{"results":[{"id":"ss_72aceb06f33d13a2ec6a09819c431c4eaca90e77","title":"The Norway spruce genome sequence and conifer genome evolution","authors":[{"name":"Björn Nystedt"},{"name":"N. Street"},{"name":"Anna Wetterbom"},{"name":"A. Zuccolo"},{"name":"Yao-cheng Lin"},{"name":"Douglas G. Scofield"},{"name":"F. Vezzi"},{"name":"Nicolas Delhomme"},{"name":"Stefania Giacomello"},{"name":"A. Alexeyenko"},{"name":"Riccardo Vicedomini"},{"name":"Kristoffer Sahlin"},{"name":"Ellen Sherwood"},{"name":"M. Elfstrand"},{"name":"Lydia Gramzow"},{"name":"Kristina H. Holmberg"},{"name":"J. Hällman"},{"name":"O. Keech"},{"name":"Lisa Klasson"},{"name":"M. Koriabine"},{"name":"Melis Kucukoglu"},{"name":"M. Käller"},{"name":"J. Luthman"},{"name":"Fredrik Lysholm"},{"name":"Totte Niittylä"},{"name":"Å. Olson"},{"name":"Nemanja Rilakovic"},{"name":"C. Ritland"},{"name":"J. Rosselló"},{"name":"J. Sena"},{"name":"T. Svensson"},{"name":"Carlos Talavera-López"},{"name":"G. Theißen"},{"name":"Hannele Tuominen"},{"name":"K. Vanneste"},{"name":"Zhide Wu"},{"name":"Bo Zhang"},{"name":"P. Zerbe"},{"name":"Lars Arvestad"},{"name":"R. Bhalerao"},{"name":"J. Bohlmann"},{"name":"J. Bousquet"},{"name":"R. Gil"},{"name":"T. R. Hvidsten"},{"name":"P. Jong"},{"name":"J. MacKay"},{"name":"M. Morgante"},{"name":"K. Ritland"},{"name":"B. Sundberg"},{"name":"S. L. Thompson"},{"name":"Y. Peer"},{"name":"B. Andersson"},{"name":"O. Nilsson"},{"name":"P. Ingvarsson"},{"name":"J. Lundeberg"},{"name":"S. Jansson"}],"abstract":"Conifers have dominated forests for more than 200 million years and are of huge ecological and economic importance. Here we present the draft assembly of the 20-gigabase genome of Norway spruce (Picea abies), the first available for any gymnosperm. The number of well-supported genes (28,354) is similar to the \u003e100 times smaller genome of Arabidopsis thaliana, and there is no evidence of a recent whole-genome duplication in the gymnosperm lineage. Instead, the large genome size seems to result from the slow and steady accumulation of a diverse set of long-terminal repeat transposable elements, possibly owing to the lack of an efficient elimination mechanism. Comparative sequencing of Pinus sylvestris, Abies sibirica, Juniperus communis, Taxus baccata and Gnetum gnemon reveals that the transposable element diversity is shared among extant conifers. Expression of 24-nucleotide small RNAs, previously implicated in transposable element silencing, is tissue-specific and much lower than in other plants. We further identify numerous long (\u003e10,000 base pairs) introns, gene-like fragments, uncharacterized long non-coding RNAs and short RNAs. This opens up new genomic avenues for conifer forestry and breeding.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2013,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine","Biology"],"doi":"10.1038/nature12211","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/72aceb06f33d13a2ec6a09819c431c4eaca90e77","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12211.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":1398,"published_at":"","score":87},{"id":"ss_8c80357ed24f40ee0cd7a2e93c6fe49aee752086","title":"Genome sequence of the Brown Norway rat yields insights into mammalian evolution","authors":[{"name":"R. Gibbs"},{"name":"G. Weinstock"},{"name":"M. Metzker"},{"name":"D. Muzny"},{"name":"E. Sodergren"},{"name":"S. Scherer"},{"name":"Graham Scott"},{"name":"D. Steffen"},{"name":"K. Worley"},{"name":"P. Burch"},{"name":"Geoffrey O. Okwuonu"},{"name":"S. Hines"},{"name":"L. Lewis"},{"name":"Christine DeRamo"},{"name":"O. Delgado"},{"name":"S. Dugan-Rocha"},{"name":"George R. Miner"},{"name":"M. Morgan"},{"name":"A. Hawes"},{"name":"Rachel B. Gill"},{"name":"Celera"},{"name":"R. Holt"},{"name":"M. Adams"},{"name":"P. Amanatides"},{"name":"Holly Baden-Tillson"},{"name":"Mary Barnstead"},{"name":"Soo H. Chin"},{"name":"C. Evans"},{"name":"S. Ferriera"},{"name":"C. Fosler"},{"name":"A. Glodek"},{"name":"Z. Gu"},{"name":"D. Jennings"},{"name":"C. Kraft"},{"name":"T. Nguyen"},{"name":"C. Pfannkoch"},{"name":"Cynthia D. Sitter"},{"name":"G. Sutton"},{"name":"J. Venter"},{"name":"T. Woodage"},{"name":"Douglas R. Smith"},{"name":"H. Lee"},{"name":"E. Gustafson"},{"name":"P. Cahill"},{"name":"A. Kana"},{"name":"L. Doucette-Stamm"},{"name":"Keith G Weinstock"},{"name":"K. Fechtel"},{"name":"R. Weiss"},{"name":"D. Dunn"},{"name":"E. Green"},{"name":"R. Blakesley"},{"name":"G. Bouffard"},{"name":"P. D. de Jong"},{"name":"K. Osoegawa"},{"name":"B. Zhu"},{"name":"M. Marra"},{"name":"J. Schein"},{"name":"I. Bosdet"},{"name":"C. Fjell"},{"name":"Steven P. Jones"},{"name":"M. Krzywinski"},{"name":"Carrie A. Mathewson"},{"name":"A. Siddiqui"},{"name":"N. Wye"},{"name":"J. McPherson"},{"name":"Shaying Zhao"},{"name":"C. Fraser"},{"name":"Jyoti Shetty"},{"name":"S. Shatsman"},{"name":"Keita Geer"},{"name":"Yixin Chen"},{"name":"Sofyia Abramzon"},{"name":"W. Nierman"},{"name":"P. Havlak"},{"name":"Rui Chen"},{"name":"K. Durbin"},{"name":"Amy Egan"},{"name":"Yanru Ren"},{"name":"Xing-Zhi Song"},{"name":"Bingshan Li"},{"name":"Yue Liu"},{"name":"X. Qin"},{"name":"S. Cawley"},{"name":"A. Cooney"},{"name":"Lisa M. D'Souza"},{"name":"Kirt A. Martin"},{"name":"Jia Qian Wu"},{"name":"M. Gonzalez-Garay"},{"name":"Andrew R. Jackson"},{"name":"Ken J Kalafus"},{"name":"M. P. McLeod"},{"name":"A. Milosavljevic"},{"name":"D. Virk"},{"name":"A. Volkov"},{"name":"D. Wheeler"},{"name":"Zhengdong D. Zhang"},{"name":"J. Bailey"},{"name":"E. Eichler"},{"name":"Eray Tuzun"},{"name":"E. Birney"},{"name":"Emmanuel Mongin"},{"name":"A. Ureta-Vidal"},{"name":"Cara Woodwark"},{"name":"E. Zdobnov"},{"name":"P. Bork"},{"name":"M. Suyama"},{"name":"D. Torrents"},{"name":"Marina Alexandersson"},{"name":"B. Trask"},{"name":"Janet M. Young"},{"name":"Hui Huang"},{"name":"Huajun Wang"},{"name":"Heming Xing"},{"name":"Sue Daniels"},{"name":"D. Gietzen"},{"name":"Jeanette Schmidt"},{"name":"Kristian Stevens"},{"name":"U. Vitt"},{"name":"J. Wingrove"},{"name":"F. Camara"},{"name":"M. Mar Albà"},{"name":"J. F. Abril"},{"name":"R. Guigó"},{"name":"A. Smit"},{"name":"I. Dubchak"},{"name":"E. Rubin"},{"name":"O. Couronne"},{"name":"Alexander Poliakov"},{"name":"N. Hübner"},{"name":"D. Ganten"},{"name":"Claudia Goesele"},{"name":"O. Hummel"},{"name":"T. Kreitler"},{"name":"Young-Ae Lee"},{"name":"J. Monti"},{"name":"H. Schulz"},{"name":"H. Zimdahl"},{"name":"H. Himmelbauer"},{"name":"H. Lehrach"},{"name":"H. Jacob"},{"name":"Susan Bromberg"},{"name":"J. Gullings-Handley"},{"name":"M. Jensen-Seaman"},{"name":"A. Kwitek"},{"name":"Jozef Lazar"},{"name":"D. Pasko"},{"name":"P. Tonellato"},{"name":"S. Twigger"},{"name":"C. Ponting"},{"name":"José M Duarte"},{"name":"S. Rice"},{"name":"L. Goodstadt"},{"name":"S. Beatson"},{"name":"Richard D Emes"},{"name":"E. Winter"},{"name":"C. Webber"},{"name":"P. Brandt"},{"name":"G. Nyakatura"},{"name":"Margaret Adetobi"},{"name":"Francesca Chiaromonte"},{"name":"L. Elnitski"},{"name":"Pallavi Eswara"},{"name":"R. Hardison"},{"name":"Minmei Hou"},{"name":"Diana L. Kolbe"},{"name":"K. Makova"},{"name":"W. Miller"},{"name":"A. Nekrutenko"},{"name":"C. Riemer"},{"name":"S. Schwartz"},{"name":"James Taylor"},{"name":"Shan Yang"},{"name":"Yi Zhang"},{"name":"K. Lindpaintner"},{"name":"T. Andrews"},{"name":"M. Cáccamo"},{"name":"M. Clamp"},{"name":"Laura Clarke"},{"name":"V. Curwen"},{"name":"R. Durbin"},{"name":"E. Eyras"},{"name":"S. Searle"},{"name":"G. Cooper"},{"name":"S. Batzoglou"},{"name":"M. Brudno"},{"name":"A. Sidow"},{"name":"Eric A. Stone"},{"name":"B. Payseur"},{"name":"G. Bourque"},{"name":"C. López-Otín"},{"name":"X. Puente"},{"name":"Kushal Chakrabarti"},{"name":"Sourav Chatterji"},{"name":"Colin N. Dewey"},{"name":"L. Pachter"},{"name":"Nicolas L. Bray"},{"name":"Von Bing Yap"},{"name":"A. Caspi"},{"name":"G. Tesler"},{"name":"P. Pevzner"},{"name":"D. Haussler"},{"name":"Krishna M. Roskin"},{"name":"R. Baertsch"},{"name":"H. Clawson"},{"name":"T. Furey"},{"name":"A. Hinrichs"},{"name":"D. Karolchik"},{"name":"W. Kent"},{"name":"K. Rosenbloom"},{"name":"Heather Trumbower"},{"name":"M. Weirauch"},{"name":"D. Cooper"},{"name":"P. Stenson"},{"name":"Bin Ma"},{"name":"M. Brent"},{"name":"Manimozhiyan Arumugam"},{"name":"David D. Shteynberg"},{"name":"R. Copley"},{"name":"Martin S. Taylor"},{"name":"H. Riethman"},{"name":"U. Mudunuri"},{"name":"Jane L. Peterson"},{"name":"M. Guyer"},{"name":"A. Felsenfeld"},{"name":"S. Old"},{"name":"Stephen Mockrin"},{"name":"F. Collins"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2004,"language":"en","subjects":["Biology","Medicine"],"doi":"10.1038/nature02426","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8c80357ed24f40ee0cd7a2e93c6fe49aee752086","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature02426.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":2126,"published_at":"","score":80},{"id":"ss_cd94567d72c2bc9ed266bf96447b34b730d9ce28","title":"Incentives for promoting Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) adoption in Norway","authors":[{"name":"Kristin Ystmark Bjerkan"},{"name":"T. Norbech"},{"name":"M. Nordtømme"}],"abstract":"Abstract Norway has become a global forerunner in the field of electromobility and the BEV market share is far higher than in any other country. One likely reason for this is strong incentives for promoting purchase and ownership of BEVs. The purpose of this study is to describe the role of incentives for promoting BEVs, and to determine what incentives are critical for deciding to buy a BEV and what groups of buyers respond to different types of incentives. The questions are answered with data from a survey among nearly 3400 BEV owners in Norway. Exemptions from purchase tax and VAT are critical incentives for more than 80% of the respondents. This is very much in line with previous research, which suggests that up-front price reduction is the most powerful incentive in promoting EV adoption. To a substantial number of BEV owners, however, exemption from road tolling or bus lane access is the only decisive factor. Analyses show that there are clear delineations between incentive groups, both in terms of age, gender, and education. Income is a less prominent predictor, which probably results from the competitive price of BEVs in the Norwegian market. Perhaps most interesting is the assumed relation between incentives and character of transport systems the respondents engage in.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2016,"language":"en","subjects":["Economics"],"doi":"10.1016/J.TRD.2015.12.002","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cd94567d72c2bc9ed266bf96447b34b730d9ce28","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2015.12.002","is_open_access":true,"citations":610,"published_at":"","score":78.3},{"id":"ss_ede9dfb393e87a16e9fe44e1e4f6d2019981eae1","title":"Arterial events, venous thromboembolism, thrombocytopenia, and bleeding after vaccination with Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S in Denmark and Norway: population based cohort study","authors":[{"name":"A. Pottegård"},{"name":"L. Lund"},{"name":"Ø. Karlstad"},{"name":"J. Dahl"},{"name":"M. Andersen"},{"name":"J. Hallas"},{"name":"Ø. Lidegaard"},{"name":"G. Tapia"},{"name":"H. Gulseth"},{"name":"P. L. Ruiz"},{"name":"S. Watle"},{"name":"A. Mikkelsen"},{"name":"L. Pedersen"},{"name":"H. Sørensen"},{"name":"R. Thomsen"},{"name":"A. Hviid"}],"abstract":"Abstract Objective To assess rates of cardiovascular and haemostatic events in the first 28 days after vaccination with the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine ChAdOx1-S in Denmark and Norway and to compare them with rates observed in the general populations. Design Population based cohort study. Setting Nationwide healthcare registers in Denmark and Norway. Participants All people aged 18-65 years who received a first vaccination with ChAdOx1-S from 9 February 2021 to 11 March 2021. The general populations of Denmark (2016-18) and Norway (2018-19) served as comparator cohorts. Main outcome measures Observed 28 day rates of hospital contacts for incident arterial events, venous thromboembolism, thrombocytopenia/coagulation disorders, and bleeding among vaccinated people compared with expected rates, based on national age and sex specific background rates from the general populations of the two countries. Results The vaccinated cohorts comprised 148 792 people in Denmark (median age 45 years, 80% women) and 132 472 in Norway (median age 44 years, 78% women), who received their first dose of ChAdOx1-S. Among 281 264 people who received ChAdOx1-S, the standardised morbidity ratio for arterial events was 0.97 (95% confidence interval 0.77 to 1.20). 59 venous thromboembolic events were observed in the vaccinated cohort compared with 30 expected based on the incidence rates in the general population, corresponding to a standardised morbidity ratio of 1.97 (1.50 to 2.54) and 11 (5.6 to 17.0) excess events per 100 000 vaccinations. A higher than expected rate of cerebral venous thrombosis was observed: standardised morbidity ratio 20.25 (8.14 to 41.73); an excess of 2.5 (0.9 to 5.2) events per 100 000 vaccinations. The standardised morbidity ratio for any thrombocytopenia/coagulation disorders was 1.52 (0.97 to 2.25) and for any bleeding was 1.23 (0.97 to 1.55). 15 deaths were observed in the vaccine cohort compared with 44 expected. Conclusions Among recipients of ChAdOx1-S, increased rates of venous thromboembolic events, including cerebral venous thrombosis, were observed. For the remaining safety outcomes, results were largely reassuring, with slightly higher rates of thrombocytopenia/coagulation disorders and bleeding, which could be influenced by increased surveillance of vaccine recipients. The absolute risks of venous thromboembolic events were, however, small, and the findings should be interpreted in the light of the proven beneficial effects of the vaccine, the context of the given country, and the limitations to the generalisability of the study findings.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1136/bmj.n1114","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ede9dfb393e87a16e9fe44e1e4f6d2019981eae1","pdf_url":"https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/373/bmj.n1114.full.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":366,"published_at":"","score":75.98},{"id":"ss_379f1f528560eb215feba6b1e2bd4d3a784eaba7","title":"Effectiveness of incentives on electric vehicle adoption in Norway","authors":[{"name":"A. Mersky"},{"name":"F. Sprei"},{"name":"C. Samaras"},{"name":"Z. Qian"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2016,"language":"en","subjects":["Business"],"doi":"10.1016/J.TRD.2016.03.011","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/379f1f528560eb215feba6b1e2bd4d3a784eaba7","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/am/pii/S1361920916000407","is_open_access":true,"citations":488,"published_at":"","score":74.64},{"id":"ss_7a2535ece452165f766a3d15ec4360c3cb7eee66","title":"Cohort Profile Update: The HUNT Study, Norway","authors":[{"name":"B. Åsvold"},{"name":"A. Langhammer"},{"name":"T. Rehn"},{"name":"G. Kjelvik"},{"name":"T. V. Grøntvedt"},{"name":"E. Sørgjerd"},{"name":"J. Fenstad"},{"name":"J. Heggland"},{"name":"O. Holmen"},{"name":"M. Stuifbergen"},{"name":"S. A. Vikjord"},{"name":"B. Brumpton"},{"name":"H. Skjellegrind"},{"name":"P. Thingstad"},{"name":"E. Sund"},{"name":"G. Selbæk"},{"name":"P. Mork"},{"name":"V. Rangul"},{"name":"K. Hveem"},{"name":"M. Næss"},{"name":"S. Krokstad"}],"abstract":"In the HUNT Study, all residents aged [≥]20 years in the Nord-Trondelag region, Norway have been invited to repeated surveys since 1984-86. The study data may be linked to local and national health registries. The HUNT4 survey in 2017-19 included 56 042 participants in Nord-Trondelag and 107 711 participants in the neighboring Sor-Trondelag region. The HUNT4 data enable more long-term follow-up, studies of life-course health trajectories, and within-family studies. New measures include body composition analysis using bioelectrical impedance; a one-week accelerometer recording; physical and cognitive testing in older adults; measurements of hemoglobin and blood cell counts, HbA1c and phosphatidylethanol; and genotyping. Researchers can apply for HUNT data access from HUNT Research Centre if they have obtained project approval from the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics, see www.ntnu.edu/hunt/data.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1093/ije/dyac095","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7a2535ece452165f766a3d15ec4360c3cb7eee66","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/ije/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/ije/dyac095/43724014/dyac095.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":280,"published_at":"","score":73.4},{"id":"ss_a02d7e62645905d46f2b9ef2c78b12932ff9b6fc","title":"Temperature and precipitation associate with Covid-19 new daily cases: A correlation study between weather and Covid-19 pandemic in Oslo, Norway","authors":[{"name":"M. Menebo"}],"abstract":"This study aims to analyze the correlation between weather and covid-19 pandemic in the capital city of Norway, Oslo. This study employed a secondary data analysis of covid-19 surveillance data from the Norwegian public health institute and weather data from the Norwegian Meteorological institute. The components of weather include minimum temperature (°C), maximum temperature (°C), temperature average (°C), normal temperature (°C), precipitation level (mm) and wind speed (m/s). Since normality was not fulfilled, a non-parametric correlation test was used for data analysis. Maximum temperature (r = 0.347; p = .005), normal temperature(r = 0.293; p = .019), and precipitation level (r = −0.285; p = .022) were significantly correlated with covid-19 pandemic. The finding might serve as an input to a strategy making in the prevention of covid-19 as the country prepare to enter into a new weather season.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine","Environmental Science"],"doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139659","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a02d7e62645905d46f2b9ef2c78b12932ff9b6fc","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139659","is_open_access":true,"citations":211,"published_at":"","score":70.33},{"id":"arxiv_2601.03034","title":"NorwAI's Large Language Models: Technical Report","authors":[{"name":"Jon Atle Gulla"},{"name":"Peng Liu"},{"name":"Lemei Zhang"}],"abstract":"Norwegian, spoken by approximately five million people, remains underrepresented in many of the most significant breakthroughs in Natural Language Processing (NLP). To address this gap, the NorLLM team at NorwAI has developed a family of models specifically tailored to Norwegian and other Scandinavian languages, building on diverse Transformer-based architectures such as GPT, Mistral, Llama2, Mixtral and Magistral. These models are either pretrained from scratch or continually pretrained on 25B - 88.45B tokens, using a Norwegian-extended tokenizer and advanced post-training strategies to optimize performance, enhance robustness, and improve adaptability across various real-world tasks. Notably, instruction-tuned variants (e.g., Mistral-7B-Instruct and Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct) showcase strong assistant-style capabilities, underscoring their potential for practical deployment in interactive and domain-specific applications. The NorwAI large language models are openly available to Nordic organizations, companies and students for both research and experimental use. This report provides detailed documentation of the model architectures, training data, tokenizer design, fine-tuning strategies, deployment, and evaluations.","source":"arXiv","year":2026,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.CL"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.03034","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2601.03034","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2026-01-06T14:06:55Z","score":70},{"id":"crossref_10.1016/j.dsr2.2026.105637","title":"Decades of change: Warming trends and hydrographic variability of Atlantic Water as observed in the west Spitsbergen current (1997–2024)","authors":[{"name":"Rebecca McPherson"},{"name":"Wilken-Jon von Appen"},{"name":"Laura de Steur"},{"name":"Torsten Kanzow"},{"name":"Agnieszka Beszczynska-Möller"},{"name":"Angelika H.H. Renner"}],"abstract":"","source":"CrossRef","year":2026,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2026.105637","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2026.105637","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":70},{"id":"ss_0d7787ab7f40e0af9a9b0eeea624a2c3a8686aae","title":"Norway","authors":[{"name":"K. Friis"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2018,"language":"en","subjects":["Political Science"],"doi":"10.4324/9781351250641-8","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0d7787ab7f40e0af9a9b0eeea624a2c3a8686aae","is_open_access":true,"citations":262,"published_at":"","score":69.86},{"id":"ss_a64aa84d11fd0317ec206502c7af3c7f28e97a58","title":"Fish and fish waste-based fertilizers in organic farming - With status in Norway: A review.","authors":[{"name":"I. Ahuja"},{"name":"Egidijus Daukšas"},{"name":"J. Remme"},{"name":"R. Richardsen"},{"name":"A. Løes"}],"abstract":"This paper reviews relevant knowledge about the production and uses of fertilizers from fish and fish waste (FW) that may be applicable for certified organic farming, with a focus on crop and horticultural plants. Fish industries generate a substantial amount of FW. Depending on the level of processing or type of fish, 30-70% of the original fish is FW. Circular economy and organic farming concepts were used to evaluate the potential of production of fertilizers from captured fish. Fertilizers produced from captured fish promote the recycling of nutrients from the sea and back to terrestrial environments. Nutritional composition of FW is assessed to determine the potential to supply plant nutrients such as nitrogen, or a combination of nitrogen and phosphorous, or to enrich a compost. Methods used in processing of FW to produce fish- emulsion, fish hydrolysate/fish silage, fish-compost and digestate from anaerobic digestion/co-digestion are presented. Using information about commercially available fish-based fertilizers listed by the Organic Materials Review Institute (OMRI), we present a scenario for establishing fish/FW-based fertilizers industry and research in Europe. With Norway's 9th position among top ten global capture producers and focus in Norway on developing organic farming, we brief how FW is currently utilized and regulated, and discuss its availability for possible production of FW-based organic fertilizers. The amount of FW available in Norway for production of fertilizers may facilitate the establishment of an industrial product that can replace the currently common use of dried poultry manure from conventional farming in organic farming.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine","Environmental Science"],"doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2020.07.025","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a64aa84d11fd0317ec206502c7af3c7f28e97a58","is_open_access":true,"citations":182,"published_at":"","score":69.46000000000001},{"id":"ss_15113c99b282e003ee1f5da338f6b04e13462628","title":"Silver fir and Douglas fir are more tolerant to extreme droughts than Norway spruce in south‐western Germany","authors":[{"name":"V. Vitali"},{"name":"U. Büntgen"},{"name":"J. Bauhus"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2017,"language":"en","subjects":["Geography","Medicine"],"doi":"10.1111/gcb.13774","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/15113c99b282e003ee1f5da338f6b04e13462628","is_open_access":true,"citations":282,"published_at":"","score":69.46000000000001},{"id":"ss_6d03784c5b41e4252dc6fb4fa6cb92dff52f70a6","title":"Mental Health, Academic Self-Efficacy and Study Progress Among College Students – The SHoT Study, Norway","authors":[{"name":"Kirsti Grøtan"},{"name":"E. Sund"},{"name":"O. Bjerkeset"}],"abstract":"Student life can be stressful and for some students it may cause mental distress. Besides being a major public health challenge, mental distress can influence academic achievement. The main objectives of the current study were to examine associations of mental distress with academic self-efficacy and study progress. A secondary aim was to examine mental health help seeking for students with mental distress. Data was derived from the Norwegian Students’ health and welfare survey 2014 (SHOT 2014) which is the first major survey comprising questions of both mental health, academic self-efficacy and psychosocial factors amongst students. Utilizing these data for a Norwegian region, we found that 749 (31%) of the 2430 Norwegian full-time students under the age of 35 responded to the survey. Symptoms of mental distress were measured using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25) and academic self-efficacy was measured using a Norwegian version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) tailored to the academic setting. Demographic-, social, lifestyle, and study-related variables were included in the analyses. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between mental distress, academic self-efficacy, and academic performance. Seventeen percent reported severe symptoms of psychological distress which is similar to the overall prevalence among students in Norway. Students reporting severe mental distress were four times as likely to report low academic self-efficacy and twice as likely to report delayed study progress compared to students reporting few or moderate symptoms of mental distress. 27% of those reporting severe mental distress had sought professional help whereas 31% had considered seeking help. The study showed that there was a strong association between symptoms of mental distress, academic self-efficacy and study progress. Prospective studies should evaluate whether improved help-seeking and psychological treatment can promote students mental health and ultimately improve academic self-efficacy and study progress.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2019,"language":"en","subjects":["Psychology","Medicine"],"doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00045","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6d03784c5b41e4252dc6fb4fa6cb92dff52f70a6","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00045/pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":205,"published_at":"","score":69.15},{"id":"arxiv_2512.09913","title":"NordFKB: a fine-grained benchmark dataset for geospatial AI in Norway","authors":[{"name":"Sander Riisøen Jyhne"},{"name":"Aditya Gupta"},{"name":"Ben Worsley"},{"name":"Marianne Andersen"},{"name":"Ivar Oveland"},{"name":"Alexander Salveson Nossum"}],"abstract":"We present NordFKB, a fine-grained benchmark dataset for geospatial AI in Norway, derived from the authoritative, highly accurate, national Felles KartdataBase (FKB). The dataset contains high-resolution orthophotos paired with detailed annotations for 36 semantic classes, including both per-class binary segmentation masks in GeoTIFF format and COCO-style bounding box annotations. Data is collected from seven geographically diverse areas, ensuring variation in climate, topography, and urbanization. Only tiles containing at least one annotated object are included, and training/validation splits are created through random sampling across areas to ensure representative class and context distributions. Human expert review and quality control ensures high annotation accuracy. Alongside the dataset, we release a benchmarking repository with standardized evaluation protocols and tools for semantic segmentation and object detection, enabling reproducible and comparable research. NordFKB provides a robust foundation for advancing AI methods in mapping, land administration, and spatial planning, and paves the way for future expansions in coverage, temporal scope, and data modalities.","source":"arXiv","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.CV"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.09913","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.09913","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2025-12-10T18:47:25Z","score":69},{"id":"arxiv_2507.08864","title":"Privacy-Utility-Fairness: A Balanced Approach to Vehicular-Traffic Management System","authors":[{"name":"Poushali Sengupta"},{"name":"Sabita Maharjan"},{"name":"frank Eliassen"},{"name":"Yan Zhang"}],"abstract":"Location-based vehicular traffic management faces significant challenges in protecting sensitive geographical data while maintaining utility for traffic management and fairness across regions. Existing state-of-the-art solutions often fail to meet the required level of protection against linkage attacks and demographic biases, leading to privacy leakage and inequity in data analysis. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm designed to address the challenges regarding the balance of privacy, utility, and fairness in location-based vehicular traffic management systems. In this context, utility means providing reliable and meaningful traffic information, while fairness ensures that all regions and individuals are treated equitably in data use and decision-making. Employing differential privacy techniques, we enhance data security by integrating query-based data access with iterative shuffling and calibrated noise injection, ensuring that sensitive geographical data remains protected. We ensure adherence to epsilon-differential privacy standards by implementing the Laplace mechanism. We implemented our algorithm on vehicular location-based data from Norway, demonstrating its ability to maintain data utility for traffic management and urban planning while ensuring fair representation of all geographical areas without being overrepresented or underrepresented. Additionally, we have created a heatmap of Norway based on our model, illustrating the privatized and fair representation of the traffic conditions across various cities. Our algorithm provides privacy in vehicular traffic","source":"arXiv","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.CR","cs.AI","cs.MA"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.08864","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.08864","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2025-07-09T13:49:13Z","score":69},{"id":"arxiv_2501.07300","title":"Comparative analysis of optical character recognition methods for Sámi texts from the National Library of Norway","authors":[{"name":"Tita Enstad"},{"name":"Trond Trosterud"},{"name":"Marie Iversdatter Røsok"},{"name":"Yngvil Beyer"},{"name":"Marie Roald"}],"abstract":"Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is crucial to the National Library of Norway's (NLN) digitisation process as it converts scanned documents into machine-readable text. However, for the Sámi documents in NLN's collection, the OCR accuracy is insufficient. Given that OCR quality affects downstream processes, evaluating and improving OCR for text written in Sámi languages is necessary to make these resources accessible. To address this need, this work fine-tunes and evaluates three established OCR approaches, Transkribus, Tesseract and TrOCR, for transcribing Sámi texts from NLN's collection. Our results show that Transkribus and TrOCR outperform Tesseract on this task, while Tesseract achieves superior performance on an out-of-domain dataset. Furthermore, we show that fine-tuning pre-trained models and supplementing manual annotations with machine annotations and synthetic text images can yield accurate OCR for Sámi languages, even with a moderate amount of manually annotated data.","source":"arXiv","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.CL","cs.CV"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.07300","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2501.07300","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2025-01-13T13:07:51Z","score":69},{"id":"ss_7acd5c1afd14f1d25d4d36b2d31a586397a34553","title":"A community resilience index for Norway: An adaptation of the Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (BRIC)","authors":[{"name":"Sabrina Scherzer"},{"name":"Päivi Lujala"},{"name":"J. K. Rød"}],"abstract":"Abstract In recent years, building disaster resilient communities has become a primary objective of crisis management institutions across the globe, as a resilient community is likely to suffer fewer losses and recover more quickly when faced with an adverse event. However, in order to strengthen a community's resilience, one needs to first establish a baseline, an initial measure that can be used to compare communities and to track changes over time. This article presents such a baseline, a community resilience index, for Norway. Following the approach outlined by the Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (BRIC), the article constructs a hierarchical index, using 47 indicators divided into six subdomains, to describe the resilience capacities of the Norwegian municipalities. The results show considerable variations in the relative levels of resilience. Most markedly, there seems to be a north-south divide; i.e., many of the northern municipalities having lower levels of overall resilience and many of the southern municipalities having higher levels of overall resilience. These initial observations are further analysed by deconstructing the overall index into its components to identify driving forces behind the overall resilience score. To validate the results, the resilience scores are compared to previously established vulnerability metrics. The resilience and vulnerability metrics are then used to identify potential low-risk (high resilience, low vulnerability) and high-risk (low resilience, high vulnerability) areas across Norway.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2019,"language":"en","subjects":["Geography"],"doi":"10.1016/J.IJDRR.2019.101107","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7acd5c1afd14f1d25d4d36b2d31a586397a34553","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101107","is_open_access":true,"citations":194,"published_at":"","score":68.82},{"id":"ss_2b71155fe01158e30f677ca2f76b797f46aab309","title":"The major threats to Atlantic salmon in Norway","authors":[{"name":"T. Forseth"},{"name":"B. Barlaup"},{"name":"B. Finstad"},{"name":"P. Fiske"},{"name":"H. Gjøsæter"},{"name":"Morten Falkegård"},{"name":"A. Hindar"},{"name":"T. Mo"},{"name":"A. Rikardsen"},{"name":"E. Thorstad"},{"name":"L. A. Vøllestad"},{"name":"V. Wennevik"}],"abstract":"Torbjørn Forseth*, Bjørn T. Barlaup, Bengt Finstad, Peder Fiske, Harald Gjøsæter, Morten Falkegård, Atle Hindar, Tor Atle Mo, Audun H. Rikardsen, Eva B. Thorstad, Leif Asbjørn Vøllestad, and Vidar Wennevik Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 5685 Sluppen, Trondheim N-7485, Norway Uni Research Environment, P.O. Box 7810, Bergen N-5020, Norway Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, Bergen N-5817, Norway Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, Oslo N-0349, Norway Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, Oslo N-0106, Norway UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø N-9037, Norway Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, Oslo N-0316, Norway *Corresponding author: tel: þ47 926 43437; e-mail: torbjorn.forseth@nina.no.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2017,"language":"en","subjects":["Geography"],"doi":"10.1093/ICESJMS/FSX020","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2b71155fe01158e30f677ca2f76b797f46aab309","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article-pdf/74/6/1496/28658315/fsx020.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":244,"published_at":"","score":68.32},{"id":"doaj_10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100078","title":"Partners in crime: Convenience case study of Norwegian publishing cartel","authors":[{"name":"Petter Gottschalk"}],"abstract":"The theory of convenience addresses white-collar and corporate crime. The theory is applied in this article to a case study of Norwegian publishing houses having to pay infringement fees because of competition act violation. Cartel members agreed and coordinated a boycott of a distribution channel. This article reviews the research literature on cartels before presenting the convenience case study. Combatting cartels is a matter of reducing the attractiveness and convenience of joining cartels. Guardianship, oversight, and controls are at the core of reducing deviance convenience. Detection is an element of oversight. However, detection is rare, as this case illustrated by email sent by mistake. Combatting cartels is a matter of control at the top of organizations where typically each chief executive officer (CEO) is involved. Therefore, the corporate compliance officer should never report to the CEO but rather to the chairperson on the board and to the external auditor.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology"],"doi":"10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100078","url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949791424000307","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.2113/2023/lithosphere_2023_285","title":"Compilation of Apatite Fission-Track Data from the Northeast Atlantic Realm: A Jigsaw Puzzle with Missing Pieces","authors":[{"name":"Scott Jess"},{"name":"Heike Gröger"},{"name":"Bart Hendriks"},{"name":"Alexander Peace"},{"name":"Christian Schiffer"}],"abstract":"The northeast (NE) Atlantic is one of the best-studied geological regions in the world, incorporating a wide array of geological phenomena including extensional tectonism, passive margin development, orogenesis, and breakup-related volcanism. Apatite fission-track (AFT) thermochronology has been an important tool in studying the onshore evolution of the NE Atlantic for several decades. Unfortunately, large regional-scale studies are rare, making it difficult to study geological processes across the whole region. In this work, a compilation of published AFT data is presented from across Fennoscandia, the British Isles, East Greenland, and Svalbard, with the goal of providing an accessible overview of the data and how this vast body of work has improved our understanding of the region’s evolution. Alongside a review of previous literature, interpolated maps of fission track age and mean track length (MTL) highlight regional trends in the data that may result from major first-order processes and areas of low sample density that should be targeted for future study. Additionally, in the absence of metadata required for thermal history modeling, apparent exhumation rate estimates are calculated from available elevation profiles and the timing of major exhumation events inferred from “boomerang plots” of fission track ages against MTL values. Across Fennoscandia, data suggests that the opening of the NE Atlantic and exhumation of the margin have clearly played a major role in the thermal history of the upper crust. The remaining areas of Britain, Ireland, East Greenland, and Svalbard all present more complex trends consistent with a combination of the NE Atlantic’s opening and the interplay between specific bedrock geology of sampling sites and localized geological processes. Areas of low sample density include southern Britain, NE Britain, southeast Greenland, southern Svalbard, and Eastern Fennoscandia, each of which provides the natural laboratory required to answer many unresolved questions.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Geology"],"doi":"10.2113/2023/lithosphere_2023_285","url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/lithosphere/article-pdf/doi/10.2113/2024/lithosphere_2023_285/6393958/lithosphere_2023_285.pdf","pdf_url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/lithosphere/article-pdf/doi/10.2113/2024/lithosphere_2023_285/6393958/lithosphere_2023_285.pdf","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68}],"total":412365,"page":1,"page_size":20,"sources":["DOAJ","arXiv","Semantic Scholar","CrossRef"],"query":"Norway"}