{"results":[{"id":"doaj_10.55959/MSU2074-8132-26-1-2","title":"Регрессионные модели региональной вариации секулярного тренда длины тела в России в XX–XXI вв.","authors":[{"name":"Кузнецова О.А."},{"name":"Негашева М.А."},{"name":"Хафизова А.А."},{"name":"Синева И.М."},{"name":"Кремнева В.Н."},{"name":"Шер М.Л. "}],"abstract":"Введение. Формирование дефинитивной длины тела определяется генетическими факторами и факторами окружающей среды. Актуальной задачей является межсистемный анализ связей секулярной динамики длины тела с изменениями во времени социально-экономических и демографических показателей. Подобная модель взаимосвязей была разработана для изменений длины тела населения России во второй половине XX в. на основе флуктуаций во времени социально-экономических и демографических показателей. Цель данной работы – проверка работоспособности общероссийской модели на региональных материалах – анализ общих тенденций и выявление особенностей на примере четырех крупных городов России.\r\nМатериалы и методы. Материалами послужили временные ряды антропометрических, социально-экономических и демографических показателей из открытых источников. Использованы данные по длине тела, собранные авторами в 2020-2024 гг. в результате обследования молодежи 17-23 лет в четырех городах России: Барнаул, Москва, Петрозаводск и Краснодар. Длина тела для демографических когорт с 1930-39 гг. до начала 2000-х гг. рождения получена из источников литературы. \r\nРезультаты и обсуждение. Показано, что изменчивость длины тела в отдельных городах и федеральных округах сходна с общероссийской. В первой половине XX в. наблюдается резкое увеличение дефинитивной длины тела с последующим снижением прироста и выходом на плато. Для современной когорты обследованных (2000-2006 гг. рождения) в некоторых крупных городах отмечено уменьшение длины тела. \r\nЗаключение. Проверка регрессионной модели общероссийского секулярного тренда длины тела в связи с изменениями во времени социально-экономических и демографических показателей на региональных данных показала близкие результаты. Выявленные региональные особенности могут быть обусловлены разновременной динамикой изменений социально-экономических условий. Незначительное уменьшение длины тела в некоторых городах России у молодежи 2000-2006 гг. рождения может свидетельствовать об изменении направления секулярного тренда, что подтверждает общебиологическую гипотезу о волнообразном характере трансэпохальной динамики дефинитивной длины тела.\r\nФинансирование. Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта РНФ № 23-18-00086 «Региональные особенности влияния социально-экономических и социокультурных факторов на секулярный тренд размеров тела современной молодёжи на рубеже XX-XXI веков».","source":"DOAJ","year":2026,"language":"","subjects":["Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology","Physical anthropology. Somatology","Human ecology. Anthropogeography"],"doi":"10.55959/MSU2074-8132-26-1-2","url":"https://laj-msu.ru/en/articles/article/22989/","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":70},{"id":"doaj_10.24215/18536387e094","title":"Efecto del tratamiento con ácido fólico y carboplatino sobre la viabilidad de células no tumorales","authors":[{"name":"Sasha T. Manso González"},{"name":"Rocío C. Gambaro"},{"name":"Analía I. Seoane"},{"name":"Gisel Padula"}],"abstract":"\nLas células cancerígenas están muy adaptadas y suelen ser resistentes a los agentes antitumorales, lo cual impedimenta una terapia efectiva contra el cáncer. Sin embargo, en estas células se encuentran factores que pueden modificar la respuesta al tratamiento quimioterapéutico. Resultados previos, obtenidos en células tumorales HeLa, demostraron que el ácido fólico (AF) combinado con el carboplatino (CBP) permitía bajar la dosis de CBP utilizada y aumentar la actividad del compuesto platinado. En este sentido, es imprescindible evaluar los efectos de dicho tratamiento en las células sanas. Por este motivo, se analizó el efecto del tratamiento combinado de AF y CBP in vitro sobre la viabilidad celular (ensayo MTT) utilizando sangre periférica de mujeres sanas. Los cultivos se realizaron por 48 horas a 37°C, durante las últimas 24 horas se efectuaron los tratamientos: 1. control negativo (CN); 2. control AF (900 nM); 3. control CBP (40,4 mM); 4. control de manitol (ML 40,4 mM); 5. combinado AF-CBP (900 nM-40,4 mM); 6. combinado AF-ML (900 nM-40,4 mM); 7. control positivo (CP etanol 10%). Los cultivos que recibieron la combinación AF-CBP presentaron una viabilidad similar a la observada para el CN. Por el contrario, en los cultivos que recibieron el tratamiento sólo con CBP la viabilidad disminuyó de manera estadísticamente significativa respecto de dicho control. Estos hallazgos podrían resultar un aporte explorando el uso del AF en protocolos basados en agentes platinados, con el fin de reducir las dosis en el tratamiento de pacientes y la aparición de efectos secundarios.\n","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Anthropology","Physical anthropology. Somatology"],"doi":"10.24215/18536387e094","url":"https://revistas.unlp.edu.ar/raab/article/view/17236","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.1017/ehs.2025.10028","title":"Impediments to countering racist pseudoscience - CORRIGENDUM","authors":[{"name":"Kevin N. Lala"},{"name":"Gillian Brown"},{"name":"Kalyani Twyman"},{"name":"Marcus W. Feldman"}],"abstract":"","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Human evolution","Evolution"],"doi":"10.1017/ehs.2025.10028","url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2513843X25100285/type/journal_article","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/quat8040053","title":"Paleobiodiversity and Paleoecology Insights from a New MIS 5e Highstand Deposit on Santa Maria Island (Azores Archipelago, Portugal)","authors":[{"name":"Sergio Moreno"},{"name":"Mohamed Amine Doukani"},{"name":"Ana Hipólito"},{"name":"Patrícia Madeira"},{"name":"Sergio Pérez Pérez"},{"name":"Laura S. Dalmau"},{"name":"Gonçalo Castela Ávila"},{"name":"Luís Silva"},{"name":"Gustavo M. Martins"},{"name":"Esther Martín-González"},{"name":"Markes E. Johnson"},{"name":"Sérgio P. Ávila"}],"abstract":"During the last two decades, the Macaronesian archipelagos have been the focus of multiple studies targeting the abundant and diversified fossil record from late Neogene and Quaternary deposits. This record of past biota, ecosystems and climates is crucial for understanding the impact of glacial–interglacial cycles on Atlantic littoral marine organisms. Coupled with ongoing studies on the factors responsible for global climate change and associated sea-level variations, they contributed decisively towards the development of the modern marine island biogeography theory. Our current knowledge of the evolutionary and biogeographic history of the past and extant, shallow-water marine organisms from the Macaronesian geographic region relies on detailed analysis of many individual fossiliferous outcrops by means of quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Here, we focus on the fossil record of a newly studied MIS 5e outcrop at Pedra-que-pica (PQP), on Santa Maria Island (Azores Archipelago, Portugal). This multidisciplinary work integrates geology, paleontology and biology, providing the first detailed description of the sedimentary facies and stratigraphic framework of the PQP MIS 5e sequence that, coupled with the documentation of the biodiversity and ecological composition of PQP molluscan assemblages, allows us to produce a paleoecological reconstruction and to compare PQP with other last interglacial outcrops from Santa Maria Island. Our results increase the number of the Azorean MIS 5e marine molluscs to 140 taxa (116 Gastropoda and 24 Bivalvia). \u003ci\u003eErvilia castanea\u003c/i\u003e (Montagu, 1803) is the most abundant bivalve, while \u003ci\u003eBittium nanum\u003c/i\u003e (Mayer, 1864) and \u003ci\u003eMelarhaphe neritoides\u003c/i\u003e (Linnaeus, 1758) are the most abundant gastropod species. In addition, this work emphasizes the crucial importance of complementing quantitative collecting with qualitative surveys of the fossiliferous outcrops, because nearly 42% of the bivalve species and 28% of the gastropod taxa would be missed if only quantitative samples were used. Derivation of Hill numbers and rarefaction curves both indicate that the sampling effort should be increased at PQP. Thus, although Santa Maria Island is recognized by the scientific community as one of the best-studied islands regarding the last interglacial fossil record, this study emphasizes the need to continue with similar efforts in less known outcrops on the island.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Human evolution","Stratigraphy"],"doi":"10.3390/quat8040053","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/8/4/53","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"ss_523a8dc0bea62d6853587b2d42c89ca5b9756007","title":"A study on the significance of the teacherʼs existence in physical education: Based on Deweyʼs anthropology.","authors":[{"name":"K. Asada"},{"name":"Goro Abe"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.9772/jpspe.47.1_69","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/523a8dc0bea62d6853587b2d42c89ca5b9756007","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"ss_3f7d3bf9a0f3a6d72aab39b5bab4eaf6e03400e1","title":"Biases of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in Physical Anthropology Studies Require a Reevaluation of Evolutionary Insights","authors":[{"name":"Nima Mohseni"},{"name":"E. Elhaik"}],"abstract":"Evolutionary biologists, primarily palaeoanthropologists, anatomists and ontogenists, employ modern geometric morphometrics to quantitatively analyse physical forms (e.g., skull morphology) and explore relationships, variations, and differences between samples and taxa using landmark coordinates. The standard approach comprises two steps: Generalised Procrustes Analysis (GPA) followed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). PCA projects the superimposed data produced by GPA onto a set of uncorrelated variables, which can be visualised on scatterplots and used to draw phenetic, evolutionary, and ontogenetic conclusions. Recently, the use of PCA in genetic studies has been challenged. Due to PCA’s central role in morphometrics, we sought to evaluate the standard approach and claims based on PCA outcomes. To test PCA’s accuracy, robustness, and reproducibility using benchmark data of the crania of five papionin genera, we developed MORPHIX, a Python package for processing superimposed landmark data with classifier and outlier detection methods, which can be further visualised using various plots. Throughout this manuscript, we address the recent and contentious use of PCA in physical anthropology and phylogenetic inference, such as the case of Homo Nesher Ramla, an archaic hominin with a questionable taxonomy. We found that PCA outcomes are artefacts of the input data and are neither reliable, robust, nor reproducible as field members may assume. We also found that supervised machine learning classifiers are more accurate both for classification and detecting new taxa. Our findings raise concerns about PCA-based findings applied in 18,400 to 35,200 Physical anthropology studies. Our work can be used to evaluate prior and novel claims concerning the origins and relatedness of inter- and intra-species and improve phylogenetic and taxonomic reconstructions.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["Biology"],"doi":"10.1101/2023.12.06.570437","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3f7d3bf9a0f3a6d72aab39b5bab4eaf6e03400e1","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2023/12/08/2023.12.06.570437.full.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":14,"published_at":"","score":68.42},{"id":"ss_b50f75e3400031a7ab00a7688e0359b0bf0efad8","title":"The main directions of research of physical development in the context of psychology, psychophysiology, genetics and sports anthropology: а review based on the articles published in «Lomonosov Journal of Anthropology» for the last 15 years","authors":[{"name":"E. Y. Permiakova"}],"abstract":"Introduction. This work continues the series of articles devoted to the assessment of the main directions of auxology development in Russian anthropology. This part presents and describes the work of the staff of the Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology of Lomonosov Moscow State University, the Department of Anthropology of the Faculty of Biology of Lomonosov Moscow State University, as well as the Russian University Sport (SCOLIPE) and the Federal Science Center of Physical Culture and Sport (VNIIFK). Materials and methods. In this part of the work, articles devoted to the comprehensive assessment of the research of physical development in the context of psychology, psychophysiology, genetics and sports anthropology, which were published in the «Lomonosov Journal of Anthropology (Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin)» from 2009 to 2022 were used as a source of information. Results and discussion. The described works evaluate, firstly, the psychosomatic connections of self-esteem and soma parameters that determine it, as well as the specifics of the processes of growth and adaptation in biological and psychological aspects. Secondly, the intra-group variability of neurophysiological parameters (EEG parameters) and the analysis of their correlations with somatic indicators are considered. Thirdly, the contribution of genetic factors to the development of morphological trait systems, primarily associated with increased body weight and obesity, is evaluated. In addition, the results of studies devoted to the search for predictors of sports success and the analysis of the physical status of athletes of various specializations are presented. Conclusion. The number of works similar to those described in this review is steadily growing every year, which suggests an increasing integrative nature of anthropological research.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.55959/msu2074-8132-24-1-1","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b50f75e3400031a7ab00a7688e0359b0bf0efad8","pdf_url":"https://laj-msu.ru/upload/iblock/8d0/ahnl8alhpreye28d9tc19ozx0a3n7gie/2024_1_Anthr_pp_005_013.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":2,"published_at":"","score":68.06},{"id":"doaj_Susana+Alicia+Salceda+%281946-2024%29","title":"Susana Alicia Salceda (1946-2024)","authors":[{"name":"Marcos Plischuk"},{"name":"Rocío García Mancuso"},{"name":"Bárbara Desántolo"}],"abstract":"","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Anthropology","Physical anthropology. Somatology"],"url":"https://revistas.unlp.edu.ar/raab/article/view/17872","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"arxiv_2410.15238","title":"Economic Anthropology in the Era of Generative Artificial Intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Zachary Sheldon"},{"name":"Peeyush Kumar"}],"abstract":"This paper explores the intersection of economic anthropology and generative artificial intelligence (GenAI). It examines how large language models (LLMs) can simulate human decision-making and the inductive biases present in AI research. The study introduces two AI models: C.A.L.L.O.N. (Conventionally Average Late Liberal ONtology) and M.A.U.S.S. (More Accurate Understanding of Society and its Symbols). The former is trained on standard data, while the latter is adapted with anthropological knowledge. The research highlights how anthropological training can enhance LLMs' ability to recognize diverse economic systems and concepts. The findings suggest that integrating economic anthropology with AI can provide a more pluralistic understanding of economics and improve the sustainability of non-market economic systems.","source":"arXiv","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.AI","econ.GN"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.15238","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2410.15238","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2024-10-20T00:27:33Z","score":68},{"id":"arxiv_2411.05200","title":"Toward Cultural Interpretability: A Linguistic Anthropological Framework for Describing and Evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs)","authors":[{"name":"Graham M. Jones"},{"name":"Shai Satran"},{"name":"Arvind Satyanarayan"}],"abstract":"This article proposes a new integration of linguistic anthropology and machine learning (ML) around convergent interests in both the underpinnings of language and making language technologies more socially responsible. While linguistic anthropology focuses on interpreting the cultural basis for human language use, the ML field of interpretability is concerned with uncovering the patterns that Large Language Models (LLMs) learn from human verbal behavior. Through the analysis of a conversation between a human user and an LLM-powered chatbot, we demonstrate the theoretical feasibility of a new, conjoint field of inquiry, cultural interpretability (CI). By focusing attention on the communicative competence involved in the way human users and AI chatbots co-produce meaning in the articulatory interface of human-computer interaction, CI emphasizes how the dynamic relationship between language and culture makes contextually sensitive, open-ended conversation possible. We suggest that, by examining how LLMs internally \"represent\" relationships between language and culture, CI can: (1) provide insight into long-standing linguistic anthropological questions about the patterning of those relationships; and (2) aid model developers and interface designers in improving value alignment between language models and stylistically diverse speakers and culturally diverse speech communities. Our discussion proposes three critical research axes: relativity, variation, and indexicality.","source":"arXiv","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.CY","cs.CL","cs.HC","cs.LG"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.05200","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2411.05200","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2024-11-07T22:01:50Z","score":68},{"id":"arxiv_2410.20536","title":"Malinowski in the Age of AI: Can large language models create a text game based on an anthropological classic?","authors":[{"name":"Michael Peter Hoffmann"},{"name":"Jan Fillies"},{"name":"Adrian Paschke"}],"abstract":"Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and GPT-4 have shown remarkable abilities in a wide range of tasks such as summarizing texts and assisting in coding. Scientific research has demonstrated that these models can also play text-adventure games. This study aims to explore whether LLMs can autonomously create text-based games based on anthropological classics, evaluating also their effectiveness in communicating knowledge. To achieve this, the study engaged anthropologists in discussions to gather their expectations and design inputs for an anthropologically themed game. Through iterative processes following the established HCI principle of 'design thinking', the prompts and the conceptual framework for crafting these games were refined. Leveraging GPT3.5, the study created three prototypes of games centered around the seminal anthropological work of the social anthropologist's Bronislaw Malinowski's \"Argonauts of the Western Pacific\" (1922). Subsequently, evaluations were conducted by inviting senior anthropologists to playtest these games, and based on their inputs, the game designs were refined. The tests revealed promising outcomes but also highlighted key challenges: the models encountered difficulties in providing in-depth thematic understandings, showed suspectibility to misinformation, tended towards monotonic responses after an extended period of play, and struggled to offer detailed biographical information. Despite these limitations, the study's findings open up new research avenues at the crossroads of artificial intelligence, machine learning, LLMs, ethnography, anthropology and human-computer interaction.","source":"arXiv","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.HC","cs.AI","cs.CY"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.20536","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2410.20536","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2024-10-27T17:59:17Z","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.1017/ehs.2023.10","title":"The shape of lipsmacking: socio-emotional regulation in bearded capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus)","authors":[{"name":"Natalia Albuquerque"},{"name":"Carine Savalli"},{"name":"Marina Belli"},{"name":"Ana Clara Varella"},{"name":"Beatriz Felício"},{"name":"Juliana França"},{"name":"Patrícia Izar"}],"abstract":"Capuchin monkeys have rich social relationships and from very young ages they participate in complex interactions with members of their group. Lipsmacking behaviour, which involves at least two individuals in socially mediated interactions, may tell about processes that maintain, accentuate or attenuate emotional exchanges in monkeys. Lipsmacking is a facial expression associated with the establishment and maintenance of affiliative interactions, following under the ‘emotional regulation’ umbrella, which accounts for the ability to manage behavioural responses. We investigated behaviours related to the emitter and to the receiver (infant) of lipsmacking to answer the question of how lipsmacking occurs. In capuchin monkeys, lipsmacking has been previously understood solely as a face-to-face interaction. Our data show that emitters are engaged with infants, looking longer towards their face and seeking eye contact during the display. However, receivers spend most of the time looking away from the emitter and stay in no contact for nearly half of the time. From naturalistic observations of wild infant capuchin monkeys from Brazil we found that lipsmacking is not restricted to mutual gaze, meaning there are other mechanisms in place than previously known. Our results open paths to new insights about the evolution of socio-emotional displays in primates.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Human evolution","Evolution"],"doi":"10.1017/ehs.2023.10","url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2513843X23000105/type/journal_article","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"arxiv_2301.09884","title":"Physical realization of realignment criteria using structural physical approximation","authors":[{"name":"Shruti Aggarwal"},{"name":"Anu Kumari"},{"name":"Satyabrata Adhikari"}],"abstract":"Entanglement detection is an important problem in quantum information theory because quantum entanglement is a key resource in quantum information processing. Realignment criteria is a powerful tool for detection of entangled states in bipartite and multipartite quantum system. It is an important criteria for entanglement detection because it works well; not only for negative partial transpose entangled states (NPTES) but also for positive partial transpose entangled states (PPTES). Since the matrix corresponding to realignment map is indefinite so the experimental implementation of the map is an obscure task. In this work, firstly, we have approximated the realignment map to a positive map using the method of structural physical approximation (SPA) and then we have shown that the structural physical approximation of realignment map (SPA-R) is completely positive. Positivity of the constructed map is characterized using moments which can be physically measured. Next, we develop a separability criterion based on our SPA-R map in the form of an inequality and have shown that the developed criterion not only detect NPTES but also PPTES. We have provided some examples to support the results obtained. Moreover, we have analysed the error that may occur because of approximating the realignment map.","source":"arXiv","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["quant-ph"],"doi":"10.1103/PhysRevA.108.012422","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.09884","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2301.09884","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2023-01-24T09:41:33Z","score":67},{"id":"ss_46ae3ceae42cd8c180105773a44c4aa6db0a6fa9","title":"Заметки о новом Российском журнале физической антропологии\nNotes on the New Russian Journal of Physical Anthropology","authors":[{"name":"M. M. Gerasimova"},{"name":"N. V. Kharlamova"}],"abstract":"В статье дается обзор первого года жизни нового журнала Института этнологии и антропологии РАН — «Российского журнала физической антропологии». Согласно замыслу главного редактора С. В. Васильева, издание полностью посвящено биологической антропологии и его рубрики отражают направления данной науки. В первую очередь это — эволюционная антропология, включающая морфологию ископаемых останков, палеоневрологию, палео‑генетические исследования, проблемы палеолитоведения, приматологии и приматогенеза, этологии приматов, таксономии. Затем рубрика возрастной и конституциональной антропологии, а также проблем биологической адаптации и микроэволюционных процессов. Современные направления исследований также представляют палеодемография, палеодиетология, палеопатология и наиболее созвучная тематике Института рубрика, посвященная антропологическому составу древнего и современного населения Земного шара и реконструкции древних и современных локальных этногенезов. The article presents an overview of the first year of a new journal — the Russian Journal of Physical Anthropology headed by Professor Sergey Vasilyev and published by the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. This journal publishes original research, theoretical articles and brief communications in the interdisciplinary field of Physical Anthropology. According to the idea of the Editor‑in‑Chief S. V. Vasilyev, the topics of the journal reflect the key subfields of Physical Anthropology. First of all, this is human evolution, including the morphology of human fossils, paleoneurology, paleogenetic studies, problems of palaeolithology, primatology and primatogenesis, primate ethology and taxonomy. Then these are auxology and constitutional anthropology, problems of biological adaptation and microevolutionary processes, modern areas of research (paleodemography, paleodietology, paleopathology) and the subfield most consonant with the scientific research of the Institute — the anthropological characteristics of past and present human communities and the reconstruction of ancient and modern local ethnogenetic processes.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.33876/2311-0546/2023-2/325-332","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/46ae3ceae42cd8c180105773a44c4aa6db0a6fa9","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.33876/2311-0546/2023-2/325-332","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"arxiv_2205.00843","title":"Quantum entanglement and anthropology","authors":[{"name":"Ujjwal Sen"}],"abstract":"We find that the set of local quantum operations and classical communication for multiparty quantum states can be considered as analogous to online meetings between members of a population. Moreover, monotonicity properties of quantum and classical correlations of quantum states of shared systems also carry over to relations between members of the population, giving rise to what may be termed as a second law of anthropology.","source":"arXiv","year":2022,"language":"en","subjects":["physics.soc-ph","quant-ph"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.00843","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.00843","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2022-03-31T11:30:00Z","score":66},{"id":"arxiv_2209.02811","title":"Use and Misuse of Machine Learning in Anthropology","authors":[{"name":"Jeff Calder"},{"name":"Reed Coil"},{"name":"Annie Melton"},{"name":"Peter J. Olver"},{"name":"Gilbert Tostevin"},{"name":"Katrina Yezzi-Woodley"}],"abstract":"Machine learning (ML), being now widely accessible to the research community at large, has fostered a proliferation of new and striking applications of these emergent mathematical techniques across a wide range of disciplines. In this paper, we will focus on a particular case study: the field of paleoanthropology, which seeks to understand the evolution of the human species based on biological and cultural evidence. As we will show, the easy availability of ML algorithms and lack of expertise on their proper use among the anthropological research community has led to foundational misapplications that have appeared throughout the literature. The resulting unreliable results not only undermine efforts to legitimately incorporate ML into anthropological research, but produce potentially faulty understandings about our human evolutionary and behavioral past.   The aim of this paper is to provide a brief introduction to some of the ways in which ML has been applied within paleoanthropology; we also include a survey of some basic ML algorithms for those who are not fully conversant with the field, which remains under active development. We discuss a series of missteps, errors, and violations of correct protocols of ML methods that appear disconcertingly often within the accumulating body of anthropological literature. These mistakes include use of outdated algorithms and practices; inappropriate train/test splits, sample composition, and textual explanations; as well as an absence of transparency due to the lack of data/code sharing, and the subsequent limitations imposed on independent replication. We assert that expanding samples, sharing data and code, re-evaluating approaches to peer review, and, most importantly, developing interdisciplinary teams that include experts in ML are all necessary for progress in future research incorporating ML within anthropology.","source":"arXiv","year":2022,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.LG","cs.CV"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.02811","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2209.02811","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2022-09-06T20:32:24Z","score":66},{"id":"ss_5036e0db8cdcdb05e46d04b71b71f7080a0423b1","title":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology: Cover \u0026 Editorial Board","authors":null,"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2022,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24308","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5036e0db8cdcdb05e46d04b71b71f7080a0423b1","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66},{"id":"doaj_10.1017/ehs.2021.28","title":"Permutation test applied to lexical reconstructions partially supports the Altaic linguistic macrofamily","authors":[{"name":"Alexei S. Kassian"},{"name":"George Starostin"},{"name":"Ilya M. Egorov"},{"name":"Ekaterina S. Logunova"},{"name":"Anna V. Dybo"}],"abstract":"In this paper, we present the results of our analysis of the 110-item basic wordlists for four reconstructed and one ancient languages, the linguistic ancestors of five language families which are hypothesized to constitute the Altaic (a.k.a. Transeurasian) macrofamily: Proto-Turkic, Proto-Mongolic, Proto-Tungusic, Middle Korean and Proto-Japonic wordlists. Protolanguage wordlists were reconstructed according to strict criteria of semantic reconstruction, based on accurate semantic glossing of forms in daughter languages. Each involved form was encoded into a bi-consonantal CC-shaped sequence using the consonant class method, after which a recently developed weighted permutation test was applied. In a typical situation, our algorithm makes a small number of type 1 errors (false positive), but the number of type 2 errors (false negative) can be substantial. Our main finding is that pairs between the Nuclear Altaic taxa – Turkic, Mongolic and Tungusic – as well as the Turkic-Japonic and Tungusic-Japonic pairs demonstrate significant p-values. In some cases, this can be attributed to either ancient contacts or genealogical relationships, but at least for the Turkic–Japonic pair, a contact scenario is unlikely owing to geographical remoteness.","source":"DOAJ","year":2021,"language":"","subjects":["Human evolution","Evolution"],"doi":"10.1017/ehs.2021.28","url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2513843X21000281/type/journal_article","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65},{"id":"arxiv_2111.15661","title":"Open Data and Quantitative Techniques for Anthropology of Road Traffic","authors":[{"name":"Ajda Pretnar Žagar"},{"name":"Tomaž Hočevar"},{"name":"Tomaž Curk"}],"abstract":"What kind of questions about human mobility can computational analysis help answer? How to translate the findings into anthropology? We analyzed a publicly available data set of road traffic counters in Slovenia to answer these questions. The data reveals interesting information on how a nation drives, how it travels for tourism, which locations it prefers, what it does during the week and the weekend, and how its habits change during the year. We conducted the empirical analysis in two parts. First, we defined interesting traffic spots and designed computational methods to find them in a large data set. As shown in the paper, traffic counters hint at potential causes and effects in driving practices that we can interpret anthropologically. Second, we used clustering to find groups of similar traffic counters as described by their daily profiles. Clustering revealed the main features of road traffic in Slovenia. Using the two quantitative approaches, we outline the general properties of road traffic in the country and identify and explain interesting outliers. We show that quantitative data analysis only partially answers anthropological questions, but it can be a valuable tool for preliminary research. We conclude that open data are a useful component in an anthropological analysis and that quantitative discovery of small local events can help us pinpoint future fieldwork sites.","source":"arXiv","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.CY"],"doi":"10.1140/epjds/s13688-023-00396-4","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.15661","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2111.15661","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2021-11-30T18:50:30Z","score":65},{"id":"arxiv_2102.03341","title":"Challenges in Digital Twin Development for Cyber-Physical Production Systems","authors":[{"name":"Heejong Park"},{"name":"Arvind Easwaran"},{"name":"Sidharta Andalam"}],"abstract":"The recent advancement of information and communication technology makes digitalisation of an entire manufacturing shop-floor possible where physical processes are tightly intertwined with their cyber counterparts. This led to an emergence of a concept of digital twin, which is a realistic virtual copy of a physical object. Digital twin will be the key technology in Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS) and its market is expected to grow significantly in the coming years. Nevertheless, digital twin is still relatively a new concept that people have different perspectives on its requirements, capabilities, and limitations. To better understand an effect of digital twin's operations, mitigate complexity of capturing dynamics of physical phenomena, and improve analysis and predictability, it is important to have a development tool with a strong semantic foundation that can accurately model, simulate, and synthesise the digital twin. This paper reviews current state-of-art on tools and developments of digital twin in manufacturing and discusses potential design challenges.","source":"arXiv","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.SE"],"doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-23703-5_2","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.03341","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.03341","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2021-02-04T02:09:02Z","score":65}],"total":2630957,"page":1,"page_size":20,"sources":["DOAJ","arXiv","Semantic Scholar","CrossRef"],"query":"Physical anthropology. Somatology"}