaccinated.Conclusion To achieve WHO’s global vaccination coverage target of 90% by 2030 in SSA, vaccination programmes must take account of regional, subregional and national inequities. Our findings also underline the need for interventions tailored to each SSA country’s socio-cultural context.Ethical consideration Ethical approval was not required as this is a secondary analysis of publicly available data.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Medicine (General)","Infectious and parasitic diseases"],"doi":"10.1136/bmjgh-2024-018333","url":"https://gh.bmj.com/content/10/3/e018333.full","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"arxiv_2509.09508","title":"Incorporating AI incident reporting into telecommunications law and policy: Insights from India","authors":[{"name":"Avinash Agarwal"},{"name":"Manisha J. Nene"}],"abstract":"The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into telecommunications infrastructure introduces novel risks, such as algorithmic bias and unpredictable system behavior, that fall outside the scope of traditional cybersecurity and data protection frameworks. This paper introduces a precise definition and a detailed typology of telecommunications AI incidents, establishing them as a distinct category of risk that extends beyond conventional cybersecurity and data protection breaches. It argues for their recognition as a distinct regulatory concern. Using India as a case study for jurisdictions that lack a horizontal AI law, the paper analyzes the country's key digital regulations. The analysis reveals that India's existing legal instruments, including the Telecommunications Act, 2023, the CERT-In Rules, and the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, focus on cybersecurity and data breaches, creating a significant regulatory gap for AI-specific operational incidents, such as performance degradation and algorithmic bias. The paper also examines structural barriers to disclosure and the limitations of existing AI incident repositories. Based on these findings, the paper proposes targeted policy recommendations centered on integrating AI incident reporting into India's existing telecom governance. Key proposals include mandating reporting for high-risk AI failures, designating an existing government body as a nodal agency to manage incident data, and developing standardized reporting frameworks. These recommendations aim to enhance regulatory clarity and strengthen long-term resilience, offering a pragmatic and replicable blueprint for other nations seeking to govern AI risks within their existing sectoral frameworks.","source":"arXiv","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.CY","cs.AI","cs.HC"],"doi":"10.1016/j.clsr.2026.106263","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09508","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.09508","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2025-09-11T14:50:41Z","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.29202/asl/13/9","title":"Space and National Security: Points of interaction, Opportunities and Issue of Priority","authors":[{"name":"Volodymyr Neskorozhenyi"},{"name":"Volodymyr Zakharov"},{"name":"Alexander Slyusarenko"}],"abstract":"The article reveals the importance of space for national security. The points of interaction between space activities and national security are identified, which reflect the growing importance of outer space for ensuring the security of States and emergency management, the growth of international cooperation in the field of space technologies. The newest possibilities of space to ensure national security (warning and military intelligence systems; communication systems and means of coordination; systems of space monitoring of the environment and resource management; systems of border and maritime surveillance; development of other technologies; development of global cooperation) are revealed. The problems of ensuring the priority of national security in the use of space resources have been formed, with the formation of a global strategy that geopolitical stability and prevention of the militarization of space should become key aspects for ensuring the national security of any State.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Law"],"doi":"10.29202/asl/13/9","url":"http://asljournal.org/journals/2024-13/ASL_vol_13_NeskorozhenyiZakharovSlyusarenko.pdf","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.11896/jsjkx.230100072","title":"Review of Public Opinion Dynamics Models","authors":[{"name":"LIU Shuxian, XU Huan, WANG Wei, DENG Le"}],"abstract":"Social network provides a medium for information dissemination,leading to the rapid development of public opinion.Controlling the development direction of public opinion is one of the core issues of public opinion dynamics.However,the public opinion dynamics model mainly studies the way of updating the opinions of the subject so as to deduce the law of public opinion evolution.This paper classifies the current public opinion dynamics models,analyzes their advantages and disadvantages,and their applications in different fields,and summarizes the future research direction of public opinion dynamics.It is helpful to understand the law of the evolution of public opinion,so as to provide better guidance for the government and other institutions to control the direction of public opinion.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Computer software","Technology (General)"],"doi":"10.11896/jsjkx.230100072","url":"https://www.jsjkx.com/fileup/1002-137X/PDF/1002-137X-2024-51-2-15.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.jsjkx.com/fileup/1002-137X/PDF/1002-137X-2024-51-2-15.pdf","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"doaj_O+discurso+n%C3%A3o+proferido+em+homenagem+a+Juarez+Tavares","title":"O discurso não proferido em homenagem a Juarez Tavares","authors":[{"name":"Juarez Cirino dos Santos"}],"abstract":"Falar sobre Juarez Tavares é uma tarefa agradável, por muitas razões: a descrição de sua personalidade sugere substantivos fortes e adjetivos dignificantes, que tornam o discurso fácil e fluente. E, na comemoração dos seus 80 anos, rodeado por amigos e admiradores, é importante destacar as dimensões filosófica, política e científica de sua personalidade carismática e comunicativa, que produzem profunda impressão em todos os que o conhecem ou com ele convivem, de uma forma ou de outra.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Criminal law and procedure","Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology"],"url":"https://publicacoes.ibccrim.org.br/index.php/boletim_1993/article/view/1523","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.20873/uft.2359-0106.2024.v11n1.p60-83","title":"A OPERACIONALIZAÇÃO DA LGPD NAS ATIVIDADES NOTARIAIS E REGISTRAIS: O CASO DOS CARTÓRIOS DE PROTESTO","authors":[{"name":"Ricardo Alexandre Costa"},{"name":"Carlos Renato Cunha"}],"abstract":"\nO presente trabalho tem como objetivo explorar a aplicação da Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (LGPD) nos cartórios de protesto, com ênfase na importância da transparência e proteção dos dados pessoais no contexto dessas instituições. Para alcançar esse propósito, serão discutidos diversos aspectos relacionados à coleta, tratamento, compartilhamento e direitos dos titulares de dados no ambiente dos cartórios de protesto. Foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, trazendo a compreensão da Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados e a compreensão das serventias extrajudiciais. Por fim, constatou-se como se dá a aplicação da LGPD nos casos de Cartório de Protesto.\n","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence","Civil law","Public law"],"doi":"10.20873/uft.2359-0106.2024.v11n1.p60-83","url":"https://sistemas.uft.edu.br/periodicos/index.php/direito/article/view/17707","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"arxiv_2407.13577","title":"What is glacier sliding","authors":[{"name":"Robert Law"},{"name":"David Chandler"},{"name":"Phillip Voigt"},{"name":"Ivan Utkin"},{"name":"Andreas Born"}],"abstract":"Glacier and ice-sheet motion is fundamental to glaciology. However, we still lack a consensus for the optimal way to relate basal velocity to basal traction for large-scale glacier and ice-sheet models (the 'sliding relationship'). Typically, a single tunable coefficient loosely connected to one or a limited number of physical processes is varied spatially to reconcile model output with observations. Yet, process-agnostic studies indicate that the suitability of a given sliding relationship depends on the setting. Here, we suggest that this arises from myriad overlapping setting- and scale-dependent sliding sub-processes, including complicated near-basal stress states not captured by large-scale models, reviewed here as comprising a basal 'sliding layer'. A corresponding 'bulk layer' then accounts for ice deformation only minimally influenced by bed properties. We provide a framework for incorporating arbitrarily many sub-processes within a given region -- separated into normal ('form drag') and tangential ('slip') resistance at the ice-bed interface, stressing that the maximum scale of cavitation is an important contributor to the division between the two. Under reasonable assumptions, our framework implies that sliding relationships should fall within a sum of regularised-Coulomb and power-law components, with a rough-smooth distinction proving more consequential in dictating sliding behaviour than a traditional hard-soft transition.","source":"arXiv","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["physics.geo-ph"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.13577","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.13577","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2024-07-18T15:15:56Z","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.30641/kebijakan.2023.V17.1-12","title":"Penguatan Kedudukan Pemasyarakatan dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Terpadu melalui Fungsi Pelayanan Tahanan","authors":[{"name":"Riki Afrizal"},{"name":"Iwan Kurniawan"},{"name":"Fajar Wahyudi"}],"abstract":"Perubahan sistem pemasyarakatan ditandai dengan disahkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2022 Tentang Pemasyarakatan. Salah satu hal yang diatur adalah mengenai pelayanan tahanan sebagai salah satu fungsi pemasyarakatan. Pengaturan ini tentu saja menarik untuk dianalisis karena selama ini pemasyarakatan hanya identik dengan pembinaan narapidana yang merupakan tahap akhir dalam sistem peradilan pidana. Pelayanan tahanan pada Rutan adalah berkaitan dengan proses peradilan pidana yang sedang berlangsung, karena secara yuridis tanggungjawab penahanan masih pada lembaga penegak hukum yang melakukan penahanan. Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis kaitan pengaturan pelayanan tahanan dalam Undang-Undang Pemasyarakatan terhadap sistem peradilan pidana terpadu di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang dan konseptual khususnya mengenai sistem pemasyarakatan dan sistem peradilan pidana terpadu. Hasil pembahasan dan analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaturan yang tegas dan jelas mengenai penyelenggaraan pelayanan tahanan sebagai fungsi pemasyarakatan. Hal Ini merupakan suatu bentuk kepastian hukum dan sekaligus penegasan keberadaan pemasyarakatan sebagai subsistem peradilan pidana terpadu. Sebagai bagian sistem peradilan pidana, pemasyarakatan tidak hanya bekerja pada akhir dari rangkaian proses peradilan pidana melalui fungsi pembinaan narapidana dan anak pidana, tetapi juga pada saat bekerjanya atau berlangsungnya proses peradilan pidana tersebut.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence","Political institutions and public administration (General)"],"doi":"10.30641/kebijakan.2023.V17.1-12","url":"https://lawpolicyjournal.id/index.php/kebijakan/article/view/3152","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"arxiv_2308.03170","title":"Dynamic development of public attitudes towards science policymaking","authors":[{"name":"Keisuke Okamura"}],"abstract":"Understanding the heterogeneity of mechanisms that form public attitudes towards science and technology policymaking is essential to the establishment of an effective public engagement platform. Using the 2011 public opinion survey data from Japan (n = 6,136), I divided the general public into three categories: the Attentive public, who are willing to actively engage with science and technology policymaking dialogue; the Interested public, who have moderate interest in science and technology but rely on experts for policy decisions; and the Residual public, who have minimal interest in science and technology. On the basis of the results of multivariate regression analysis, I have identified several key predispositions towards science and technology and other socio-demographic characteristics that influence the shift of individuals from one category of the general public to another. The findings provide a foundation for understanding how to induce more accountable, evidence-based science and technology policymaking.","source":"arXiv","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["physics.soc-ph"],"doi":"10.1177/0963662515605420","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.03170","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2308.03170","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2023-08-06T17:37:20Z","score":67},{"id":"ss_b2d473cb4d8095529e26f1dca64bce20bdc97315","title":"Public Law and Economics","authors":[{"name":"R. Cooter"},{"name":"Michael D. Gilbert"}],"abstract":"This comprehensive textbook applies economic analysis to public law. The economic analysis of law has revolutionized legal scholarship and teaching in the last half-century, but it has focused mostly on private law, business law, and criminal law. This book extends the analysis to fundamental topics in public law, such as the separation of government powers, regulation by agencies, constitutional rights, and elections. Every public law involves six fundamental processes of government: bargaining, voting, entrenching, delegating, adjudicating, and enforcing. The book devotes two chapters to each process, beginning with the economic theory and then applying the theory to a wide range of puzzles and problems in law. Each chapter concentrates on cases and legal doctrine, showing the relevance of economics to the work of lawyers and judges. Featuring lucid, accessible writing and engaging examples, the book addresses enduring topics in public law as well as modern controversies, including gerrymandering, voter identification laws, and qualified immunity for police.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2022,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197655870.001.0001","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b2d473cb4d8095529e26f1dca64bce20bdc97315","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/book/44439/book-pdf/49835062/9780197655894_web.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":6,"published_at":"","score":66.18},{"id":"doaj_10.30641/dejure.2022.V22.423-436","title":"Examination and Confiscation of Notarial Deeds for The Purpose of Criminal Law Enforcement without Approval from The Notary Honorary Council","authors":[{"name":"Moh. Roziq Saifulloh"}],"abstract":"The Notary’s right of refusal through the approval of the Notary Honorary Council (NHC) hinders the practice of criminal law enforcement because it is absolute and there is no further (final) legal remedy, even though a similar policy (beleid) has been revoked by the Constitutional Court. In practice, the notary cannot be examined by investigators, public prosecutors, or judges, unless they have previously obtained NHC approval, as regulated in Article 66 paragraph (1) of Law Number 30 of 2004 as amended by Law Number 2 of 2014 (Notary Position Law). Even if Notary Honorary Council refuses, then there will only be further legal remedies through a lawsuit by the State Administrative Court. In fact, the provisions regarding the Notary’s right of refusal should be ‘determination’ by court decisions (vonnis) as regulated in Article 170 of the Criminal Code, and not ‘administrative determination’ (beschikking) through NHC approval based on the delegation of supervisory authority from state institutions. This paper concludes that every law enforcer in criminal cases (police, prosecutors, and judges) can examine a Notary with the condition of special permission from the Head of the local District Court, approval of direct interested parties, or NHC approval as stipulated in Article 43 of the Criminal Code in conjunction with Article 66 paragraph (1) of the Notary Position Law. This paper is normative research with a statutory approach, conceptual approach, and case approach.","source":"DOAJ","year":2022,"language":"","subjects":["Law"],"doi":"10.30641/dejure.2022.V22.423-436","url":"https://ejournal.balitbangham.go.id/index.php/dejure/article/view/2895","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66},{"id":"doaj_10.21608/jsst.2022.133044.1404","title":"إستخدام نظرية المصداقية فى تسعير تأمين التوقف عن العمل بسبب الحريق بالتطبيق على شرکة مصر للتأمين","authors":[{"name":"عبدالله عبدالعال محمد خزيم خزيم"}],"abstract":"ملخص الدراسة : Abstract يهدف هذا البحث إلى تسعير تأمين التوقف عن العمل بسبب الحريق وذلک باستخدام نظرية المصداقية Credibility Theory بالتطبيق على شرکة مصر للتأمين ، ويعتمد الباحث فى سبيل الوصول إلى السعر العادل والکافى لتأمين التوقف عن العمل بسبب الحريق على استخدام نظرية المصداقية وذلک من خلال تحديد التوزيع الاحتمالى المناسب لعدد الحوادث (التوزيعات المنفصلة) ، وکذلک تحديد التوزيع الاحتمالى المناسب لقيم الخسائر(التوزيعات المتصلة) ، ثم تطبيق معادلة المصداقية فى تسعير تأمين التوقف عن العمل بسبب الحريق وذلک بتقدير معامل المصداقية Credibility Factor للوصول للقسط الصافى والسعر العادل ، وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أن التوزيع الاحتمالى المناسب لعدد الحوادث هو التوزيع البواسونى Poisson Distribution ، والتوزيع الاحتمالى المناسب لحجم الخسارة هو توزيع باريتو pareto Distribution ، کما توصلت الدراسة إلى السعر العادل والکافى لتأمين التوقف عن العمل بسبب الحريق باستخدام نظرية المصداقية بالتطبيق على شرکة مصر للتأمين وهو 0.006 ، وبمقارنة السعر العادل الذى توصلت إليه الدراسة لتأمين التوقف عن العمل بسبب الحريق بالسعر السائد والمطبق فى شرکة مصر للتأمين نجد أن الشرکة محل الدراسة تحصل على أسعار أقل من السعر العادل التى توصلت إليه الدراسة وبالتالى فقد أوصت الدراسة شرکة مصر للتأمين بضرورة تعديل أسعار تأمين التوقف عن العمل بسبب الحريق لديها وذلک بزيادة ورفع هذه الأسعار؛ حتى لا تحقق خسائر فى هذا النوع من التأمين فى المستقبل وحتى تتناسب الأسعار مع درجة الخطورة ولکى تتمکن هذه الشرکة من تکوين محفظة اکتتاب متوازنة تمکنها من تخفيض معدلات الخسائر لديها.","source":"DOAJ","year":2022,"language":"","subjects":["Commerce","Finance","Public finance"],"doi":"10.21608/jsst.2022.133044.1404","url":"https://jsst.journals.ekb.eg/article_249695_402f06a14f3b13232d2fcee8e266c158.pdf","pdf_url":"https://jsst.journals.ekb.eg/article_249695_402f06a14f3b13232d2fcee8e266c158.pdf","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66},{"id":"doaj_10.1080/20961790.2020.1835156","title":"Genetic analysis of suicide: a sample study in Tuscany (Central Italy)","authors":[{"name":"Martina Focardi"},{"name":"Barbara Gualco"},{"name":"Vilma Pinchi"},{"name":"Norelli Gian-Aristide"},{"name":"Regina Rensi"},{"name":"Elisabetta Pelo"},{"name":"Ilaria Carboni"},{"name":"Ugo Ricci"}],"abstract":"Many studies have examined the genetic contribution to suicide. However, data on suicide in the Italian population are scarce. We therefore aimed to address this gap by investigating a cohort of 111 Italians for whom a verdict of suicide had been declared in court in Florence, Italy between 2007 and 2017. This cohort included 86 men and 25 women. DNA samples were obtained from tissues or blood, and 22 genes from multiple neurobiological pathways previously shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of suicide were analysed. Next-generation sequencing was used to compare these gene sequences with those from a large, normal population. In this study, we identified 19 gene variants that were present at significantly lower frequencies in our Italian cohort than in the general population. In addition, four missense mutations were identified in four different genes: Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA), 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 2 A (HTR2A), Sodium Voltage-Gated Channel Alpha Subunit 8 (SCN8A), and Nitric Oxide Synthase 3 (NOS3). Our study identified several potential genetic links with suicide in a cohort of Italians and supports a relationship between specific genetic variants and suicidal behaviour in this population. Key pointsThis study shows a genetic analysis of suicide.This study examines a cohort of 111 Italians for whom a verdict of suicide had been declared in court in Florence, Italy between 2007 and 2017. DNA samples were obtained from tissues or blood, and 22 genes from multiple neurobiological pathways were investigated.The study supports a relationship between specific genetic variants and suicidal behaviour.","source":"DOAJ","year":2022,"language":"","subjects":["Criminal law and procedure","Public aspects of medicine"],"doi":"10.1080/20961790.2020.1835156","url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/20961790.2020.1835156","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66},{"id":"ss_bc67f4b90589a9d878f6a56aca36628a7ce72ae6","title":"Public Law","authors":[{"name":"Michael F Doherty"},{"name":"N. McGuirk"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2022,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.4324/9781003123637","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bc67f4b90589a9d878f6a56aca36628a7ce72ae6","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66}],"total":10880439,"page":1,"page_size":20,"sources":["CrossRef","DOAJ","arXiv","Semantic Scholar"],"query":"Public law"}