{"results":[{"id":"crossref_10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125564","title":"A multi-objective optimization model for fast electric vehicle charging stations with wind, PV power and energy storage","authors":[{"name":"Baojun Sun"}],"abstract":"","source":"CrossRef","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125564","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125564","is_open_access":true,"citations":176,"published_at":"","score":70.28},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/batteries12030082","title":"Improvement of Cycling Stability of Core–Shell Structured Ni-Rich NMC Cathodes by Using a Tungsten Oxide Stabilization Interlayer","authors":[{"name":"Bilal Tasdemir"},{"name":"Svitlana Krüger"},{"name":"Pinank Sohagiya"},{"name":"Apurba Ray"},{"name":"Bilge Saruhan"}],"abstract":"The growing demand for higher-energy lithium-ion batteries, encompassing consumer electronics, stationary grid storage, and electric mobility to specialized sectors like aerospace, medical devices, and industrial robotics, requires cathode materials that offer higher capacity while remaining cost-effective. This trend has intensified the development of nickel-rich LiNi\u003csub\u003e1−x−y\u003c/sub\u003eMn\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eCo\u003csub\u003ey\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e (NMC) systems. However, high-Ni NMCs such as LiNi\u003csub\u003e0.9\u003c/sub\u003eMn\u003csub\u003e0.05\u003c/sub\u003eCo\u003csub\u003e0.05\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e (NMC90) suffer from limited thermal and cycling stability. Core–shell architectures using LiNi\u003csub\u003e0.6\u003c/sub\u003eMn\u003csub\u003e0.2\u003c/sub\u003eCo\u003csub\u003e0.2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e (NMC622) as a shell can partially alleviate these drawbacks, but structural degradation caused by interdiffusion between the core and shell persists as a major challenge. This study investigates whether a tungsten oxide interlayer can act as a protective barrier that suppresses interdiffusion, stabilizes the crystal structure, and improves long-term electrochemical performance. In this work, NMC cathode powders were synthesized via a one-pot oxalate co-precipitation route, followed by structural characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS). Electrochemical performance, including capacity retention, cycling stability, and internal resistance, was evaluated through galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) testing and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The core–shell configuration delivered higher specific discharge capacity compared to the individually synthesized core-only and shell-only reference materials, and the incorporation of a tungsten oxide interlayer resulted in a twofold increase in cycle life. These results demonstrate that tungsten oxide effectively enhances cycling stability by inhibiting core–shell interdiffusion, offering a promising pathway toward more durable high-Ni NMC cathodes.","source":"DOAJ","year":2026,"language":"","subjects":["Production of electric energy or power. Powerplants. Central stations","Industrial electrochemistry"],"doi":"10.3390/batteries12030082","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/12/3/82","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":70},{"id":"crossref_10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111832","title":"Optimal integration of electric vehicle charging stations into a renewable-supported multi-energy system","authors":[{"name":"Mehmet Çeçen"}],"abstract":"","source":"CrossRef","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111832","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111832","is_open_access":true,"citations":17,"published_at":"","score":69.50999999999999},{"id":"crossref_10.1109/tpec63981.2025.10906903","title":"Impact of Photovoltaic Reactive Power Control on Grid with Electric Vehicle Charging Stations","authors":[{"name":"Insu Kim"}],"abstract":"","source":"CrossRef","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.1109/tpec63981.2025.10906903","url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpec63981.2025.10906903","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/act14040200","title":"Active Disturbance Rejection for Linear Induction Motors: A High-Order Sliding-Mode-Observer-Based Twisting Controller","authors":[{"name":"Yongwen Liu"},{"name":"Lei Zhang"},{"name":"Pu Li"},{"name":"Yaoli Xu"}],"abstract":"This paper presents a twisting controller (TC) based on a high-order sliding mode observer (HOSMO) for linear induction motors (LIMs), accounting for dynamic end effects. Based on the LIM model in the field-oriented frame, two extended subsystems are developed: a velocity extended model and a flux extended model. Using these models, two HOSMOs are designed to estimate the disturbances in each subsystem. The HOSMO outputs are then used for disturbance rejection, resulting in two second-order systems with small bounded disturbances. Two TCs are subsequently implemented to achieve finite-time velocity and flux tracking of the LIM. The primary advantage of this strategy lies in its ability to reduce chattering through active disturbance rejection. Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed TC-HOSMO scheme.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials","Production of electric energy or power. Powerplants. Central stations"],"doi":"10.3390/act14040200","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/14/4/200","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/act14040160","title":"On Modelling and State Estimation of DC Motors","authors":[{"name":"Erik Arévalo"},{"name":"Ramón Herrera Hernández"},{"name":"Dimitrios Katselis"},{"name":"Carlos Reusser"},{"name":"Rodrigo Carvajal"}],"abstract":"Direct current motors are widely used in a plethora of applications, ranging from industrial to modern electric (and intelligent) vehicle applications. Most recent operation methods of these motors involve drives that are designed based on an adequate knowledge of the motor dynamics and circulating currents. However, in spite of its simplicity, accurate discrete-time models are not always attainable when utilising the Euler method. Moreover, these inaccuracies may not be reduced when estimating the currents and rotor speed in sensorless direct current motors. In this paper, we analyse three discretisation methods, namely the Euler, second-order Taylor method and second-order Runge–Kutta method, applied to three common types of direct current motor: separately excited, series, and shunt. We also analyse the performance of two of the most simple Bayesian filtering methods, namely the Kalman filter and the extended Kalman filter. For the comparison of the models and the state estimation techniques, we performed several Monte Carlo simulations. Our simulations show that, in general, the Taylor and Runge–Kutta methods exhibit similar behaviours, whilst the Euler method results in less accurate models.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials","Production of electric energy or power. Powerplants. Central stations"],"doi":"10.3390/act14040160","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/14/4/160","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"arxiv_2511.13603","title":"Variance Stabilizing Transformations for Electricity Price Forecasting in Periods of Increased Volatility","authors":[{"name":"Bartosz Uniejewski"}],"abstract":"Accurate day-ahead electricity price forecasts are critical for power system operation and market participation, yet growing renewable penetration and recent crises have caused unprecedented volatility that challenges standard models. This paper revisits variance stabilizing transformations (VSTs) as a preprocessing tool by introducing a novel parametrization of the asinh transformation, systematically analyzing parameter sensitivity and calibration window size, and explicitly testing performance under volatile market regimes. Using data from Germany, Spain, and France over 2015-2024 with two model classes (NARX and LEAR), we show that VSTs substantially reduce forecast errors, with gains of up to 14.6% for LEAR and 8.7% for NARX relative to untransformed benchmarks. The new parametrized asinh consistently outperforms its standard form, while rolling averaging across transformations delivers the most robust improvements, reducing errors by up to 17.7%. Results demonstrate that VSTs are especially valuable in volatile regimes, making them a powerful tool for enhancing electricity price forecasting in today's power markets.","source":"arXiv","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["stat.AP"],"doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2026.112992","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.13603","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.13603","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2025-11-17T17:06:25Z","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.30724/1998-9903-2024-26-3-120-131","title":"The use of plant waste to ensure the functioning of agricultural energy complexes","authors":[{"name":"M. F. Nabiullina"},{"name":"G. R. Mingaleeva"},{"name":"O. V. Afanaseva"},{"name":"S. S. Timofeeva"}],"abstract":"RELEVANCE. Agricultural enterprises generate vegetable waste, which is difficult to utilize. Such waste can be used for combustion in boilers, providing thermal and electric energy to an agricultural energy complex. A hybrid mini-thermal power plant combining renewable energy sources and plant biofuels will be able to provide more economical, environmentally friendly and reliable supplies of heat and electricity under any demand conditions compared to using one of these systems.OBJECTIVE. Determination of fuel consumption during combustion of various types of vegetative agricultural waste in a hybrid mini-thermal power plant with parallel connection of solar energy concentrators under conditions of solar insolation of the Republic of Tatarstan.METHODS. The article considers the chemical composition and characteristics of various types of plant waste from agriculture. The average total energy consumption load of an agricultural enterprise has been determined. RESULTS. To determine the consumption of biofuels for the operation of the KE10-14CO boiler, the calculation of the theoretical volumes of combustion products and the thermal calculation of the boiler were carried out. The need for auxiliary fuel at mini-thermal power plants with parallel connection of solar energy concentration plants has been determined. The calculation of the heat collected by the solar collector has been performed.CONCLUSION. The use of solar energy concentrators when connected in parallel with a biofuel boiler makes it possible to evenly supply energy to the enterprise and form biofuel reserves. Calculations have shown that the use of hybrid biomass combustion plants and solar collectors helps to reduce fuel consumption.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Production of electric energy or power. Powerplants. Central stations"],"doi":"10.30724/1998-9903-2024-26-3-120-131","url":"https://www.energyret.ru/jour/article/view/3087","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202310053","title":"Reactive Power Optimization Control for Renewable Energy in Distribution Networks Considering Active Power Uncertainties","authors":[{"name":"Jingzhong ZHANG"},{"name":"Fei MENG"},{"name":"Yang SUN"},{"name":"Huixia YU"}],"abstract":"A dual-layer robust optimization control method based on the droop principle of reactive power and voltage is proposed for renewable energy in distribution networks, considering active power uncertainties. First, in the reference-point optimization layer, the typical control quantities that affect the reactive power distribution in the power system are optimized with the objective of minimizing the overall cost over the multi-period, such as the static reactive power compensation devices, the coordinated control instructions of voltage regulating transformers, and the reactive power and port voltage reference values for renewable energy. Secondly, in the slope optimization layer, based on the column-and-constraint generation (C\u0026CG) algorithm framework, the main problem model of slope instruction optimization and the sub-problem model of extreme scenarios set filtering are established. The results demonstrate that the proposed optimization control method can not only effectively adapt to the random fluctuations of renewable energy generation output but also maximize the utilization of reactive power capacity of grid-connected converters. It can optimize the system network losses and the operational cost of voltage regulation devices and enhance the operation reliability of power systems.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Electricity","Production of electric energy or power. Powerplants. Central stations"],"doi":"10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202310053","url":"https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202310053","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/act13010017","title":"Design and Analysis of a New Dual-Stator Hybrid Magnet Flux Modulation Machine","authors":[{"name":"Yao Meng"},{"name":"Xinyu Yang"},{"name":"Haitao Wang"},{"name":"Xingzhen Bai"}],"abstract":"This paper proposes a new dual-stator hybrid-magnet flux modulation machine (DS-FMHMM) for direct-drive applications, which employs NdFeB magnet excitation and Ferrite magnet excitation on the rotor and outer stator sides, respectively. With this design, the proposed DS-FMHMM can not only fully use the bidirectional flux modulation effect, but also effectively alleviate the magnetic saturation issue. The machine configuration is described, together with the operating principle. Then, the design parameters of DS-FMHMM are globally optimized for obtaining high torque quality, and the influence of magnet dimensions on torque is analyzed. To evaluate the merits of the proposed DS-FMHMM, the electromagnetic performances of machines under different magnet excitation sources are analyzed, and a comprehensive electromagnetic performance comparison of DS-FMHMM and two existing dual-stator flux modulation machines (DSFMMs) is developed.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials","Production of electric energy or power. Powerplants. Central stations"],"doi":"10.3390/act13010017","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/13/1/17","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.1049/gtd2.13205","title":"On the practical aspects of machine learning based active power loss forecasting in transmission networks","authors":[{"name":"Franko Pandžić"},{"name":"Ivan Sudić"},{"name":"Tomislav Capuder"},{"name":"Ivan Pavičić"}],"abstract":"Abstract The cost for covering active power losses makes a significant item in transmission system operators (TSO) annual budgets, and still it received limited attention in the existing literature. The focus of accurate power loss forecasting and procurement is of high increase during the past 2 years due to spikes in electricity prices, making the cost of covering the active power losses a dominant factor of TSO operational costs. This paper presents practical aspects of the highly accurate models for transmission loss forecast in the day ahead time frame for the Croatian transmission system. The contributions are two‐fold: 1) Practical insights into usable TSO data are provided, filling a critical research gap and a foundational literature review is established on transmission loss forecasting. 2) A novel method utilizing only electricity transit data as input which outperforms existing practices is presented. For this, several algorithms such as gradient boosted decision tree model (XGB), support vector regressors, multiple linear regression and fully connected feedforward artificial neural networks are developed, and implemented and validated on data obtained from the Croatian TSO. The results show that the XGB model outperforms current TSO model by 32% for 4 months of comparison and TSCNET's commercial solution by 25% during a year‐long testing period. The developed XGB model is also implemented as a software tool and put into everyday operation with the Croatian TSO.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Distribution or transmission of electric power","Production of electric energy or power. Powerplants. Central stations"],"doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13205","url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13205","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/act13040150","title":"Progressive Optimal Fault-Tolerant Control Combining Active and Passive Control Manners","authors":[{"name":"Dan Du"},{"name":"Zetao Li"},{"name":"Boutaib Dahhou"}],"abstract":"This study develops a progressive optimal fault-tolerant control method based on insufficient fault information. By combining passive and active fault-tolerant control manners during the process of fault diagnosis, insufficient fault information is fully used, and optimal fault-tolerant control effect is achieved. In addition, the fault-tolerant control method based on guaranteed robust cost control is introduced. The proposed progressive optimal fault-tolerant control method considers two aspects. First, as the amount of fault information continually increases, the performance index of the progressive optimal fault-tolerant controller improves. Second, at each moment, based on the corresponding insufficient fault information and prior knowledge, optimal fault-tolerant control is achieved according to current fault information. The process of progressive optimal fault-tolerant control converges to active fault-tolerant control when the fault is completely identified, and the optimal fault-tolerant controller is no longer reconfigured until no more useful fault information can be provided. Furthermore, a progressive optimal fault-tolerant control algorithm based on the grid segmentation in the parameter uncertainty domain and the selection of different auxiliary center points is introduced. Simulation results verified the feasibility of the proposed algorithm and the validity of the proposed theory.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials","Production of electric energy or power. Powerplants. Central stations"],"doi":"10.3390/act13040150","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/13/4/150","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"arxiv_2404.07804","title":"Optimal EV Charging Scheduling at Electric Railway Stations Under Peak Load Constraints","authors":[{"name":"G. Pierrou"},{"name":"C. Valero-De La Flor"},{"name":"G. Hug"}],"abstract":"In this paper, a novel Energy Management System (EMS) algorithm to achieve optimal Electric Vehicle (EV) charging scheduling at the parking lots of electric railway stations is proposed. The proposed approach uncovers the potential of leveraging EV charging flexibility to prevent overloading in the combined EV charging and railway operation along with renewable generation, railway regenerative capabilities, and energy storage. Specifically, to realize end-user flexibility, each EV state of charge at departure time is introduced as an optimization variable. Peak load constraints are included in the railway EMS to properly adjust EV charging requirements during periods of high railway demand. A comprehensive numerical study using a scenario-tree approach on an actual railway line in Switzerland demonstrates the effectiveness and the feasibility of the proposed method in a practical setting under multiple scenarios.","source":"arXiv","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["eess.SY"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.07804","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.07804","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2024-04-11T14:48:53Z","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/act12100369","title":"Selection of Design Scheme for an Ultrahigh-Pressure Hydrostatic Extrusion Cylinder","authors":[{"name":"Jian Yang"},{"name":"Lei Zhang"},{"name":"Jun Zhang"},{"name":"Hao Wang"},{"name":"Dong Zhang"},{"name":"Yuanxin Luo"},{"name":"Yongqin Wang"}],"abstract":"In this study, the mechanical models of a multilayer combined extrusion cylinder and a steel-wire-winding extrusion cylinder were established and compared using a finite element simulation and existing experimental cases. This work provides theoretical support for the selection of an ultrahigh-pressure extrusion cylinder. Comparative analysis of an ultrahigh-pressure extrusion structure was carried out. The mathematical optimization model is established based on the mechanical model, and the ultimate bearing capacities of the schemes are compared. Additionally, the winding mode and the number of core layers of the extrusion cylinder are compared and analyzed, which provides a theoretical basis for the parameter design of the steel-wire-winding ultrahigh-pressure extrusion cylinder. This work holds good theoretical significance and practical value for the promotion and application of ultrahigh-pressure hydrostatic extrusion technology.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials","Production of electric energy or power. Powerplants. Central stations"],"doi":"10.3390/act12100369","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/12/10/369","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/act12080331","title":"Design and Research of Multimodal Fusion Feedback Device Based on Virtual Interactive System","authors":[{"name":"Zhen Zhang"},{"name":"Kenan Shi"},{"name":"Pan Ge"},{"name":"Taisheng Zhang"},{"name":"Manman Xu"},{"name":"Yu Chen"}],"abstract":"This paper proposes a kinesthetic–tactile fusion feedback system based on virtual interaction. Combining the results of human fingertip deformation characteristics analysis and an upper limb motion mechanism, a fingertip tactile feedback device and an arm kinesthetic feedback device are designed and analyzed for blind instructors. In order to verify the effectiveness of the method, virtual touch experiments are established through the mapping relationship between the master–slave and virtual end. The results showed that the average recognition rate of virtual objects is 79.58%, and the recognition speed is improved by 41.9% compared with the one without force feedback, indicating that the kinesthetic–tactile feedback device can provide more haptic perception information in virtual feedback and improve the recognition rate of haptic perception.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials","Production of electric energy or power. Powerplants. Central stations"],"doi":"10.3390/act12080331","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/12/8/331","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.1049/gtd2.12442","title":"Active and reactive power control of grid‐connected single‐phase asymmetrical eleven‐level inverter","authors":[{"name":"Mohammad Tayyab"},{"name":"Adil Sarwar"},{"name":"Shadab Murshid"},{"name":"Mohd Tariq"},{"name":"Ahmed Al‐Durra"},{"name":"Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh"}],"abstract":"Abstract In recent times, multilevel inverters (MLIs) have become very popular for commercial and industrial applications. Here, an eleven‐level inverter and its power flow control are presented. The presented topology has a lesser component count than other existing topologies, thus reducing the devices and overall cost of the inverter. This inverter comprises six bidirectional switches, two DC sources, one four‐quadrant switch, and two capacitors for the voltage divider circuit. The conduction modes and corresponding switching states of the presented eleven‐level inverter are shown in detail. Further, the apparent power control of the presented inverter under grid‐connected operation is discussed, which provides simultaneous active and reactive power control over the power injected into the grid. Switching and conduction losses are calculated for 3 and 6 kVA grid injected power at 0.8 power factor lagging. The obtained results show that the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the inverter output voltage and grid current is 12.10% and 0.23%, respectively, under 6 kVA power transfer conditions. The real‐time analysis is also carried out for 3 and 6 kVA power transfer conditions for the presented eleven‐level inverter to validate the active and reactive power flow control.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Distribution or transmission of electric power","Production of electric energy or power. Powerplants. Central stations"],"doi":"10.1049/gtd2.12442","url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.12442","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"arxiv_2303.10256","title":"PINNSim: A Simulator for Power System Dynamics based on Physics-Informed Neural Networks","authors":[{"name":"Jochen Stiasny"},{"name":"Baosen Zhang"},{"name":"Spyros Chatzivasileiadis"}],"abstract":"The dynamic behaviour of a power system can be described by a system of differential-algebraic equations. Time-domain simulations are used to simulate the evolution of these dynamics. They often require the use of small time step sizes and therefore become computationally expensive. To accelerate these simulations, we propose a simulator - PINNSim - that allows to take significantly larger time steps. It is based on Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) for the solution of the dynamics of single components in the power system. To resolve their interaction we employ a scalable root-finding algorithm. We demonstrate PINNSim on a 9-bus system and show the increased time step size compared to a trapezoidal integration rule. We discuss key characteristics of PINNSim and important steps for developing PINNSim into a fully fledged simulator. As such, it could offer the opportunity for significantly increasing time step sizes and thereby accelerating time-domain simulations.","source":"arXiv","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["eess.SY","cs.LG","math.NA"],"doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.110796","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.10256","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.10256","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2023-03-17T21:42:58Z","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.1002/cey2.171","title":"Tailoring structural properties of carbon via implanting optimal co nanoparticles in n‐rich carbon cages toward high‐efficiency oxygen electrocatalysis for rechargeable zn‐air batteries","authors":[{"name":"Jie Yu"},{"name":"Yawen Dai"},{"name":"Zhenbao Zhang"},{"name":"Tong Liu"},{"name":"Siyuan Zhao"},{"name":"Chun Cheng"},{"name":"Peng Tan"},{"name":"Zongping Shao"},{"name":"Meng Ni"}],"abstract":"Abstract Rational construction of carbon‐based materials with high‐efficiency bifunctionality and low cost as the substitute of precious metal catalyst shows a highly practical value for rechargeable Zn‐air batteries (ZABs) yet it still remains challenging. Herein, this study employs a simple mixing‐calcination strategy to fabricate a high‐performance bifunctional composite catalyst composed of N‐doped graphitic carbon encapsulating Co nanoparticles (Co@NrC). Benefiting from the core‐shell architectural and compositional advantages of favorable electronic configuration, more exposed active sites, sufficient electric conductivity, rich defects, and excellent charge transport, the optimal Co@NrC hybrid (Co@NrC‐0.3) presents outstanding catalytic activity and stability toward oxygen‐related electrochemical reactions (oxygen reduction and evolution reactions, i.e., ORR and OER), with a low potential gap of 0.766 V. Besides, the rechargeable liquid ZAB assembled with this hybrid electrocatalyst delivers a high peak power density of 168 mW cm−2, a small initial discharge‐charge potential gap of 0.45 V at 10 mA cm−2, and a good rate performance. Furthermore, a relatively large power density of 108 mW cm−2 is also obtained with the Co@NrC‐0.3‐based flexible solid‐state ZAB, which can well power LED lights. Such work offers insights in developing excellent bifunctional electrocatalysts for both OER and ORR and highlights their potential applications in metal‐air batteries and other energy‐conversion/storage devices.","source":"DOAJ","year":2022,"language":"","subjects":["Production of electric energy or power. Powerplants. Central stations"],"doi":"10.1002/cey2.171","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.171","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66},{"id":"doaj_10.1049/gtd2.12559","title":"Coordination optimisation of energy and manufacturing flow for industry integrated energy system","authors":[{"name":"Kun Liu"},{"name":"Feng Gao"}],"abstract":"Abstract With the breaking down of information barriers between energy flow with manufacturing flow, the coordination between them is an effective way to relieve the dual pressure from energy and environment industrial integrated energy system. The authors develop a scenario‐based coordination model for energy flow and manufacturing flow to make full use of the flexibilities of energy supply and production process to reduce energy cost. To capture the flexibility in the energy flow, the authors enhance an electricity‐steam‐product gas–gas storage coupling energy flow model considering multi‐uncertainties. The authors also develop a batch process model to formulate the flexibility in the production process. Based on the batch energy consumption constraints, the energy flow model and the batch process model are integrated as a coordination model. To ensure the feasibility of hard budget constraints under all possible random realisations, we add all‐scenario‐feasibility robust constraints which are infinite‐dimensional constraints into the model. To solve the model, a vertex scenario set based on the characteristics of convex optimisation is constructed to equivalently convert infinite‐dimensional constraints to finite‐dimensional constraints. In this way, the coordination model is transformed to a mixed integer linear programming and can be solved using CPLEX. Finally, numerical test based on a real iron and steel plant is analysed. The results show that coordination between energy with manufacturing flow is effective to reduce the energy cost and carbon emission. Compare with only optimising energy flow, the coordination model can reduce total cost about 221.6 thousand RMB and 304.44t coal every day.","source":"DOAJ","year":2022,"language":"","subjects":["Distribution or transmission of electric power","Production of electric energy or power. Powerplants. Central stations"],"doi":"10.1049/gtd2.12559","url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.12559","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66},{"id":"arxiv_2203.13951","title":"Research on Flexibility Margin of Electric-Hydrogen Coupling Energy Block Based on Model Predictive Control","authors":[{"name":"Zijiao Han"},{"name":"Shun Yuan"},{"name":"Yannan Dong"},{"name":"Shaohua Ma"},{"name":"Yudong Bian"},{"name":"Xinyu Mao"}],"abstract":"Hydrogen energy plays an important role in the transformation of low-carbon energy, and electric hydrogen coupling will become a typical energy scenario. Aiming at the operation flexibility of low-carbon electricity hydrogen coupling system with high proportion of wind power and photovoltaic, this paper studies the flexibility margin of electricity hydrogen coupling energy block based on model predictive control (MPC). By analyzing the power exchange characteristics of heterogeneous energy, the homogenization models of various heterogeneous energy sources are established. According to the analysis of power system flexibility margin, three dimensions of flexibility margin evaluation indexes are defined from the dimension of system operation, and an electricity hydrogen coupling energy block scheduling model is established. The model predictive control algorithm is used to optimize the power balance operation of the electro hydrogen coupling energy block, and the flexibility margin of the energy block is quantitatively analyzed and calculated. Through the example analysis, it is verified that the calculation method proposed in this paper can not only realize the on-line power balance optimization of electric hydrogen coupling energy block, but also effectively quantify the operation flexibility margin of electric hydrogen coupling energy block.","source":"arXiv","year":2022,"language":"en","subjects":["eess.SY"],"doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2022.879244","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.13951","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.13951","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2022-03-26T00:50:40Z","score":66}],"total":6909992,"page":1,"page_size":20,"sources":["CrossRef","DOAJ","arXiv"],"query":"Production of electric energy or power. Powerplants. Central stations"}