{"results":[{"id":"ss_e4ce87b01cf1acf37998260466ef4b926c39bf61","title":"Delivering a net zero National Health Service: where does otorhinolaryngology – head and neck surgery stand?","authors":[{"name":"D. Spinos"},{"name":"Jayesh R. Doshi"},{"name":"George Garas"}],"abstract":"Abstract Objective The National Health Service (NHS) recognised the risk to public health brought by climate change by launching the Greener NHS National Programme in 2020. These organisational changes aim to attain net zero direct carbon emissions. This article reviews the literature on initiatives aimed at mitigating the environmental impact of ENT practice. Method Systematic review of the literature using scientific, healthcare and general interest (public domain) databases. Results The initiatives reviewed can be broken down into strategies for mitigating the carbon footprint of long patient stay, use of operative theatres and healthcare travel. The carbon footprint of in-patient stay can be mitigated by a shift towards day-case surgery. The ENT community is currently focused on the reduction of theatre waste and the use of disposable instruments. Furthermore, supply chains and healthcare delivery models are being redesigned to reduce travel. Conclusion Future areas of development include designing waterless theatre scrubs, waste-trapping technologies for anaesthetic gases and a continuing investment in virtual healthcare.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1017/S0022215123001780","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e4ce87b01cf1acf37998260466ef4b926c39bf61","is_open_access":true,"citations":119,"published_at":"","score":70.57},{"id":"doaj_10.3389/fauot.2026.1767944","title":"Case Report: Vestibular cortex morphometry in Usher Syndrome: a case-based study","authors":[{"name":"Ana Margarida Amorim"},{"name":"Ana Margarida Amorim"},{"name":"Daniela Jardim Pereira"},{"name":"Daniela Jardim Pereira"},{"name":"Gonçalo Félix"},{"name":"Gonçalo Félix"},{"name":"João Lemos"},{"name":"João Lemos"},{"name":"João Carlos Ribeiro"},{"name":"João Carlos Ribeiro"}],"abstract":"Background and objectivesThe vestibular cortex is a critical component of a complex, distributed network supporting balance and spatial orientation. Despite its importance, the impact of vestibular loss on vestibular cortex structure in conditions associated with bilateral vestibular failure remains largely unexplored. Usher Syndrome (USH), a genetic disorder causing deafness, vestibular dysfunction, and visual impairment, offers a unique model to investigate these effects. This study explores the existence of potential changes on vestibular cortex morphometry of two USH patients, one with mild (type 2) (USH2) and the other with severe bilateral vestibular impairment (type 1) (USH1), respectively.MethodsOne USH1 and one USH2 patient underwent comprehensive evaluations of vestibular function (calorics, video Head Impulse Test (vHIT), Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (VEMPs), and posturography), auditory function (audiometry), and brain structure using MRI volumetry. MRI was analyzed using the VolBrain platform to quantify gray matter volume (GMV) in regions associated with vestibular function and plasticity (insula, parietal operculum, precuneus, hippocampus, occipital gyrus, lingual gyrus, and cerebellar lobule X). A descriptive analysis of clinical and paraclinical findings was performed.ResultsUSH1 patient exhibited increased GMV in the left precuneus and marked asymmetry index between the right and left posterior insula volume. USH2 patient showed no significant differences in these regions. There was no volume reduction in hippocampal GMV in neither patient, despite the presence of bilateral vestibular loss in USH1. Both patients exhibited reduced GMV in cerebellar lobule X and heterogeneous occipital gyri, asymmetries.ConclusionsVestibular cortex morphometry appears to reflect functional differences between USH subtypes, distinguishing USH1 and USH2. The preserved hippocampal volume in USH1 suggests compensatory neuroplasticity in early-onset deprivation. Heterogeneous visual cortex findings and cerebellar atrophy highlight the complex interplay between multisensory deprivation and brain plasticity and warrants further investigation. This analysis emphasizes the need for an exhaustive evaluation of the impact of multisensory deprivation on the vestibular cortex in a larger number of USH patients in order to support our exploratory data. A clearer understanding of the vestibular network could improve treatment strategies for vestibular disorders, enhancing patient quality of life.","source":"DOAJ","year":2026,"language":"","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.3389/fauot.2026.1767944","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fauot.2026.1767944/full","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":70},{"id":"ss_addae7215b9a242dd05a8d06bcca1131b1fd05c5","title":"Artificial intelligence in otorhinolaryngology: current trends and application areas","authors":[{"name":"Emre Demir"},{"name":"B. Uğurlu"},{"name":"Gülay Aktar Uğurlu"},{"name":"G. Aydoğdu"}],"abstract":"This study aims to perform a bibliometric analysis of scientific research on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of Otorhinolaryngology (ORL), with a specific focus on identifying emerging AI trend topics within this discipline. A total of 498 articles on AI in ORL, published between 1982 and 2024, were retrieved from the Web of Science database. Various bibliometric techniques, including trend keyword analysis and factor analysis, were applied to analyze the data. The most prolific journal was the European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology (n = 67). The USA (n = 200) and China (n = 61) were the most productive countries in AI-related ORL research. The most productive institutions were Harvard University / Harvard Medical School (n = 71). The leading authors in this field were Lechien JR. (n = 18) and Rameau A. (n = 17). The most frequently used keywords in the AI research were cochlear implant, head and neck cancer, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hearing loss, patient education, diagnosis, radiomics, surgery, hearing aids, laryngology ve otitis media. Recent trends in otorhinolaryngology research reflect a dynamic focus, progressing from hearing-related technologies such as hearing aids and cochlear implants in earlier years, to diagnostic innovations like audiometry, psychoacoustics, and narrow band imaging. The emphasis has recently shifted toward advanced applications of MRI, radiomics, and computed tomography (CT) for conditions such as head and neck cancer, chronic rhinosinusitis, laryngology, and otitis media. Additionally, increasing attention has been given to patient education, quality of life, and prognosis, underscoring a holistic approach to diagnosis, surgery, and treatment in otorhinolaryngology. AI has significantly impacted the field of ORL, especially in diagnostic imaging and therapeutic planning. With advancements in MRI and CT-based technologies, AI has proven to enhance disease detection and management. The future of AI in ORL suggests a promising path toward improving clinical decision-making, patient care, and healthcare efficiency.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1007/s00405-025-09272-5","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/addae7215b9a242dd05a8d06bcca1131b1fd05c5","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-025-09272-5","is_open_access":true,"citations":25,"published_at":"","score":69.75},{"id":"ss_c764d47943388df1060cb3e1e84d3cbf7c62c139","title":"Comparative Analysis of Information Quality in Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology: Clinicians, Residents, and Large Language Models","authors":[{"name":"E. Trecca"},{"name":"V. Caponio"},{"name":"M. Turri‐Zanoni"},{"name":"A. M. di Lullo"},{"name":"M. Gaffuri"},{"name":"J. Lechien"},{"name":"A. Maniaci"},{"name":"Giuseppe Maruccio"},{"name":"Marella Reale"},{"name":"I. C. Visconti"},{"name":"V. Dallari"}],"abstract":"Pediatric otorhinolaryngology (ORL) addresses complex conditions in children, requiring a tailored approach for patients and families. With artificial intelligence (AI) gaining traction in medical applications, this study evaluates the quality of information provided by large language models (LLMs) in comparison to clinicians, identifying strengths and limitations in the field of pediatric ORL.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1002/ohn.1225","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c764d47943388df1060cb3e1e84d3cbf7c62c139","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ohn.1225","is_open_access":true,"citations":9,"published_at":"","score":69.27000000000001},{"id":"arxiv_2508.06182","title":"Clinically-guided Data Synthesis for Laryngeal Lesion Detection","authors":[{"name":"Chiara Baldini"},{"name":"Kaisar Kushibar"},{"name":"Richard Osuala"},{"name":"Simone Balocco"},{"name":"Oliver Diaz"},{"name":"Karim Lekadir"},{"name":"Leonardo S. Mattos"}],"abstract":"Although computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) and detection (CADe) systems have made significant progress in various medical domains, their application is still limited in specialized fields such as otorhinolaryngology. In the latter, current assessment methods heavily depend on operator expertise, and the high heterogeneity of lesions complicates diagnosis, with biopsy persisting as the gold standard despite its substantial costs and risks. A critical bottleneck for specialized endoscopic CADx/e systems is the lack of well-annotated datasets with sufficient variability for real-world generalization. This study introduces a novel approach that exploits a Latent Diffusion Model (LDM) coupled with a ControlNet adapter to generate laryngeal endoscopic image-annotation pairs, guided by clinical observations. The method addresses data scarcity by conditioning the diffusion process to produce realistic, high-quality, and clinically relevant image features that capture diverse anatomical conditions. The proposed approach can be leveraged to expand training datasets for CADx/e models, empowering the assessment process in laryngology. Indeed, during a downstream task of detection, the addition of only 10% synthetic data improved the detection rate of laryngeal lesions by 9% when the model was internally tested and 22.1% on out-of-domain external data. Additionally, the realism of the generated images was evaluated by asking 5 expert otorhinolaryngologists with varying expertise to rate their confidence in distinguishing synthetic from real images. This work has the potential to accelerate the development of automated tools for laryngeal disease diagnosis, offering a solution to data scarcity and demonstrating the applicability of synthetic data in real-world scenarios.","source":"arXiv","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["eess.IV","cs.CV"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06182","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.06182","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2025-08-08T09:55:54Z","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.1002/lio2.70250","title":"Topical Anesthesia and Olfactory Capability: A Pilot Study","authors":[{"name":"Maxime Fieux"},{"name":"Esther Wang"},{"name":"David T. Liu"},{"name":"Zara M. Patel"}],"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction Topical anesthesia (TA) of the nasal fossa has been shown to be sufficient for patient comfort during nasal endoscopy. However, investigators need to know how soon after the administration of TA they can accurately evaluate olfactory capability. Thus, the main aim of this study was to assess, in healthy volunteers (HV), when the effects of TA wear off to accurately measure olfactory capability after its administration. Methods A prospective, single‐center, pilot study was conducted to evaluate the duration of the effect of TA on olfactory capability, using the UPSIT. Thirty healthy volunteers were recruited and analyzed. Following baseline testing (UPSIT), TA was administered intranasally (lidocaine + oxymetazoline). Then, participants underwent three additional UPSIT evaluations at distinct time points: immediately post‐application (T0), 10 min (T + 10), and 30 min post‐application (T + 30). The primary outcome was the change in UPSIT score from baseline to each subsequent time point. Paired t‐tests were applied to compare within‐subject score differences across time points. Significance was defined as p \u003c 0.05, and the R software was used. Results For the 30 HV included, the mean UPSIT at T0 was 32.8 ± 3.1. At T1, the mean UPSIT (29.6 ± 4.0) was significantly lower than at T0 (3.13 ± 3.7‐point, p \u003c 0.0001). At T2, the mean UPSIT was 31.7 ± 4.2, without any significant difference from T0 (−1.03 ± 3.5‐point, p = 0.350). At T3, the mean UPSIT was 31.7 ± 3.1, without any significant difference compared to T0 (−1.07 ± 2.6‐point, p = 0.067). Regarding subgroup analysis between healthy volunteers with or without ITH, their own perception of smell and UPSIT were significantly different. Conclusion Immediately after receiving 4 sprays per nostril, the mean UPSIT—with testing begun directly after the spray was administered—was significantly lower than baseline, dropping under the threshold for normal olfactory function. It was fully recovered by ten min. Level of Evidence 3.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Otorhinolaryngology","Surgery"],"doi":"10.1002/lio2.70250","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70250","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.1002/ccr3.70050","title":"Herpetic Meningoencephalitis Complicating the Resection of a Vestibular Schwannoma: A Case Report","authors":[{"name":"Jérôme Houdu"},{"name":"Maxime Barron"},{"name":"Thierry Civit"},{"name":"Cécile Parietti‐Winkler"}],"abstract":"ABSTRACT After surgery involving cranial nerves and more generally the central nervous system, nonbacterial meningitis should raise suspicion of herpes simplex virus type 1 reactivation. No time should be wasted in diagnosis and treatment; therefore, a polymerase chain reaction testing on cerebrospinal fluid should be systematic in this situation, without neglecting to consider other differential diagnoses.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Medicine","Medicine (General)"],"doi":"10.1002/ccr3.70050","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.70050","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.1016/j.jhlto.2025.100261","title":"A pre- and post-operative protocol for assessment of voice and swallowing function in patients undergoing heart or lung transplantation","authors":[{"name":"Rebecca Black, BApSc, Speech Pathologist(SP)"},{"name":"Duy Duong Nguyen, MD PhD"},{"name":"Anna Miles, PhD"},{"name":"Daniel Novakovic, MBBS, FRACS, MPH"},{"name":"Marshall Plit, Prof., MBBS, FRACP, PhD"},{"name":"Peter MacDonald, Prof. MBBS, FRACP, PhD, MD, FCANZ"},{"name":"Catherine Madill, BAppSc (SP), BA, PhD"}],"abstract":"Background: Oropharyngeal dysphagia and laryngeal dysfunction are complications of lung and heart transplantation. However, there is a lack of understanding around pre-operative function and an absence of standardized assessment protocols. We aimed to trial a pre- and post-operative protocol for assessing voice and swallowing function. Method: A prospective, longitudinal study of 14 adults undergoing investigation for lung or heart transplantation was conducted at a tertiary referral hospital. Patients were assessed pre-surgery and up to 6 months afterwards. The protocol involved phonation tasks with auditory-perceptual and acoustic analysis, videolaryngostroboscopy, a flexible endoscopic examination of swallowing and patient reported quality of life measures. Risk factors and clinical outcomes were extracted from patient records. Results: Patient self-reports of swallowing and voice difficulties were elevated pre-operatively. No evidence of swallowing difficulty was observed under endoscopic examination pre-transplant (Penetration-Aspiration Scale score \u003c2; no accumulated secretions) and only one patient presented with incomplete glottic closure. Auditory perceptual ratings revealed voices were largely within the healthy range at baseline. One out of five patients presented with severe dysphonia post-operatively. Completion of evaluation measures prior to transplantation was 79% but post- operative rates were low due to feasibility challenges with follow up in this complex population. Conclusion: Novel evidence of self-reported pre-transplant voice and swallowing changes indicate value in baseline screening. Discrepancies between patient-report and instrumental assessment results highlight the need for multi-faceted evaluation. Large cohort studies are needed to determine the salient evaluation measures and time points for voice and swallowing assessment in this population.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Surgery","Specialties of internal medicine"],"doi":"10.1016/j.jhlto.2025.100261","url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950133425000564","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.3389/fonc.2025.1518587","title":"Identification and prognostic analysis of propionate metabolism-related genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","authors":[{"name":"Shitong Zhou"},{"name":"Shitong Zhou"},{"name":"Yu Jiang"},{"name":"Panhui Xiong"},{"name":"Zhongwan Li"},{"name":"Lifeng Jia"},{"name":"Wei Yuan"},{"name":"Xiufu Liao"},{"name":"Xiang An"},{"name":"Jie Hu"},{"name":"Rui Luo"},{"name":"Hailan Mo"},{"name":"Hongyan Fang"},{"name":"Yucheng Yang"}],"abstract":"IntroductionHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy with poor overall prognosis. Recent studies have suggested that propionate metabolism-related genes (PMRGs) may play key roles in tumor progression and immune regulation, yet their functions in HNSCC remain unclear.MethodsTranscriptomic data from 502 HNSCC tumor samples and 44 normal tissue samples were obtained from the UCSC Xena database as the training set. Two independent datasets (GSE41613 and GSE6631) from the GEO database were used for validation. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), key module genes identified via weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and PMRGs were intersected to identify candidate genes. A prognostic model was constructed using Cox regression and LASSO analysis. Immune infiltration, somatic mutations, and drug sensitivity were compared between high- and low-risk groups. Gene expression was further validated by RT-qPCR using clinical samples.ResultsA total of 42 intersecting genes were identified, and four feature genes (PRKAA2, SLC7A5, GRIP2, CHGB) were selected to build the prognostic model. The model effectively stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups with significant survival differences in both the training and validation cohorts. The high-risk group exhibited marked differences in immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint expression, and cancer immune cycle activity. Mutation burden and drug sensitivity also varied significantly between risk groups. A nomogram combining risk score and pathological N stage showed strong predictive performance.DiscussionThis study highlights the potential role of PMRGs in immune regulation and tumor progression in HNSCC. The proposed four-gene signature provides a novel tool for prognosis prediction and offers new insights for risk stratification and individualized therapy. Further multicenter validation and mechanistic studies are warranted.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens"],"doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1518587","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1518587/full","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"ss_d056d879a8744ef436287a0c1379f28c928ac221","title":"Exploring the role of ChatGPT in clinical decision-making in otorhinolaryngology: a ChatGPT designed study","authors":[{"name":"F. Teixeira-Marques"},{"name":"Nuno Medeiros"},{"name":"Francisco Nazaré"},{"name":"Sandra Alves"},{"name":"N. Lima"},{"name":"Leandro Ribeiro"},{"name":"Rita Gama"},{"name":"Pedro Oliveira"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1007/s00405-024-08498-z","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d056d879a8744ef436287a0c1379f28c928ac221","is_open_access":true,"citations":29,"published_at":"","score":68.87},{"id":"ss_f30bdae6adffb007f87da03883366eddb75011db","title":"ChatGPT vs UpToDate: comparative study of usefulness and reliability of Chatbot in common clinical presentations of otorhinolaryngology–head and neck surgery","authors":[{"name":"Ziya Karimov"},{"name":"Irshad Allahverdiyev"},{"name":"Ozlem Yagiz Agayarov"},{"name":"D. Demir"},{"name":"E. Almuradova"}],"abstract":"Purpose The usage of Chatbots as a kind of Artificial Intelligence in medicine is getting to increase in recent years. UpToDate® is another well-known search tool established on evidence-based knowledge and is used daily by doctors worldwide. In this study, we aimed to investigate the usefulness and reliability of ChatGPT compared to UpToDate in Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery (ORL–HNS). Materials and methods ChatGPT-3.5 and UpToDate were interrogated for the management of 25 common clinical case scenarios (13 males/12 females) recruited from literature considering the daily observation at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Ege University Faculty of Medicine. Scientific references for the management were requested for each clinical case. The accuracy of the references in the ChatGPT answers was assessed on a 0–2 scale and the usefulness of the ChatGPT and UpToDate answers was assessed with 1–3 scores by reviewers. UpToDate and ChatGPT 3.5 responses were compared. Results ChatGPT did not give references in some questions in contrast to UpToDate. Information on the ChatGPT was limited to 2021. UpToDate supported the paper with subheadings, tables, figures, and algorithms. The mean accuracy score of references in ChatGPT answers was 0.25–weak/unrelated. The median ( Q 1– Q 3) was 1.00 (1.25–2.00) for ChatGPT and 2.63 (2.75–3.00) for UpToDate, the difference was statistically significant ( p \u003c  0.001). UpToDate was observed more useful and reliable than ChatGPT. Conclusions ChatGPT has the potential to support the physicians to find out the information but our results suggest that ChatGPT needs to be improved to increase the usefulness and reliability of medical evidence-based knowledge.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1007/s00405-023-08423-w","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f30bdae6adffb007f87da03883366eddb75011db","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00405-023-08423-w.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":21,"published_at":"","score":68.63},{"id":"ss_ed11cc8ed76b96dec1b42a0cc926dea4b29dab0b","title":"A Comprehensive Review on Biofilms in Otorhinolaryngology: Understanding the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment Strategies","authors":[{"name":"Ayushi Ghosh Moulic"},{"name":"Prasad T Deshmukh"},{"name":"S. Gaurkar"}],"abstract":"Biofilms, structured communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced matrix, pose significant challenges in otorhinolaryngology due to their role in chronic and recurrent infections affecting the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) region. This review provides an overview of biofilms, emphasizing their formation, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment strategies in otorhinolaryngological disorders. Biofilms are pivotal in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), otitis media, laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), and tonsillitis, contributing to treatment resistance and disease recurrence. Current diagnostic techniques, including imaging modalities, microbiological cultures, and molecular techniques, are discussed, alongside emerging technologies. Treatment strategies, ranging from conventional antibiotics to alternative therapies, such as biofilm disruptors, phage therapy, and immunomodulation, are evaluated in terms of their efficacy and potential clinical applications. The review underscores the significance of understanding biofilms in otorhinolaryngology and highlights the need for tailored approaches to diagnosis and management to improve patient outcomes.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.7759/cureus.57634","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ed11cc8ed76b96dec1b42a0cc926dea4b29dab0b","pdf_url":"https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/review_article/pdf/241612/20240405-24885-11ajnfu.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":13,"published_at":"","score":68.39},{"id":"ss_237000d4b51f8df4fdae8e819c5b032ed98ea690","title":"Validity of the large language model ChatGPT (GPT4) as a patient information source in otolaryngology by a variety of doctors in a tertiary otorhinolaryngology department","authors":[{"name":"Jacob P. S. Nielsen"},{"name":"C. von Buchwald"},{"name":"Christian Grønhøj"}],"abstract":"Abstract Background A high number of patients seek health information online, and large language models (LLMs) may produce a rising amount of it. Aim This study evaluates the performance regarding health information provided by ChatGPT, a LLM developed by OpenAI, focusing on its utility as a source for otolaryngology-related patient information. Material and method A variety of doctors from a tertiary otorhinolaryngology department used a Likert scale to assess the chatbot’s responses in terms of accuracy, relevance, and depth. The responses were also evaluated by ChatGPT. Results The composite mean of the three categories was 3.41, with the highest performance noted in the relevance category (mean = 3.71) when evaluated by the respondents. The accuracy and depth categories yielded mean scores of 3.51 and 3.00, respectively. All the categories were rated as 5 when evaluated by ChatGPT. Conclusion and significance Despite its potential in providing relevant and accurate medical information, the chatbot’s responses lacked depth and were found to potentially perpetuate biases due to its training on publicly available text. In conclusion, while LLMs show promise in healthcare, further refinement is necessary to enhance response depth and mitigate potential biases.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1080/00016489.2023.2254809","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/237000d4b51f8df4fdae8e819c5b032ed98ea690","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00016489.2023.2254809?needAccess=true","is_open_access":true,"citations":46,"published_at":"","score":68.38},{"id":"ss_27dc7cc8e819f60f67eff9ec2095a870a9eb2e91","title":"Challenges and directions for digital twin implementation in otorhinolaryngology","authors":[{"name":"Alexandre Vallée"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1007/s00405-024-08662-5","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/27dc7cc8e819f60f67eff9ec2095a870a9eb2e91","is_open_access":true,"citations":12,"published_at":"","score":68.36},{"id":"ss_716b95f3c0844843414383d22e27eaa3d224e7e4","title":"Local Allergic Rhinitis—A Challenge for Allergology and Otorhinolaryngology Cooperation (Scoping Review)","authors":[{"name":"O. Berghi"},{"name":"M. Dumitru"},{"name":"R. Cergan"},{"name":"G. Muşat"},{"name":"Crenguta Serboiu"},{"name":"Daniela Vrînceanu"}],"abstract":"Local allergic rhinitis (LAR) represents a medical provocation for allergists and otorhinolaryngologists. LAR is considered to be a subtype of allergic rhinitis (AR) that affects a great percentage of patients who were, for decades, diagnosed as having chronic non-allergic rhinitis. The clinical picture is represented by rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal itching correlated with specific pollen season or dust, mold, or pet interior exposure. Usual assessment of AR (skin prick testing and serum IgE assessment) produces negative results. Specialized centers in allergology and ENT around the globe use a nasal allergen challenge, assessment of local IgE, basophil activation test (BAT), and nasal cytology in the diagnostic approach to the disease, taking into account their current limitations. The impact of LAR on quality-of-life indicators is the same as in AR. Treatment for LAR is similar to that for AR and is the same as for AR: allergen exposure avoidance, drug therapy, and allergen immunotherapy. This scoping review gathers the current up-to-date open access evidence available on PubMed on the subject of LAR.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.3390/life14080965","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/716b95f3c0844843414383d22e27eaa3d224e7e4","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/8/965/pdf?version=1722408366","is_open_access":true,"citations":12,"published_at":"","score":68.36},{"id":"ss_cbaf79b6d312ef18faff83fb0ddaf7f248aa665f","title":"Evaluating the Performance of ChatGPT, Gemini, and Bing Compared with Resident Surgeons in the Otorhinolaryngology In-service Training Examination","authors":[{"name":"Utku Mete"}],"abstract":"Objective Large language models (LLMs) are used in various fields for their ability to produce human-like text. They are particularly useful in medical education, aiding clinical management skills and exam preparation for residents. To evaluate and compare the performance of ChatGPT (GPT-4), Gemini, and Bing with each other and with otorhinolaryngology residents in answering in-service training exam questions and provide insights into the usefulness of these models in medical education and healthcare. Methods Eight otorhinolaryngology in-service training exams were used for comparison. 316 questions were prepared from the Resident Training Textbook of the Turkish Society of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. These questions were presented to the three artificial intelligence models. The exam results were evaluated to determine the accuracy of both models and residents. Results GPT-4 achieved the highest accuracy among the LLMs at 54.75% (GPT-4 vs. Gemini p=0.002, GPT-4 vs. Bing p\u003c0.001), followed by Gemini at 40.50% and Bing at 37.00% (Gemini vs. Bing p=0.327). However, senior residents outperformed all LLMs and other residents with an accuracy rate of 75.5% (p\u003c0.001). The LLMs could only compete with junior residents. GPT-4 and Gemini performed similarly to juniors, whose accuracy level was 46.90% (p=0.058 and p=0.120, respectively). However, juniors still outperformed Bing (p=0.019). Conclusion The LLMs currently have limitations in achieving the same medical accuracy as senior and mid-level residents. However, they outperform in specific subspecialties, indicating the potential usefulness in certain medical fields.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.4274/tao.2024.3.5","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cbaf79b6d312ef18faff83fb0ddaf7f248aa665f","pdf_url":"https://d2v96fxpocvxx.cloudfront.net/new/1dda20c2-8b22-466b-a98e-85ecfb39ceaf/articles/tao.2024.3.5/5-2024-3-5-ayda.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":10,"published_at":"","score":68.3},{"id":"ss_ca41d50ca859aa28a3a77ee75d3ea76c27357380","title":"Foreign Bodies in Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology: A Review","authors":[{"name":"Ivan Paladin"},{"name":"Ivan Mizdrak"},{"name":"Mirko Gabelica"},{"name":"Nikolina Golec Parčina"},{"name":"Ivan Mimica"},{"name":"Franko Batinović"}],"abstract":"Foreign bodies (FBs) in pediatric otorhinolaryngology represent up to 10% of cases in emergency departments (ED) and are primarily present in children under five years old. They are probably the result of children’s curiosity and tendency to explore the environment. Aural and nasal FBs are the most common and accessible, and the removal methods differ depending on the exact location and type of FB, which can be organic or inorganic. A fish bone stuck in one of the palatine tonsils is the most common pharyngeal FB. Laryngopharyngeal FBs can obstruct the upper respiratory tract and thus become acutely life-threatening, requiring an urgent response. Aspiration of FBs is common in children between 1 and 4 years old. A history of coughing and choking is an indication of diagnostic and therapeutic methods to rule out or confirm a tracheobronchial FB. Regardless of the availability of radiological diagnostics, rigid bronchoscopy is the diagnostic and therapeutic method of choice in symptomatic cases. Radiological diagnostics are more significant in treating esophageal FBs since most are radiopaque. Flexible or rigid esophagoscopy is a successful method of removal. A delayed diagnosis, as with tracheobronchial FBs, can lead to fatal consequences.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.3390/pediatric16020042","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ca41d50ca859aa28a3a77ee75d3ea76c27357380","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7503/16/2/42/pdf?version=1718783425","is_open_access":true,"citations":7,"published_at":"","score":68.21000000000001},{"id":"ss_c2ecf99f7ee251b4eac4974c0bbf2ea5724a0ccf","title":"Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine in the Field of Otorhinolaryngology","authors":[{"name":"Se-Young Oh"},{"name":"Ha Yeong Kim"},{"name":"S. Jung"},{"name":"H. Kim"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1007/s13770-024-00661-1","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c2ecf99f7ee251b4eac4974c0bbf2ea5724a0ccf","is_open_access":true,"citations":6,"published_at":"","score":68.18},{"id":"ss_5f52262090d5c421bb55d26bb6e02b7783d89ac3","title":"Writing in the European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology Head \u0026 Neck Diseases. Dos and Don'ts!","authors":[{"name":"C. Righini"},{"name":"O. Laccourreye"},{"name":"N. Fakhry"},{"name":"V. Franco-Vidal"},{"name":"N. Leboulanger"},{"name":"Q. Lisan"},{"name":"T. Radulesco"},{"name":"C. Rumeau"},{"name":"S. Schmerber"},{"name":"F. Simon"},{"name":"H. Thaï Van"},{"name":"S. Vergez"},{"name":"C. Vincent"},{"name":"R. Jankowski"}],"abstract":"Too many articles are still rejected by scientific medical journals due to lack of preparation of the manuscript and of knowledge of the modern editorial rules that govern scientific medical writing. Therefore, the editorial board of the European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology Heads \u0026 Neck Diseases summarized studies published by its members since 2020 in the columns of the scientific journal of the French Society of Otorhinolaryngology and the International Francophone Society of Otorhinolaryngology and data from the PubMed indexed literature dedicated to scientific medical writing in otolaryngology in the 21st century. The authors hope that this review, in the form of a list of \"Dos and Don'ts\", will provide authors with a practical guide facilitating publication of rigorous, reproducible and transparent scientific studies, in accordance with the movement toward better science that society as a whole has been fighting for since the beginning of this century.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1016/j.anorl.2023.09.005","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5f52262090d5c421bb55d26bb6e02b7783d89ac3","is_open_access":true,"citations":39,"published_at":"","score":68.17},{"id":"ss_7d140e6194e78802beabfa8767337a0a7d3df55e","title":"3D bioprinting in otorhinolaryngology: from bench to clinical application","authors":[{"name":"Yuming Zhang"},{"name":"Qian Yang"},{"name":"Hua Wan"},{"name":"Gangcai Zhu"},{"name":"Z. Xiao"},{"name":"Ying Zhang"},{"name":"Lanjie Lei"},{"name":"Shisheng Li"}],"abstract":"Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a promising additive manufacturing technology that uses imaging data and computer-assisted deposition of biological materials or cells to reconstruct complex 3D structures accurately. This technology has progressed rapidly, in part because of its integration across multiple disciplines and combination with other technologies for clinical applications. Advances in experimental research and clinical applications related to otorhinolaryngology have led to the development of diagnostic and treatment methods based on 3D bioprinting, including the development of tissue engineering scaffolds, biosensors, organ chips, and organoids, surgical planning, graft construction, and medical education. Additionally, otorhinolaryngologists will be better equipped to treat tissue function defects with personalized printed graft implants. It is also expected that 3D printing can be used to build ideal in vitro models in the future to help solve existing research challenges. This article briefly introduces the relevant 3D bioprinting technologies and bioinks that can be used by otorhinolaryngologists and discusses their potential applications in otorhinolaryngology.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.36922/ijb.3006","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7d140e6194e78802beabfa8767337a0a7d3df55e","is_open_access":true,"citations":5,"published_at":"","score":68.15}],"total":90976,"page":1,"page_size":20,"sources":["arXiv","CrossRef","DOAJ","Semantic Scholar"],"query":"Otorhinolaryngology"}