{"results":[{"id":"doaj_10.3389/fonc.2026.1746202","title":"The relationship between perceived stress and depression in colorectal cancer patients: the mediating role of illness perception and the moderating role of self-efficacy","authors":[{"name":"Fuzhuo Wang"},{"name":"Jiashuang Xu"},{"name":"Hong Sun"},{"name":"Xiuli Wang"},{"name":"Zhongguang Che"},{"name":"Ye Huang"}],"abstract":"BackgroundNumerous studies have demonstrated a close association between perceived stress and depression in colorectal cancer patients; however, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study aims to investigate the impact of perceived stress on depression in this population, as well as the mediating role of illness perception and the moderating role of self-efficacy.MethodA cross-sectional design was employed. From May to November 2024, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 290 colorectal cancer patients at two Grade A tertiary hospitals in Shenyang and Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China. The questionnaire comprised sections on general demographics, perceived stress, illness perception, self-efficacy, and depression. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0 and the PROCESS 3.5 macro. Mediation and moderation effects were tested using bootstrap resampling.ResultsA significant positive correlation was found between perceived stress and depression (β = 0.483, P \u0026lt; 0.001) and this relationship was partially mediated by illness perception (β = 0.083). Self-efficacy moderated the association between perceived stress and illness perception (β = 0.024, P \u0026lt; 0.001), with higher levels of self-efficacy strengthening the relationship between perceived stress and illness perception.ConclusionThis study identifies illness perception as a mediating pathway in the association between perceived stress and depression, while self-efficacy moderates the relationship between perceived stress and illness perception. Accordingly, a multidimensional clinical approach may be considered for addressing depressive symptoms in colorectal cancer patients. Such an approach could concurrently target perceived stress reduction, modification of illness perception, and enhancing self-efficacy.","source":"DOAJ","year":2026,"language":"","subjects":["Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens"],"doi":"10.3389/fonc.2026.1746202","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2026.1746202/full","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":70},{"id":"doaj_10.17179/excli2024-7998","title":"Phyto-derived interferons: a promising frontier in antiviral therapy development","authors":[{"name":"Baskar Venkidasamy"},{"name":"Ashok Kumar  Balaraman"},{"name":"Muthu Thiruvengadan"}],"abstract":"","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens","Biology (General)"],"doi":"10.17179/excli2024-7998","url":"https://www.excli.de/excli/article/view/7998","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/curroncol32010033","title":"Engaging Nurses in Effective Cost of Care Conversations to Address Cancer-Related Financial Toxicity: Results from an Exploratory Survey","authors":[{"name":"Jean S. Edward"},{"name":"Amanda Thaxton Wiggins"},{"name":"Louis G. Baser"},{"name":"Haafsah Fariduddin"},{"name":"Joanna F. Doran"},{"name":"Monica F. Bryant"},{"name":"John A. D’Orazio"},{"name":"Kimberly D. Northrip"}],"abstract":"Few evidence-based trainings exist on how to equip healthcare providers, particularly nurses, with the skills to engage in cost of care conversations with patients/caregivers to mitigate the impact of cancer-related financial toxicity. This study evaluated a pilot training developed in collaboration with Triage Cancer\u003csup\u003e®\u003c/sup\u003e to prepare oncology nurses to identify and assist patients/caregivers facing financial and/or legal barriers to care. Ten pediatric oncology nurses completed the training and pre/post-surveys on behaviors related to financial and legal need screening, frequency and comfort level of answering questions, knowledge, and behavior changes, along with training evaluation questions. At baseline, six nurses reported never screening for financial needs and nine for legal needs. Following the training, seven nurses stated they were likely to screen for financial/legal needs. At six months post-training, nurses had referred 85 patients/caregivers to financial/legal navigation services. Comfort levels in answering financial/legal questions increased by 6.5 points and knowledge scores increased by 1.7 points post-training. Most nurses recommended this training to other healthcare providers who work with patients with cancer and their caregivers. This study highlights the importance of providing oncology nurses with resources to engage in cost of care conversations and oncology financial legal navigation programs to mitigate the impact of cancer-related financial toxicity.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens"],"doi":"10.3390/curroncol32010033","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/32/1/33","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.3389/pore.2024.1611929","title":"Anti-ceramide antibody and sphingosine-1-phosphate as potential biomarkers of unresectable non-small cell lung cancer","authors":[{"name":"Lilla Bűdi"},{"name":"Dániel Hammer"},{"name":"Rita Varga"},{"name":"Veronika Müller"},{"name":"Ádám Domonkos Tárnoki"},{"name":"Dávid László Tárnoki"},{"name":"Martina Mészáros"},{"name":"András Bikov"},{"name":"András Bikov"},{"name":"Péter Horváth"}],"abstract":"ObjectivesSpingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramides are bioactive sphingolipids that influence cancer cell fate. Anti-ceramide antibodies might inhibit the effects of ceramide. The aim of this study was to assess the potential role of circulating S1P and anti-ceramide antibody as biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsWe recruited 66 subjects (34 controls and 32 patients with NSCLC). Patient history and clinical variables were taken from all participants. Venous blood samples were collected to evaluate plasma biomarkers. If bronchoscopy was performed, bronchial washing fluid (BWF) was also analyzed. We measured the levels of S1P and anti-ceramide antibody with ELISA.ResultsS1P levels were significantly higher in the NSCLC group (3770.99 ± 762.29 ng/mL vs. 366.53 ± 249.38 ng/mL, patients with NSCLC vs. controls, respectively, p \u0026lt; 0.001). Anti-ceramide antibody levels were significantly elevated in the NSCLC group (278.70 ± 19.26 ng/mL vs. 178.60 ± 18 ng/mL, patients with NSCLC vs. controls, respectively, p = 0.007). Age or BMI had no significant effect on anti-ceramide antibody or S1P levels. BWF samples had higher levels of anti-ceramide antibody (155.29 ± 27.58 ng/mL vs. 105.87 ± 9.99 ng/mL, patients with NSCLC vs. controls, respectively, p \u0026lt; 0.001). Overall survival (OS) was 13.36 months. OS was not affected by anti-ceramide antibody or S1P levels.ConclusionHigher levels of S1P and anti-ceramide antibody were associated with active cancer. These results suggest that sphingolipid alterations might be important features of NSCLC.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens","Pathology"],"doi":"10.3389/pore.2024.1611929","url":"https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2024.1611929/full","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.1186/s12943-024-02221-6","title":"Unveiling the immunomodulatory dance: endothelial cells’ function and their role in non-small cell lung cancer","authors":[{"name":"Sophia Daum"},{"name":"Lilith Decristoforo"},{"name":"Mira Mousa"},{"name":"Stefan Salcher"},{"name":"Christina Plattner"},{"name":"Baharak Hosseinkhani"},{"name":"Zlatko Trajanoski"},{"name":"Dominik Wolf"},{"name":"Peter Carmeliet"},{"name":"Andreas Pircher"}],"abstract":"Abstract The dynamic interactions between tumor endothelial cells (TECs) and the immune microenvironment play a critical role in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In general, endothelial cells exhibit diverse immunomodulatory properties, influencing immune cell recruitment, antigen presentation, and regulation of immune checkpoint expression. Understanding the multifaceted roles of TECs as well as assigning specific functional hallmarks to various TEC phenotypes offer new avenues for targeted development of therapeutic interventions, particularly in the context of advanced immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic treatments. This review provides insights into the complex interplay between TECs and the immune system in NSCLC including discussion of potential optimized therapeutic opportunities.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens"],"doi":"10.1186/s12943-024-02221-6","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-024-02221-6","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.1007/s00432-025-06312-9","title":"Deficient DNA mismatch repair and Nectin-4 expression in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC)","authors":[{"name":"Peichen Duan"},{"name":"Le Yu"},{"name":"Yichang Hao"},{"name":"Shaohui Deng"},{"name":"Peng Hong"},{"name":"Min Lu"},{"name":"Shudong Zhang"}],"abstract":"Abstract Purpose To investigate the prevalence of deficient DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) status in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) and its association with clinicopathological characteristics as well as Nectin-4 immunohistochemical expression. Methods We retrospectively identified histologically confirmed UTUC cases treated at Peking University Third Hospital between December 2016 and September 2023. Eligible participants were required to also possess complete clinicopathological records and available formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor specimens suitable for immunohistochemical evaluation. MMR protein expression was categorized as either dMMR or proficient mismatch repair (pMMR), while Nectin-4 expression was quantitatively assessed using the H-score system. Samples were then classified as negative (H-score 0–14), low (H-score 15–99), medium (H-score 100–199), and high (H-score 200–300). Statistical significance was established at P \u003c 0.05 using two-tailed tests. Results A total of 339 patients were deemed eligible, with specimens successfully evaluated. 25 patients (7.4%) demonstrated dMMR status. High Nectin-4 expression was observed in 124 patients (36.7%). A statistically significant association was identified between dMMR status and elevated Nectin-4 expression (P = 0.044). No significant differences were detected between dMMR and pMMR groups regarding clinical parameters, including gender, age, tumor grade, or immunophenotypic characteristics. Conclusion Our study revealed that 7.4% of UTUC patients exhibited dMMR status, with heterogeneous Nectin-4 expression observed across the cohort. Notably, we demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between dMMR status and elevated Nectin-4 expression, suggesting potential biological interplay. The combined biomarker profile warrants further investigation as a predictive tool for therapeutic strategies involving antibody–drug conjugates (e.g., enfortumab vedotin) and immune checkpoint inhibitors.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens"],"doi":"10.1007/s00432-025-06312-9","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-025-06312-9","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"arxiv_2503.09164","title":"AI-Driven Decision Support in Oncology: Evaluating Data Readiness for Skin Cancer Treatment","authors":[{"name":"Joscha Grüger"},{"name":"Tobias Geyer"},{"name":"Tobias Brix"},{"name":"Michael Storck"},{"name":"Sonja Leson"},{"name":"Laura Bley"},{"name":"Carsten Weishaupt"},{"name":"Ralph Bergmann"},{"name":"Stephan A. Braun"}],"abstract":"This research focuses on evaluating and enhancing data readiness for the development of an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) in the context of skin cancer treatment. The study, conducted at the Skin Tumor Center of the University Hospital Münster, delves into the essential role of data quality, availability, and extractability in implementing effective AI applications in oncology. By employing a multifaceted methodology, including literature review, data readiness assessment, and expert workshops, the study addresses the challenges of integrating AI into clinical decision-making. The research identifies crucial data points for skin cancer treatment decisions, evaluates their presence and quality in various information systems, and highlights the difficulties in extracting information from unstructured data. The findings underline the significance of high-quality, accessible data for the success of AI-driven CDSS in medical settings, particularly in the complex field of oncology.","source":"arXiv","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.AI"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.09164","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.09164","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2025-03-12T08:49:03Z","score":69},{"id":"arxiv_2507.21149","title":"A Mini Review on Tumor Organoid-on-a-Chip Technologies in Personalized Oncology","authors":[{"name":"Keyvan Alavi"}],"abstract":"Tumor organoid-on-a-chip platforms represent a cutting-edge fusion of patient-derived organoids with microfluidic technologies, offering unprecedented capabilities for personalized cancer research. These systems overcome limitations of conventional models by enabling precise control over the tumor microenvironment, including nutrient gradients, fluid flow, and immune interactions. Tumor organoids recapitulate patient-specific tumor heterogeneity and genetic landscapes, while microfluidic chips provide dynamic perfusion and mechanical stimuli, enhancing physiological relevance. Together, they facilitate advanced applications such as high-throughput drug screening, immunotherapy testing, and metastasis modeling, showing superior predictive power for clinical outcomes. Despite challenges in standardization, scalability, and integration of complex tumor components, ongoing advances in hydrogel engineering, automation, and artificial intelligence are poised to accelerate their clinical translation. This review highlights current technologies, applications, and future directions of tumor organoid-on-a-chip systems, emphasizing their transformative potential in precision oncology.","source":"arXiv","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["q-bio.TO"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.21149","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.21149","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2025-07-23T16:58:17Z","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.1002/cnr2.2160","title":"Factors Influencing Adherence to Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy After Breast Cancer Surgery","authors":[{"name":"Aina Johnsson"},{"name":"Anna vonWachenfeldt"}],"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Women with newly diagnosed hormone receptor‐positive breast cancer are offered adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET). Despite the survival benefits of the therapy, a significant proportion of breast cancer patients do not adhere to the anti‐hormonal medication. Aims The purpose of this study was to analyse demographic, social, psychological and treatment‐related factors influencing whether women diagnosed with early‐stage breast cancer were adherent to offered therapy. Materials and Methods This was a long‐term retrospective, medical record study, supplemented with a questionnaire, including 81 women. Data from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register were used to examine adherence. The women were followed for 5 years of offered AET. Results Out of 81 women, 67 (83%) were adherent (hade taken out 80% or more of the recommended dose), 10 (12%) were Partially Adherent and 4 (5%) never accepted AET. At baseline, the Never‐Adherent group members were younger, more often considered themselves healthy and seemed much more satisfied with their lives. Baseline factors that positively affected adherence were satisfaction with the vocational situation (p = 0.023) and satisfaction with family life (p = 0.040). Cumulative musculoskeletal side effects were more frequently reported among women in the Adherent group than Partially Adherent women, after both 12 and 60 months (p = 0.018 and p = 0.011, respectively). There was also a significant difference in reported cumulative psychological side effects (p = 0.049) in disfavour of the Adherent group. Moreover, according to the questionnaire where the women retrospectively were asked which side effects, they experienced during the treatment period; sexual desire was significantly lower in the Adherent group (p = 0.0402) than in the Partially Adherent group. Conclusion It is important to consider a woman's life situation, to support those who otherwise would not be able to complete AET and to help all women relieve side effects during AET. It should be investigated why some women did not start the recommended therapy.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens"],"doi":"10.1002/cnr2.2160","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.2160","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.1016/j.adro.2024.101492","title":"Anesthetic Oxygen Use and Sex Are Critical Factors in the FLASH Sparing Effect","authors":[{"name":"Armin D. Tavakkoli, BA"},{"name":"Megan A. Clark, BE"},{"name":"Alireza Kheirollah, PhD"},{"name":"Austin M. Sloop, MS"},{"name":"Haille E. Soderholm, BA"},{"name":"Noah J. Daniel, MS"},{"name":"Arthur F. Petusseau, PhD"},{"name":"Yina H. Huang, PhD"},{"name":"Charles R. Thomas, Jr, MD"},{"name":"Lesley A. Jarvis, MD, PhD"},{"name":"Rongxiao Zhang, PhD"},{"name":"Brian W. Pogue, PhD"},{"name":"David J. Gladstone, ScD"},{"name":"P. Jack Hoopes, DVM, PhD"}],"abstract":"Purpose: Ultra High Dose-Rate (UHDR) radiation has been reported to spare normal tissue, compared with Conventional Dose-Rate (CDR) radiation. However, important work remains to be done to improve the reproducibility of the FLASH effect. A better understanding of the biologic factors that modulate the FLASH effect may shed light on the mechanism of FLASH sparing. Here, we evaluated whether sex and/or the use of 100% oxygen as a carrier gas during irradiation contribute to the variability of the FLASH effect. Methods and Materials: C57BL/6 mice (24 male, 24 female) were anesthetized using isoflurane mixed with either room air or 100% oxygen. Subsequently, the mice received 27 Gy of either 9 MeV electron UHDR or CDR to a 1.6 cm2 diameter area of the right leg skin using the Mobetron linear accelerator. The primary postradiation endpoint was time to full thickness skin ulceration. In a separate cohort of mice (4 male, 4 female), skin oxygenation was measured using PdG4 Oxyphor under identical anesthesia conditions. Results: Neither supplemental oxygen nor sex affected time to ulceration in CDR irradiated mice. In the UHDR group, skin damage occured earlier in male and female mice that received 100% oxygen compared room air and female mice ulcerated sooner than male mice. However, there was no significant difference in time to ulceration between male and female UHDR mice that received room air. Oxygen measurements showed that tissue oxygenation was significantly higher when using 100% oxygen as the anesthesia carrier gas than when using room air, and female mice showed higher levels of tissue oxygenation than male mice under 100% oxygen. Conclusions: The skin FLASH sparing effect is significantly reduced when using oxygen during anesthesia rather than room air. FLASH sparing was also reduced in female mice compared to male mice. Both tissue oxygenation and sex are likely sources of variability in UHDR studies. These results suggest an oxygen-based mechanism for FLASH, as well as a key role for sex in the FLASH skin sparing effect.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine","Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens"],"doi":"10.1016/j.adro.2024.101492","url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452109424000551","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"arxiv_2402.09476","title":"AI-Enabled Lung Cancer Prognosis","authors":[{"name":"Mahtab Darvish"},{"name":"Ryan Trask"},{"name":"Patrick Tallon"},{"name":"Mélina Khansari"},{"name":"Lei Ren"},{"name":"Michelle Hershman"},{"name":"Bardia Yousefi"}],"abstract":"Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related mortality, claiming approximately 1.79 million lives globally in 2020, with an estimated 2.21 million new cases diagnosed within the same period. Among these, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is the predominant subtype, characterized by a notably bleak prognosis and low overall survival rate of approximately 25% over five years across all disease stages. However, survival outcomes vary considerably based on the stage at diagnosis and the therapeutic interventions administered. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have revolutionized the landscape of lung cancer prognosis. AI-driven methodologies, including machine learning and deep learning algorithms, have shown promise in enhancing survival prediction accuracy by efficiently analyzing complex multi-omics data and integrating diverse clinical variables. By leveraging AI techniques, clinicians can harness comprehensive prognostic insights to tailor personalized treatment strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes in NSCLC. Overviewing AI-driven data processing can significantly help bolster the understanding and provide better directions for using such systems.","source":"arXiv","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["q-bio.QM","cs.AI","eess.IV"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.09476","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.09476","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2024-02-12T22:09:43Z","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.18332/tid/169663","title":"Comparison of attempts and plans to quit tobacco products among single, dual, and triple users","authors":[{"name":"Jieun Hwang"}],"abstract":"Introduction\nTobacco users are categorized as single, dual, and triple users based\non the number of tobacco products (cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and heated tobacco\nproducts) used. This study addressed a literature gap by examining how adult\nKorean tobacco users’ quit attempts/plans differed based on the user type, and\nthe associated psychosocial and subjective health-related factors.\n\nMethods\nWe used a questionnaire to examine participants' self-reported health,\nstress, health concerns, health behavior, tobacco addiction, intentions/plans to\nquit, and demographic characteristics. Data were analyzed using chi-squared tests,\none-way analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression.\n\nResults\nOf the 1288 tobacco users, 55.4%, 28.3%, and 16.4% were single, dual, and\ntriple users, respectively. Self-rated health and stress were lowest among single\nusers and highest among triple users. Most user types had intentions/plans to\nquit, especially triple users. Quit attempts and plans increased with increasing\nhealth behaviors and time elapsed before first tobacco use in the morning, but\ndecreased with higher stress and self-rated addiction.\n\nConclusions\nIntentions/plans to quit tobacco use varied based on the type of tobacco\nuser. Multiple users had higher self-rated health, plans to quit, and self-reported\naddiction; they considered themselves healthy or engaged in healthy behaviors\nto offset problems from tobacco use and used multiple tobacco products to quit\nsmoking. Highly stressed users had fewer plans to quit and used tobacco for stress\nrelief. Thus, the provision of accurate information about tobacco products and\nstress management is important to promote successful quitting.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Diseases of the respiratory system","Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens"],"doi":"10.18332/tid/169663","url":"http://www.tobaccoinduceddiseases.org/Comparison-of-attempts-and-plans-to-quit-tobacco-products-among-single-dual-and-triple,169663,0,2.html","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.1186/s12935-023-02944-4","title":"Prolactin receptor signaling induces acquisition of chemoresistance and reduces clonogenicity in acute myeloid leukemia","authors":[{"name":"Laia Cuesta-Casanovas"},{"name":"Jennifer Delgado-Martínez"},{"name":"Josep M. Cornet-Masana"},{"name":"José M. Carbó"},{"name":"Antònia Banús-Mulet"},{"name":"Francesca Guijarro"},{"name":"Jordi Esteve"},{"name":"Ruth M. Risueño"}],"abstract":"Abstract Background Development of precision medicine requires the identification of easily detectable and druggable biomarkers. Despite recent targeted drug approvals, prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients needs to be greatly improved, as relapse and refractory disease are still difficult to manage. Thus, new therapeutic approaches are needed. Based on in silico-generated preliminary data and the literature, the role of the prolactin (PRL)-mediated signaling was interrogated in AML. Methods Protein expression and cell viability were determined by flow cytometry. Repopulation capacity was studied in murine xenotransplantation assays. Gene expression was measured by qPCR and luciferase-reporters. SA-β-Gal staining was used as a senescence marker. Results The prolactin receptor (PRLR) was upregulated in AML cells, as compared to their healthy counterpart. The genetic and molecular inhibition of this receptor reduced the colony-forming potential. Disruption of the PRLR signaling, either using a mutant PRL or a dominant-negative isoform of PRLR, reduced the leukemia burden in vivo, in xenotransplantation assays. The expression levels of PRLR directly correlated with resistance to cytarabine. Indeed, acquired cytarabine resistance was accompanied with the induction of PRLR surface expression. The signaling associated to PRLR in AML was mainly mediated by Stat5, in contrast to the residual function of Stat3. In concordance, Stat5 mRNA was significantly overexpressed at mRNA levels in relapse AML samples. A senescence-like phenotype, measured by SA-β-gal staining, was induced upon enforced expression of PRLR in AML cells, partially dependent on ATR. Similar to the previously described chemoresistance-induced senescence in AML, no cell cycle arrest was observed. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of PRLR in AML was genetically validated. Conclusions These results support the role of PRLR as a therapeutic target for AML and the further development of drug discovery programs searching for specific PRLR inhibitors.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens","Cytology"],"doi":"10.1186/s12935-023-02944-4","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-023-02944-4","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.4103/crst.crst_316_22","title":"Rezvilutamide in metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer","authors":[{"name":"Akhil P Santhosh"},{"name":"Ajay Gogia"}],"abstract":"","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens"],"doi":"10.4103/crst.crst_316_22","url":"http://www.crstonline.com/article.asp?issn=2590-3233;year=2023;volume=6;issue=1;spage=172;epage=173;aulast=Santhosh","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"arxiv_2304.05411","title":"Precision Oncology: Targeting Genomic Alterations and Cancer Signaling with Integrative Multi-Omics, Deep Learning and Network Biology in Medical Oncology","authors":[{"name":"Manish Kumar"}],"abstract":"Cancer is a complex genetic disease involving uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation, and necessitates effective targeting of dysregulated cellular pathways underlying cancer progression. Multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations characterize tumor progression and define hallmarks of cancer. Importantly, patients with the same cancer type respond differently to available cancer treatments, likely due to tumor-specific DNA, RNA, and proteins, indicating the need for patient-specific treatment options. Precision oncology has evolved as a form of cancer therapy that is focused on genetic and molecular profiling of tumors to identify specific molecular alterations involved in carcinogenesis for tailored individualized cancer treatment. Advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have enabled gene expression profiling, providing multiomics data for detailed molecular characterization of various tumors. Integration and analysis of various multiomic sequencing data are crucial in this regard, as they can reveal critical molecular changes, such as cancer-driving mutations, post-translational modifications, gene fusions, amplifications, and alterations in signaling networks within tumors. Furthermore, the role of computational techniques such as artificial intelligence and deep learning, in analyzing complex data and identifying patterns of disease development for better outcomes is now well established in precision medicine. Additionally, AI-powered multi-omics and network biology have been harnessed to integrate and analyze biological data through networks, which may prove crucial in solving key problems facing precision oncology. This article aims to briefly explain the foundations and frontiers of precision oncology in the context of cutting-edge developments in tools and techniques associated with it, and try to assess its scope and importance in achieving the intended goals.","source":"arXiv","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["q-bio.OT"],"doi":"10.17632/s9pcj32yw2.1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.05411","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.05411","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2023-04-11T17:13:08Z","score":67},{"id":"arxiv_2308.09941","title":"Order-of-mutation effects on cancer progression: models for myeloproliferative neoplasm","authors":[{"name":"Yue Wang"},{"name":"Blerta Shtylla"},{"name":"Tom Chou"}],"abstract":"We develop a modeling framework for cancer progression that distinguishes the order of two possible mutations. Recent observations and information on myeloproliferative neoplasms are analyzed within our framework. In some patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms, two genetic mutations can be found, JAK2 V617F and TET2. Whether or not one mutation is present will influence how the other subsequent mutation affects the regulation of gene expression. When both mutations are present, the order of their occurrence has been shown to influence disease progression and prognosis. In this paper, we propose a nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE) and Markov chain models to explain the non-additive and non-commutative clinical observations with respect to different orders of mutations: gene expression patterns, proportions of cells with different mutations, and ages at diagnosis. We also propose potential experiments measurements that can be used to verify our models.","source":"arXiv","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["q-bio.MN","q-bio.PE"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.09941","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2308.09941","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2023-08-19T08:21:56Z","score":67},{"id":"arxiv_2210.02273","title":"Novel Radiomic Measurements of Tumor- Associated Vasculature Morphology on Clinical Imaging as a Biomarker of Treatment Response in Multiple Cancers","authors":[{"name":"Nathaniel Braman"},{"name":"Prateek Prasanna"},{"name":"Kaustav Bera"},{"name":"Mehdi Alilou"},{"name":"Mohammadhadi Khorrami"},{"name":"Patrick Leo"},{"name":"Maryam Etesami"},{"name":"Manasa Vulchi"},{"name":"Paulette Turk"},{"name":"Amit Gupta"},{"name":"Prantesh Jain"},{"name":"Pingfu Fu"},{"name":"Nathan Pennell"},{"name":"Vamsidhar Velcheti"},{"name":"Jame Abraham"},{"name":"Donna Plecha"},{"name":"Anant Madabhushi"}],"abstract":"Purpose: Tumor-associated vasculature differs from healthy blood vessels by its chaotic architecture and twistedness, which promotes treatment resistance. Measurable differences in these attributes may help stratify patients by likely benefit of systemic therapy (e.g. chemotherapy). In this work, we present a new category of radiomic biomarkers called quantitative tumor-associated vasculature (QuanTAV) features, and demonstrate their ability to predict response and survival across multiple cancers, imaging modalities, and treatment regimens.   Experimental Design: We segmented tumor vessels and computed mathematical measurements of twistedness and organization on routine pre-treatment radiology (CT or contrast-enhanced MRI) from 558 patients, who received one of four first-line chemotherapy-based therapeutic intervention strategies for breast (n=371) or non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, n=187).   Results: Across 4 chemotherapy-based treatment strategies, classifiers of QuanTAV measurements significantly (p\u003c.05) predicted response in held out testing cohorts alone (AUC=0.63-0.71) and increased AUC by 0.06-0.12 when added to models of significant clinical variables alone. QuanTAV risk scores were prognostic of recurrence free survival in treatment cohorts chemotherapy for breast cancer (p=0.002, HR=1.25, 95% CI 1.08-1.44, C-index=.66) and chemoradiation for NSCLC (p=0.039, HR=1.28, 95% CI 1.01-1.62, C-index=0.66). Categorical QuanTAV risk groups were independently prognostic among all treatment groups, including NSCLC patients receiving chemotherapy (p=0.034, HR=2.29, 95% CI 1.07-4.94, C-index=0.62).   Conclusions: Across these domains, we observed an association of vascular morphology on radiology with treatment outcome. Our findings suggest the potential of tumor-associated vasculature shape and structure as a prognostic and predictive biomarker for multiple cancers and treatments.","source":"arXiv","year":2022,"language":"en","subjects":["q-bio.QM","cs.CV","q-bio.TO"],"doi":"10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-21-4148","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.02273","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.02273","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2022-10-05T13:58:27Z","score":66},{"id":"arxiv_2210.02903","title":"Optimal predictive probability designs for randomized biomarker-guided oncology trials","authors":[{"name":"Emily C. Zabor"},{"name":"Alexander M. Kaizer"},{"name":"Nathan A. Pennell"},{"name":"Brian P. Hobbs"}],"abstract":"Efforts to develop biomarker-targeted anti-cancer therapies have progressed rapidly in recent years. Six antibodies acting on programmed death ligand 1 or programmed death 1 pathways were approved in 75 cancer indications between 2015 and 2021. With efforts to expedite regulatory reviews of promising therapies, several targeted cancer therapies have been granted accelerated approval on the basis of single-arm phase II trials. And yet, in the absence of randomization, patient outcomes may not have been studied under standard of care chemotherapies for emerging biomarker subpopulations prior to the submission of an accelerated approval application. Historical control rates used in single arm studies often arise as population averages, lacking specificity to the targeted subgroup. For example, a recent phase III trial of atezolizumab in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma found a 21.6% response rate to standard of care chemotherapy in the biomarker subgbroup of interest, much higher than the historical control rate of 10% that had been used to declare success in the preceding phase II trial. Innovations in design methodology are needed to enable efficient implementation of randomized trials for agents that target biomarker subpopulations. This article proposes three randomized designs for early phase biomarker-guided oncology clinical trials. Each design utilizes the optimal efficiency predictive probability method to monitor multiple biomarker subpopulations for futility. A simulation study motivated by the results reported in the atezolizumab trial is used to evaluate the operating characteristics of the various designs. Our findings suggest that efficient statistical design can be conducted with randomization and futility stopping to effectively acquire more evidence pertaining to comparative efficacy before deciding to conduct a phase III confirmatory trial.","source":"arXiv","year":2022,"language":"en","subjects":["stat.ME","stat.AP"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.02903","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.02903","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2022-10-06T13:18:38Z","score":66},{"id":"doaj_10.3389/fonc.2021.629846","title":"Molecular Chaperone GRP94/GP96 in Cancers: Oncogenesis and Therapeutic Target","authors":[{"name":"Xiaofeng Duan"},{"name":"Stephen Iwanowycz"},{"name":"Soo Ngoi"},{"name":"Megan Hill"},{"name":"Qiang Zhao"},{"name":"Bei Liu"},{"name":"Bei Liu"},{"name":"Bei Liu"}],"abstract":"During tumor development and progression, intrinsic and extrinsic factors trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response, resulting in the increased expression of molecular chaperones to cope with the stress and maintain tumor cell survival. Heat shock protein (HSP) GRP94, also known as GP96, is an ER paralog of HSP90 and has been shown to promote survival signaling during tumor-induced stress and modulate the immune response through its multiple clients, including TLRs, integrins, LRP6, GARP, IGF, and HER2. Clinically, elevated expression of GRP94 correlates with an aggressive phenotype and poor clinical outcome in a variety of cancers. Thus, GRP94 is a potential molecular marker and therapeutic target in malignancies. In this review, we will undergo deep molecular profiling of GRP94 in tumor development and summarize the individual roles of GRP94 in common cancers, including breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, multiple myeloma, and others. Finally, we will briefly review the therapeutic potential of selectively targeting GRP94 for the treatment of cancers.","source":"DOAJ","year":2021,"language":"","subjects":["Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens"],"doi":"10.3389/fonc.2021.629846","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.629846/full","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65},{"id":"doaj_10.1186/s12935-021-01770-w","title":"Cofilin-1, LIMK1 and SSH1 are differentially expressed in locally advanced colorectal cancer and according to consensus molecular subtypes","authors":[{"name":"Annie Cristhine Moraes Sousa-Squiavinato"},{"name":"Renata Ivo Vasconcelos"},{"name":"Adriana Sartorio Gehren"},{"name":"Priscila Valverde Fernandes"},{"name":"Ivanir Martins de Oliveira"},{"name":"Mariana Boroni"},{"name":"Jose Andrés Morgado-Díaz"}],"abstract":"Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the deadliest cancers, wherein early dissemination of tumor cells, and consequently, metastasis formation, are the main causes of mortality and poor prognosis. Cofilin-1 (CFL-1) and its modulators, LIMK1/SSH1, play key roles in mediating the invasiveness by driving actin cytoskeleton reorganization in various cancer types. However, their clinical significance and prognostic value in CRC has not been fully explored. Here, we evaluated the clinical contribution of these actin regulators according to TNM and consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs) classification. Methods CFL-1, LIMK1 and SSH1 mRNA/protein levels were assessed by real-time PCR and immunohistochemical analyses using normal adjacent and tumor tissues obtained from a clinical cohort of CRC patients. The expression levels of these proteins were associated with clinicopathological features by using the chi square test. In addition, using RNA-Seq data of CRC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we determine how these actin regulators are expressed and distributed according to TNM and CMSs classification. Based on gene expression profiling, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to evaluated overall survival. Results Bioinformatic analysis revealed that LIMK1 expression was upregulated in all tumor stages. Patients with high levels of LIMK1 demonstrated significantly lower overall survival rates and exhibited greater lymph node metastatic potential in a clinical cohort. In contrast, CFL-1 and SSH1 have expression downregulated in all tumor stages. However, immunohistochemical analyses showed that patients with high protein levels of CFL-1 and SSH1 exhibited greater lymph node metastatic potential and greater depth of local invasion. In addition, using the CMSs classification to evaluate different biological phenotypes of CRC, we observed that LIMK1 and SSH1 genes are upregulated in immune (CMS1) and mesenchymal (CMS4) subtypes. However, patients with high levels of LIMK1 also demonstrated significantly lower overall survival rates in canonical (CMS2), and metabolic (CMS3) subtypes. Conclusions We demonstrated that CFL-1 and its modulators, LIMK1/SSH1, are differentially expressed and associated with lymph node metastasis in CRC. Finally, this expression profile may be useful to predict patients with aggressive signatures, particularly, the immune and mesenchymal subtypes of CRC.","source":"DOAJ","year":2021,"language":"","subjects":["Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens","Cytology"],"doi":"10.1186/s12935-021-01770-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-021-01770-w","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65}],"total":4429405,"page":1,"page_size":20,"sources":["CrossRef","DOAJ","arXiv"],"query":"Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens"}