{"results":[{"id":"doaj_10.3389/fneur.2026.1724717","title":"Impact of early vs. late tracheostomy on clinical outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients with intracerebral hemorrhage extending into the ventricles: a retrospective cohort study based on quantitative assessment of parenchymal and intraventricular hematoma volumes","authors":[{"name":"Minghui Lu"},{"name":"Jiajun Wei"},{"name":"Qiang Cai"}],"abstract":"BackgroundThe optimal timing for tracheostomy in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage extending into the ventricles who require mechanical ventilation remains controversial, and there is a paucity of evidence to guide clinical practice. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of early vs. late tracheostomy on clinical outcomes and complications in this population, utilizing multivariable models to identify risk factors and define the potential beneficiary population.MethodsThis single-center retrospective cohort study consecutively enrolled 157 patients with severe spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage extending into the ventricles requiring mechanical ventilation (GCS score ≤8) between January 2020 and December 2023. Based on the timing of tracheostomy, patients were classified into an early group (ET, ≤7 days after mechanical ventilation, n = 81) and a late group (LT, \u0026gt;7 days after mechanical ventilation, n = 76). Baseline characteristics, treatment measures, and outcome data were collected. Hematoma volumes in both the brain parenchyma and ventricles on admission CT scans were precisely quantified using 3D Slicer software. The primary outcome was the 6-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score. Secondary outcomes included the duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU length of stay (LOS), and the incidence of short-term complications [ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), new-onset arrhythmia, shock, and acute kidney injury (AKI)]. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to identify independent risk factors for complications and to assess the protective effect of early tracheostomy.ResultsIn this cohort of 157 mechanically ventilated patients with severe intraventricular hemorrhage, baseline characteristics were well-balanced between Early (ET, n = 81) and Late Tracheostomy (LT, n = 76) groups. While 6-month functional outcomes (mRS) showed no significant difference (P = 0.360), the ET group demonstrated substantially shorter duration of mechanical ventilation (13 vs. 19 days, P \u0026lt; 0.001) and ICU stay (17 vs. 25 days, P \u0026lt; 0.001). ET was associated with significantly lower incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (28.40 vs. 48.68%, P = 0.009), new-onset arrhythmia (18.52 vs. 32.89%, P = 0.039), and shock requiring vasopressors (24.7 vs. 40.79%, P = 0.031). Multivariable analysis identified GCS score \u0026lt;6 (OR 3.588, P = 0.008) and Graeb score ≥8 (OR 8.735, P = 0.037) as independent risk factors for complications, while confirming early tracheostomy as an independent protective factor (aOR 0.306, P = 0.019) after adjustment for confounders.ConclusionIn this single-center retrospective cohort study, early tracheostomy was associated with shorter durations of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay, as well as a lower incidence of major complications, and demonstrates a favorable safety profile. Although it does not improve long-term neurological function, early tracheostomy serves as an independent protective factor. When combined with the identification of risk factors such as GCS \u0026lt;6 and Graeb score ≥8, it provides a basis for individualized treatment. These findings suggest an association that warrants further investigation in prospective studies.","source":"DOAJ","year":2026,"language":"","subjects":["Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system"],"doi":"10.3389/fneur.2026.1724717","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1724717/full","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":70},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/brainsci15101034","title":"Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Without Perfusion Deficit: A Retrospective Analysis","authors":[{"name":"Omar Alhaj Omar"},{"name":"Stefan T. Gerner"},{"name":"Slava Alikevitch"},{"name":"Samra Hamzic"},{"name":"Maxime Viard"},{"name":"Anne Mrochen"},{"name":"Priyanka Böttger"},{"name":"Martin Juenemann"},{"name":"Tobias Braun"}],"abstract":"\u003cb\u003eBackground/Objectives:\u003c/b\u003e Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although advanced imaging modalities, such as CT perfusion (CTP), are increasingly being used in clinical decision-making, the necessity and added value of perfusion imaging prior to intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) within early time windows remains uncertain. We aim to evaluate the safety and functional outcomes of IVT in AIS patients without perfusion deficits on CTP. We question the requirement of perfusion mismatch for IVT eligibility and hypothesize that IVT is safe and beneficial even in the absence of a perfusion deficit. \u003cb\u003eMethods:\u003c/b\u003e A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from the Giessen Stroke Registry, focusing on AIS patients who underwent CTP imaging and received IVT between 01/2018 and 12/2020. Patients who underwent endovascular therapy were excluded. Clinical data, including demographics, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores, and complications, were collected. Patients were dichotomized based on the presence of perfusion lesions and compared in terms of efficacy outcomes (i.e., NIHSS or mRS improvement during the hospital stay) and safety outcomes (i.e., post-thrombolytic hemorrhagic complications). \u003cb\u003eResults:\u003c/b\u003e Of the 89 AIS patients with available CTP data who received IVT, 34 (38%) had a perfusion deficit and 55 (62%) did not. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of hemorrhagic complications or functional outcomes at discharge (NIHSS and mRS). Clinical improvement from admission to discharge was similar in both groups. \u003cb\u003eConclusions:\u003c/b\u003e Our findings suggest that IVT is safe and clinically effective even in AIS patients without detectable perfusion deficits on CTP within the standard therapeutic window. These results support current guideline recommendations that do not mandate perfusion imaging for early presenters. Routine use of CTP in this context may be of limited clinical utility and could unnecessarily delay treatment or introduce additional risks in the first 4.5 h.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry"],"doi":"10.3390/brainsci15101034","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/15/10/1034","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.1186/s12888-024-06253-6","title":"The voice of depression: speech features as biomarkers for major depressive disorder","authors":[{"name":"Felix Menne"},{"name":"Felix Dörr"},{"name":"Julia Schräder"},{"name":"Johannes Tröger"},{"name":"Ute Habel"},{"name":"Alexandra König"},{"name":"Lisa Wagels"}],"abstract":"Abstract Background Psychiatry faces a challenge due to the lack of objective biomarkers, as current assessments are based on subjective evaluations. Automated speech analysis shows promise in detecting symptom severity in depressed patients. This project aimed to identify discriminating speech features between patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls (HCs) by examining associations with symptom severity measures. Methods Forty-four MDD patients from the Psychiatry Department, University Hospital Aachen, Germany and fifty-two HCs were recruited. Participants described positive and negative life events, which were recorded for analysis. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression gauged depression severity. Transcribed audio recordings underwent feature extraction, including acoustics, speech rate, and content. Machine learning models including speech features and neuropsychological assessments, were used to differentiate between the MDD patients and HCs. Results Acoustic variables such as pitch and loudness differed significantly between the MDD patients and HCs (effect sizes 𝜼2 between 0.183 and 0.3, p \u003c 0.001). Furthermore, variables pertaining to temporality, lexical richness, and speech sentiment displayed moderate to high effect sizes (𝜼2 between 0.062 and 0.143, p \u003c 0.02). A support vector machine (SVM) model based on 10 acoustic features showed a high performance (AUC = 0.93) in differentiating between HCs and patients with MDD, comparable to an SVM based on the BDI-II (AUC = 0.99, p = 0.01). Conclusions This study identified robust speech features associated with MDD. A machine learning model based on speech features yielded similar results to an established pen-and-paper depression assessment. In the future, these findings may shape voice-based biomarkers, enhancing clinical diagnosis and MDD monitoring.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Psychiatry"],"doi":"10.1186/s12888-024-06253-6","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-024-06253-6","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.17241/smr.2023.02026","title":"Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder: What Is Known and What Should Be Studied","authors":[{"name":"In-Young Yoon"}],"abstract":"","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry"],"doi":"10.17241/smr.2023.02026","url":"http://www.sleepmedres.org/upload/pdf/smr-2023-02026.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.sleepmedres.org/upload/pdf/smr-2023-02026.pdf","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.1055/s-0041-1722834","title":"Personal Protective Equipment-Related Nasal Bridge Folliculitis in a Corona Warrior","authors":[{"name":"Rajeev Sharma"},{"name":"Ashish Bindra"},{"name":"Kapil Dev Soni"}],"abstract":"Nasal bridge is a common site suffering personal protective equipment-induced skin damages over face among first-line health care workers in this coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. We hereby report folliculitis as a complication following regular use of N95 respirator and goggles, unreported in literature till now.","source":"DOAJ","year":2022,"language":"","subjects":["Surgery","Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system"],"doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1722834","url":"http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0041-1722834","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66},{"id":"doaj_10.18863/pgy.972163","title":"Psychological Factors Associated with Fibromyalgia and the Areas of Psychological Intervention","authors":[{"name":"Rumeysa Eda Kanık Tezcan"},{"name":"Özden Yalçınkaya Alkar"}],"abstract":"Fibromyalgia is a musculoskeletal pain syndrome characterized with the presence of sensitive points and widespread chronic pain and restricts one's daily life activities and decreases the quality of life. The etiology of fibromyalgia is unclear, but there are numerous hypotheses regarding the emergence and progression of the disease. Among these, the biopsychosocial model offers a holistic framework in which biological, psychological and social mechanisms play a role in the development of fibromyalgia. Since the etiology of the disease is not yet understood, effective methods for its treatment have not been found, thus, interventions aim to reduce the effect of fibromyalgia and increase psychological and physiological functionality. This article aims to examine the psyhcological intervention areas and methods for fibromyalgia patients. In the literature, it is concluded that pain avoidance beliefs and behaviors, self-efficacy, physical activity, sleep quality, self-compassion, emotional skills, coping strategies, personality, comorbid psychopathology are the factors related with the emergence of the disease, severity of pain, and adherence to treatment in fibromyalgia patients. In this context, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), physical exercises, sleep management Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), compassion focused psychotherapies, mindfulness based psychotherapies, emotion expression and emotion regulation techniques, and biofeedback are recommended as effective methods which can be included in the treatment plans of fibromyalgia patients. Moreover, considering the psychosocial factors in the assessment processes was essential to establish individualized treatment plans. In addition, the importance of multidisciplinary approaches in the treatment processes of fibromyalgia has been discussed within the framework of the biopsychosocial model.","source":"DOAJ","year":2022,"language":"","subjects":["Psychiatry"],"doi":"10.18863/pgy.972163","url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1883464","pdf_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1883464","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66},{"id":"doaj_10.3389/fnhum.2022.999725","title":"Editorial: Optical imaging and neurorehabilitation strategies after stroke","authors":[{"name":"Anna-Sophia Wahl"},{"name":"Anna-Sophia Wahl"},{"name":"Adam Q. Bauer"},{"name":"Adam Q. Bauer"},{"name":"Anna Letizia Allegra Mascaro"},{"name":"Anna Letizia Allegra Mascaro"}],"abstract":"","source":"DOAJ","year":2022,"language":"","subjects":["Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry"],"doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2022.999725","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2022.999725/full","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66},{"id":"doaj_10.21776/ub.mnj.2023.009.01.9","title":"GRAPE SEED EXTRACT’S NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT AND PARKINSON’S DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW","authors":[{"name":"Sharon Jessica Fandy"}],"abstract":"Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurological disease globally, only second to Alzheimer’s disease. One of the emerging treatments for PD is nutraceuticals. Grape seed extract (GSE) has a high concentration of polyphenolic compounds possessing antioxidant and neuroprotective capacity that may be valuable for neurodegenerative diseases. So far, there is no review summarizing the neuroprotective effect of GSE on PD, even though it is crucial to provide an insight into GSE as a potential natural treatment for PD. This systematic review aims to summarize the neuroprotective effect of grape seed extract (GSE) in Parkinson’s Disease in vivo and in vitro and their mechanism. The author performed a literature search using PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Sinta, and Garuda databases with keywords comprising “Neuroprotective”, “Grape Seed,” and “Parkinson’s disease.” Out of 1611 studies retrieved, 20 articles fit the inclusion criteria and became the basis for this review. The author analyzed and extracted the records regarding the neuroprotective effect and potential anti-PD properties from the studies. The analysis summarized that GSE could significantly improve the biological hallmarks of PD with numerous mechanisms, including antioxidant, anti-inflammation, protection of dopaminergic neurons, anti-amyloid effect, anti-apoptotic, neurogenesis, and synaptogenesis. Although the precise mechanism underlying PD is still elusive, treatment should target not only a single cause of PD but instead several pathways that could lead to the disease. In conclusion, GSE should be considered a potential nutraceutical in clinical trials to prevent and alleviate Parkinson’s disease by multiple mechanisms.","source":"DOAJ","year":2022,"language":"","subjects":["Medicine","Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry"],"doi":"10.21776/ub.mnj.2023.009.01.9","url":"https://mnj.ub.ac.id/index.php/mnj/article/view/633","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66},{"id":"doaj_10.1177/17562864221138147","title":"The overlapping relationship among depression, anxiety, and somatic symptom disorder and its impact on the quality of life of people with epilepsy","authors":[{"name":"Sisi Shen"},{"name":"Zaiquan Dong"},{"name":"Qi Zhang"},{"name":"Jing Xiao"},{"name":"Dong Zhou"},{"name":"Jinmei Li"}],"abstract":"Background: Emotional disorder is an important indicator for assessing the quality of life (QOL) of people with epilepsy (PWE). Depression, somatic symptom disorder (SSD) and anxiety are among the most frequently occurring mental disorders and overlap with each other. Objectives: This study examines the overlap of these three emotional disorders and their effects separately and in combination on the QOL of PWE. Design: Cross-sectional study. Data Sources and Methods: Adults attending our epilepsy clinic between 1 July 2020 and 1 May 2022 were consecutively enrolled. They were screened for depression, SSD, and anxiety by structured interviews, and demographic, epilepsy-related and QOL indicators were collected. Multivariate analysis, propensity score matching (PSM) and stratified analysis were used to explore the effects of their respective and combined effects on QOL. Results: Among the 749 patients, 189 patients (25%) were diagnosed with depression, 183 patients (24%) were diagnosed with SSD, and 157 patients (21%) were diagnosed with anxiety. The frequency of occurrence of each emotional disorder together with other emotional disorders was higher than the frequency of occurrence of an emotional disorder alone. Depression, SSD, and anxiety all had an independent effect on QOL of PWE ( p  \u003c 0.001). Depression had the greatest effect, followed by SSD, and then anxiety ( β : multivariate analysis, −11.0 versus –7.8 versus –6.5; PSM, −14.7 versus –9.4 versus –6.8). The QOL of PWE decreased more significantly with the increasing number of comorbid emotional disorders ( β : –12.1 versus –20.7 versus –23.0). Conclusion: It is necessary to screen for three emotional disorders, that is, depression, SSD, and anxiety, in PWE. Attention should be paid to people with multiple comorbid emotional disorders.","source":"DOAJ","year":2022,"language":"","subjects":["Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system"],"doi":"10.1177/17562864221138147","url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17562864221138147","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66},{"id":"crossref_10.1177/104012372003200202","title":"Book Review: Textbook of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences\n            \u003cb\u003eTextbook of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences.\u003c/b\u003e\n            Edited by ArciniegasDavid B., YudofskyStuart C., and HalesRobert E.; Washington, DC; American Psychiatric Association Publishing; 2018; ISBN 978-1-58562-487-4; pp 653; $259 (hardcover).","authors":[{"name":"James Allen Wilcox"}],"abstract":"","source":"CrossRef","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.1177/104012372003200202","url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/104012372003200202","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/104012372003200202","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":64},{"id":"doaj_10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00238","title":"Baclofen but Not Diazepam Alleviates Alcohol-Seeking Behavior and Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis Dysfunction in Stressed Withdrawn Mice","authors":[{"name":"Yolaine Rabat"},{"name":"Nadia Henkous"},{"name":"Marc Corio"},{"name":"Xavier Nogues"},{"name":"Daniel Beracochea"}],"abstract":"This study compares the impact of repeated injections of baclofen (an agonist of GABAB receptors) or diazepam (a benzodiazepine having an agonist action on GABAA receptors) given during the alcohol-withdrawal period on the stress-induced restoration of alcohol-seeking behavior and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction after a long (4 weeks) abstinence. Thus, C57BL/6 mice were submitted to a 6-month alcohol consumption [12% volume/volume (v/v)] and were progressively withdrawn to water before testing. Diazepam (Valium®, Roche) and baclofen (Baclofen®, Mylan) were administered intraperitoneally for 15 consecutive days (1 injection/day) during the withdrawal period at decreasing doses ranging from 1.0 mg/kg (Day 15) to 0.25 mg/kg (Day 1) for diazepam and from 1.5 mg/kg (Day 15) to 0.37 mg/kg (Day 1) for baclofen. Alcohol-seeking behavior was evaluated by alcohol-place preference in an odor recognition task. In the stress condition, mice received three electric footshocks 45 min before behavioral testing. Blood was sampled immediately after behavioral testing, and plasma corticosterone concentrations were measured by commercial enzyme immunoassay kits. Results showed that non-stressed withdrawn mice did not exhibit alcohol-place preference or alteration of plasma corticosterone concentrations relative to water controls. After stress, however, withdrawn mice exhibited a significant alcohol-place preference and higher circulating corticosterone concentrations as compared to stressed water controls. Interestingly, repeated administration during the withdrawal phase of baclofen but not diazepam suppressed both the alcohol-place preference and normalized corticosterone levels in stressed withdrawn animals. In conclusion, this study evidences that a pre-treatment with baclofen but not with diazepam during the withdrawal phase normalized, even after a long period of abstinence, the HPA axis response to stress, which contributes to the long-term preventing effects of this compound on alcohol-seeking behavior.","source":"DOAJ","year":2019,"language":"","subjects":["Psychiatry"],"doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00238","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00238/full","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":63},{"id":"doaj_The+application+of+artificial+intelligence+in+clinical+diagnosis+and+treatment+of+intracranial+hemorrhage","title":"The application of artificial intelligence in clinical diagnosis and treatment of intracranial hemorrhage","authors":[{"name":"Jian-bo CHANG"},{"name":"Ren-zhi WANG"},{"name":"Ming FENG"}],"abstract":"Both manifestations and treatments of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) are varied and the effect meets bottlenecks. Recently, the artificial intelligence (AI) technology has developed rapidly. This review aims to help clinicians understand AI technology regarding its application in ICH by systematically reviewing the historical and current examples. Hope to stimulate the AI progress and enhance the level of treatment in ICH in the future. Ultimately, the treatment of ICH would be precision and individualization.\nDOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2019.09.004","source":"DOAJ","year":2019,"language":"","subjects":["Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system"],"url":"http://www.cjcnn.org/index.php/cjcnn/article/view/2006","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":63},{"id":"doaj_10.1186/s40478-018-0619-9","title":"Variation in TMEM106B in chronic traumatic encephalopathy","authors":[{"name":"Jonathan D. Cherry"},{"name":"Jesse Mez"},{"name":"John F. Crary"},{"name":"Yorghos Tripodis"},{"name":"Victor E. Alvarez"},{"name":"Ian Mahar"},{"name":"Bertrand R. Huber"},{"name":"Michael L. Alosco"},{"name":"Raymond Nicks"},{"name":"Bobak Abdolmohammadi"},{"name":"Patrick T. Kiernan"},{"name":"Laney Evers"},{"name":"Sarah Svirsky"},{"name":"Katharine Babcock"},{"name":"Hannah M. Gardner"},{"name":"Gaoyuan Meng"},{"name":"Christopher J. Nowinski"},{"name":"Brett M. Martin"},{"name":"Brigid Dwyer"},{"name":"Neil W. Kowall"},{"name":"Robert C. Cantu"},{"name":"Lee E. Goldstein"},{"name":"Douglas I. Katz"},{"name":"Robert A. Stern"},{"name":"Lindsay A. Farrer"},{"name":"Ann C. McKee"},{"name":"Thor D. Stein"}],"abstract":"Abstract The genetic basis of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is poorly understood. Variation in transmembrane protein 106B (TMEM106B) has been associated with enhanced neuroinflammation during aging and with TDP-43-related neurodegenerative disease, and rs3173615, a missense coding SNP in TMEM106B, has been implicated as a functional variant in these processes. Neuroinflammation and TDP-43 pathology are prominent features in CTE. The purpose of this study was to determine whether genetic variation in TMEM106B is associated with CTE risk, pathological features, and ante-mortem dementia. Eighty-six deceased male athletes with a history of participation in American football, informant-reported Caucasian, and a positive postmortem diagnosis of CTE without comorbid neurodegenerative disease were genotyped for rs3173615. The minor allele frequency (MAF = 0.42) in participants with CTE did not differ from previously reported neurologically normal controls (MAF = 0.43). However, in a case-only analysis among CTE cases, the minor allele was associated with reduced phosphorylated tau (ptau) pathology in the dorsolateral frontal cortex (DLFC) (AT8 density, odds ratio [OR] of increasing one quartile = 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.22–0.79, p = 0.008), reduced neuroinflammation in the DLFC (CD68 density, OR of increasing one quartile = 0.53, 95% CI 0.29–0.98, p = 0.043), and increased synaptic protein density (β = 0.306, 95% CI 0.065–0.546, p = 0.014). Among CTE cases, TMEM106B minor allele was also associated with reduced ante-mortem dementia (OR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.16–0.99, p = 0.048), but was not associated with TDP-43 pathology. All case-only models were adjusted for age at death and duration of football play. Taken together, variation in TMEM106B may have a protective effect on CTE-related outcomes.","source":"DOAJ","year":2018,"language":"","subjects":["Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system"],"doi":"10.1186/s40478-018-0619-9","url":"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40478-018-0619-9","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":62},{"id":"doaj_10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00324","title":"Behavior Responses to Chemical and Optogenetic Stimuli in Drosophila Larvae","authors":[{"name":"David A. Clark"},{"name":"David A. Clark"},{"name":"Seth R. Odell"},{"name":"Seth R. Odell"},{"name":"Joanna M. Armstrong"},{"name":"Mariah Turcotte"},{"name":"Donovan Kohler"},{"name":"America Mathis"},{"name":"Deena R. Schmidt"},{"name":"Deena R. Schmidt"},{"name":"Dennis Mathew"},{"name":"Dennis Mathew"}],"abstract":"An animal’s ability to navigate an olfactory environment is critically dependent on the activities of its first-order olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). While considerable research has focused on ORN responses to odorants, the mechanisms by which olfactory information is encoded in the activities of ORNs and translated into navigational behavior remain poorly understood. We sought to determine the contributions of most Drosophila melanogaster larval ORNs to navigational behavior. Using odorants to activate ORNs and a larval tracking assay to measure the corresponding behavioral response, we observed that larval ORN activators cluster into four groups based on the behavior responses elicited from larvae. This is significant because it provides new insights into the functional relationship between ORN activity and behavioral response. Subsequent optogenetic analyses of a subset of ORNs revealed previously undescribed properties of larval ORNs. Furthermore, our results indicated that different temporal patterns of ORN activation elicit different behavioral outputs: some ORNs respond to stimulus increments while others respond to stimulus decrements. These results suggest that the ability of ORNs to encode temporal patterns of stimulation increases the coding capacity of the olfactory circuit. Moreover, the ability of ORNs to sense stimulus increments and decrements facilitates instantaneous evaluations of concentration changes in the environment. Together, these ORN properties enable larvae to efficiently navigate a complex olfactory environment. Ultimately, knowledge of how ORN activity patterns and their weighted contributions influence odor coding may eventually reveal how peripheral information is organized and transmitted to subsequent layers of a neural circuit.","source":"DOAJ","year":2018,"language":"","subjects":["Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry"],"doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00324","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00324/full","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":62},{"id":"doaj_10.3389/fnhum.2017.00186","title":"Perceived Intensity and Discrimination Ability for Lingual Electrotactile Stimulation Depends on Location and Orientation of Electrodes","authors":[{"name":"Leslie M. Stone-Roy"},{"name":"Joel Moritz Jr."},{"name":"Philip Turk"},{"name":"John D. Williams"}],"abstract":"Malfunctioning sensory systems can severely impact quality of life and repair is not always possible. One solution, called sensory substitution, is to use another sensory system to bring lost information to the brain. This approach often involves the use of bioengineered devices that electrically stimulate somatosensory fibers. Interestingly, the tongue is an ideal location for electrotactile stimulation due to its dense innervation, moisture, and protected environment. Success with transmitting visual and vestibular information through the tongue indicates promise for future applications. However, sensitivity and discrimination ability varies between individuals and across the tongue surface complicating efforts to produce reliable and consistent sensations. The goals of the present study were to investigate these differences more precisely to better understand the mechanosensory innervation of the tongue so that future electrotactile devices can be designed more effectively. Specifically, we tested whether stimulation of certain regions of the tongue consistently result in better perception, whether the spacing of stimulating electrodes affects perceived intensity, and whether the orientation of electrodes affects perceived intensity and discrimination. To test these hypotheses, we built a custom tongue stimulation device, recruited 25 participants, and collected perceived intensity and discrimination data. We then subjected the data to thorough statistical analyses. Consistent with previous studies, we found that stimulation of the anterior medial tongue region was perceived as more intense than stimulation of lateral and posterior regions. This region also had the best discrimination ability for electrodes. Dividing the stimulated tongue area into 16 distinct regions allowed us to compare perception ability between anterior and posterior regions, medial and lateral regions, and the left and right sides of the tongue. Stimulation of the most anterior and medial tongue resulted in the highest perceived intensity and the best discrimination ability. Most individuals were able to perceive and discriminate electrotactile stimulation better on one side of the tongue, and orientation of stimulating electrodes affected perception. In conclusion, the present studies reveal new information about the somatosensory innervation of the tongue and will assist the design of future electrotactile tongue stimulation devices that will help provide sensory information to people with damaged sensory systems.","source":"DOAJ","year":2017,"language":"","subjects":["Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry"],"doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2017.00186","url":"http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00186/full","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":61},{"id":"doaj_Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate+receptor+encephalitis+combined+with+teratoma%3A+two+cases+report","title":"Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis combined with teratoma: two cases report","authors":[{"name":"Kun HONG"},{"name":"Yan-hong DONG"},{"name":"Yuan-yuan ZHOU"},{"name":"Hui-ying ZHAO"},{"name":"Jun-ying HE"},{"name":"Yue-li ZOU"},{"name":"Yi LI"},{"name":"Ya-juan LIU"},{"name":"Jun-zhao CUI"},{"name":"Qin-qin ZHANG"},{"name":"Xin LIU"},{"name":"Hui BU"}],"abstract":"\u003cstrong\u003eDOI: \u003c/strong\u003e10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2016.09.012","source":"DOAJ","year":2016,"language":"","subjects":["Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system"],"url":"http://www.cjcnn.org/index.php/cjcnn/article/view/1462","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":60},{"id":"doaj_10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00119","title":"Neudesin is involved in anxiety behavior: structural and neurochemical correlates","authors":[{"name":"Ashley eNovais"},{"name":"Ashley eNovais"},{"name":"Ana Catarina Ferreira"},{"name":"Ana Catarina Ferreira"},{"name":"Fernanda eMarques"},{"name":"Fernanda eMarques"},{"name":"José M Pêgo"},{"name":"José M Pêgo"},{"name":"João J Cerqueira"},{"name":"João J Cerqueira"},{"name":"Ana eDavid-Pereira"},{"name":"Ana eDavid-Pereira"},{"name":"Filipa L Campos"},{"name":"Filipa L Campos"},{"name":"Christina eDalla"},{"name":"Nikolaos eKokras"},{"name":"Nuno eSousa"},{"name":"Nuno eSousa"},{"name":"Joana A Palha"},{"name":"Joana A Palha"},{"name":"Joao C Sousa"},{"name":"Joao C Sousa"}],"abstract":"Neudesin (also known as neuron derived neurotrophic factor, Nenf) is a scarcely studied putative non-canonical neurotrophic factor. In order to understand its function in the brain, we performed an extensive behavioral characterization (motor, emotional and cognitive dimensions) of neudesin-null mice. The absence of neudesin leads to an anxious-like behavior as assessed in the elevated plus maze, light/dark box and novelty suppressed feeding tests, but not in the acoustic startle test. This anxious phenotype is associated with reduced dopaminergic input and impoverished dendritic arborizations in the dentate gyrus granule neurons of the ventral hippocampus. Interestingly, shorter dendrites are also observed in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) of neudesin-null mice. These findings lead us to suggest that neudesin is a novel relevant player in the maintenance of the anxiety circuitry.","source":"DOAJ","year":2013,"language":"","subjects":["Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry"],"doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00119","url":"http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00119/full","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":57},{"id":"doaj_10.5469/neuroint.2013.8.2.73","title":"Clinical and Radiologic Results of Endovascular Coil Embolization for Cerebral Aneurysm in Young Patients","authors":[{"name":"Hyun Seok Park"},{"name":"Soon Chan Kwon"},{"name":"Shang Hoon Shin"},{"name":"Eun Suk Park"},{"name":"Hong Bo Sim"},{"name":"In Uk Lyo"}],"abstract":"PurposeThis study is an overview of the clinical and radiologic outcomes of endovascular coil embolization for cerebral aneurysm in patients aged 40 years and younger.Materials and MethodsBetween January 2008 and June 2011, 218 aneurysms were treated using endovascular coil embolization and followed up with cerebral angiography at least six months later. Twenty-one aneurysms occurred in patients aged 40 years and younger, while 197 occurred in 179 patients older than 40 years. The clinical and radiologic results were retrospectively analyzed and compared between the two groups using the modified Rankin scale scores and the modified Raymond scale.ResultsFollow-up cerebral angiography revealed two (9.5%) major and two (9.5%) minor recanalized aneurysms in patients aged 40 years and younger, and six (3.0%) major and 35 (17.7%) minor recanalized aneurysms in patients older than 40 years. However, the differences between the groups were not statistically significant. The preoperative and postoperative mean modified Rankin scale scores at time for follow-up angiography were 1.14 and 0.19 respectively for patients aged 40 years and younger, and 1.30 and 0.30 respectively for patients older than 40 years.ConclusionThe younger patients had clinically favorable outcomes with tolerable angiographic follow-up results. More regular and long-term imaging follow-up is required for younger patients due to their longer life expectancy.","source":"DOAJ","year":2013,"language":"","subjects":["Medicine (General)","Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry"],"doi":"10.5469/neuroint.2013.8.2.73","url":"http://neurointervention.org/upload/pdf/ni-8-73.pdf","pdf_url":"http://neurointervention.org/upload/pdf/ni-8-73.pdf","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":57},{"id":"doaj_10.1186/1744-9081-8-63","title":"Apathy symptoms modulate motivational decision making on the Iowa gambling task","authors":[{"name":"Njomboro Progress"},{"name":"Deb Shoumitro"},{"name":"Humphreys Glyn W"}],"abstract":"\u003cp\u003eAbstract\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackground\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe present study represents an initial attempt to assess the role of apathy in motivated decision making on the Iowa Gambling Task. Clinical descriptions of patients with apathy highlight deficits in the cognitive, emotional and behavioural aspects of goal directed activity, yet standard neurocognitive tests of these measures fail to demonstrate reliable sensitivity to the disorder. Available research suggests the Iowa Gambling Task is a robust test of complex emotional socio-executive processes involved in motivational decision making, which can analogue real-world goal-directed behaviour.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethods\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe ask whether performance on the Iowa Gambling Task can distinguish brain damaged patients with apathy symptoms from 1) brain damaged patients without apathy and 2) neurologically intact controls. Overall, 22 healthy adults and 29 brain damaged patients took part in this study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResults\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrain damaged patients with apathy were distinctively impaired on the Iowa Gambling Task compared to both non-apathetic brain damaged patients and neurologically intact healthy controls. On the other hand, standard measures for the cognitive control of behaviour failed to show this sensitivity.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur results demonstrated that the Iowa Gambling Task is sensitive to the presence of apathy symptoms. We discuss these findings in terms of neurocognition deficits in apathy and the related implications for rehabilitation and clinical intervention.\u003c/p\u003e","source":"DOAJ","year":2012,"language":"","subjects":["Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system"],"doi":"10.1186/1744-9081-8-63","url":"http://www.behavioralandbrainfunctions.com/content/8/1/63","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":56},{"id":"doaj_10.1186/1744-859X-9-S1-S24","title":"EPA in schizophrenia and violence","authors":[{"name":"Treasaden Ian H"}],"abstract":"","source":"DOAJ","year":2010,"language":"","subjects":["Psychiatry"],"doi":"10.1186/1744-859X-9-S1-S24","url":"","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":54}],"total":2098882,"page":1,"page_size":20,"sources":["DOAJ","CrossRef"],"query":"Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry"}