{"results":[{"id":"ss_d6e9ca0d2b60e5881e9a06f7bcc5d32cb7f297d8","title":"Ecosystem services response to urbanization in metropolitan areas: Thresholds identification.","authors":[{"name":"Jian Peng"},{"name":"Lü Tian"},{"name":"Yan-xu Liu"},{"name":"Mingyue Zhao"},{"name":"Yi’na Hu"},{"name":"Jiansheng Wu"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2017,"language":"en","subjects":["Geography","Medicine"],"doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.218","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d6e9ca0d2b60e5881e9a06f7bcc5d32cb7f297d8","is_open_access":true,"citations":544,"published_at":"","score":77.32},{"id":"ss_6d3cfd24d9c2eef8f3324653f6e4a0863bca004e","title":"Twin-field quantum key distribution over a 511 km optical fibre linking two distant metropolitan areas","authors":[{"name":"Jiu-Peng Chen"},{"name":"Chi Zhang"},{"name":"Yang Liu"},{"name":"Cong Jiang"},{"name":"Weijun Zhang"},{"name":"Zhi-Yong Han"},{"name":"Shi-Zhao Ma"},{"name":"Xiao-Long Hu"},{"name":"Yuhuai Li"},{"name":"Hui Liu"},{"name":"Fei Zhou"},{"name":"Haifeng Jiang"},{"name":"Teng-Yun Chen"},{"name":"Hao Li"},{"name":"L. You"},{"name":"Zhen Wang"},{"name":"Xiang-Bin Wang"},{"name":"Qiang Zhang"},{"name":"Jian-Wei Pan"}],"abstract":"The basic principle of quantum mechanics1 guarantees the unconditional security of quantum key distribution (QKD)2–6 at the cost of forbidding the amplification of a quantum state. As a result, and despite remarkable progress in worldwide metropolitan QKD networks7,8 over the past decades, a long-haul fibre QKD network without a trusted relay has not yet been achieved. Here, through the sending-or-not-sending protocol9, we achieve twin-field QKD10 and distribute secure keys without any trusted repeater over a 511 km long-haul fibre trunk that links two distant metropolitan areas. The fibre trunk contains 12 fibres in the cable, three of which are used for the quantum channel, optical synchronization and frequency locking, respectively. The remaining nine are used for classical fibre communication. Our secure key rate is around three orders of magnitude greater than that expected if the previous QKD field-test system was applied over the same length. Efficient quantum-state transmission and stable single-photon interference over such a long-haul deployed fibre pave the way to large-scale fibre quantum networks. A field test of twin-field quantum key distribution was implemented through a 511 km optical fibre. To this end, precise wavelength control of remote independent laser sources and fast time- and phase-compensation systems are developed.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["Computer Science","Physics"],"doi":"10.1038/s41566-021-00828-5","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6d3cfd24d9c2eef8f3324653f6e4a0863bca004e","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.00433","is_open_access":true,"citations":242,"published_at":"","score":72.25999999999999},{"id":"ss_a5cfcad78f93b828961ac8219a7fc0f513751cfe","title":"Leading Causes of Death in Nonmetropolitan and Metropolitan Areas— United States, 1999–2014","authors":[{"name":"E. Moy"},{"name":"Macarena C. Garcia"},{"name":"B. Bastian"},{"name":"L. Rossen"},{"name":"D. D. Ingram"},{"name":"M. Faul"},{"name":"Greta M. Massetti"},{"name":"Cheryll C. Thomas"},{"name":"Yuling Hong"},{"name":"P. Yoon"},{"name":"M. F. Iademarco"}],"abstract":"Problem/Condition Higher rates of death in nonmetropolitan areas (often referred to as rural areas) compared with metropolitan areas have been described but not systematically assessed. Period Covered 1999–2014 Description of System Mortality data for U.S. residents from the National Vital Statistics System were used to calculate age-adjusted death rates and potentially excess deaths for nonmetropolitan and metropolitan areas for the five leading causes of death. Age-adjusted death rates included all ages and were adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population by the direct method. Potentially excess deaths are defined as deaths among persons aged \u003c80 years that exceed the numbers that would be expected if the death rates of states with the lowest rates (i.e., benchmark states) occurred across all states. (Benchmark states were the three states with the lowest rates for each cause during 2008–2010.) Potentially excess deaths were calculated separately for nonmetropolitan and metropolitan areas. Data are presented for the United States and the 10 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services public health regions. Results Across the United States, nonmetropolitan areas experienced higher age-adjusted death rates than metropolitan areas. The percentages of potentially excess deaths among persons aged \u003c80 years from the five leading causes were higher in nonmetropolitan areas than in metropolitan areas. For example, approximately half of deaths from unintentional injury and chronic lower respiratory disease in nonmetropolitan areas were potentially excess deaths, compared with 39.2% and 30.9%, respectively, in metropolitan areas. Potentially excess deaths also differed among and within public health regions; within regions, nonmetropolitan areas tended to have higher percentages of potentially excess deaths than metropolitan areas. Interpretation Compared with metropolitan areas, nonmetropolitan areas have higher age-adjusted death rates and greater percentages of potentially excess deaths from the five leading causes of death, nationally and across public health regions. Public Health Action Routine tracking of potentially excess deaths in nonmetropolitan areas might help public health departments identify emerging health problems, monitor known problems, and focus interventions to reduce preventable deaths in these areas.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2017,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.15585/mmwr.ss6601a1","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a5cfcad78f93b828961ac8219a7fc0f513751cfe","pdf_url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc5829895?pdf=render","is_open_access":true,"citations":310,"published_at":"","score":70.3},{"id":"doaj_10.28925/1609-8595.2025.2.6","title":"DIGITAL TOOLS FOR MONITORING THE QUALITY OF UNIVERSITY EDUCATION","authors":[{"name":"Oksana Buinytska "},{"name":"Valeriia Smirnova"},{"name":"Bohdan Hrytseliak"},{"name":"Anastasiia Tiutiunnyk"}],"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of the quality assurance issues in higher education. Based on the analysis of international regulations on quality assurance and methodologies of international and Ukrainian ratings, the authors identify key areas of monitoring and relevant indicators of internal assessment. They affect the quality, and the relationship between them provides a comprehensive assessment of the quality of higher education. The key to ensuring high-quality education at a university is the introduction of internal assessment with key indicators using digital tools, which allows collecting and analyzing data, processing large amounts of data to make informed decisions, supporting effective management, administration, and visualization of performance. Conducting systematic monitoring with the identified indicators allows systematic evaluation of the effectiveness of educational activities, timely identification of areas for improvement, and ensures compliance with European standards of education quality. The article presents the results of the analysis of the key indicators of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University in the areas of «Reputational support of the educational process», «Reputational attractiveness of educational content», «Teaching reputation», «International reputation», «Academic reputation», which allows not only to assess the current level of the quality of educational services but also to obtain the dynamics of its changes.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Education"],"doi":"10.28925/1609-8595.2025.2.6","url":"","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"ss_eb4e22bdba1ac9e01c7c3944430930d384a52e81","title":"An integrated approach towards spatial identification of restored and conserved priority areas of ecological network for implementation planning in metropolitan region","authors":[{"name":"Longyang Huang"},{"name":"Jing Wang"},{"name":"Ying Fang"},{"name":"Tianlin Zhai"},{"name":"Hang Cheng"}],"abstract":"Abstract Rapid urbanization has led to landscape fragmentation, habitat loss, and the disruption of ecosystem functions. Ecological networks (ENs) are effective comprehensive spatial regulation schemes for mitigating the negative impacts of rapid urbanization on ecosystems. However, the methods of constructing ENs were not sufficiently developed for determining its spatial range and overlooked its internal defects and external threats which may affect its function and effectiveness. Taking the Shanghai metropolitan region as a case study area, this study developed an integrated approach to identify the spatial range, internal defects and external threats of ENs based on circuit theory and assessment of ecological degradation risk to identify the restored and conserved priority areas of ENs. The results show that the restored priority areas included the obstacles and ecological fracture points of ecological corridors in the terrestrial ecosystem (TEC), covering an area of 79.21 km2, and the conserved priority areas were composed of 273.3 km2 of areal ecological patches in the TEC, and 891.35 km of waterways of ecological corridors in the aquatic ecosystem (AEC). This approach attempts to provide a spatial reference for the identification and implementation of ENs in metropolitan regions by focusing on restored and conserved priority areas.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["Geography"],"doi":"10.1016/J.SCS.2021.102865","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/eb4e22bdba1ac9e01c7c3944430930d384a52e81","is_open_access":true,"citations":132,"published_at":"","score":68.96000000000001},{"id":"ss_fb4c1d6f2f3f99614c2c2f8479f2348537cf9257","title":"Metropolitan areas in the world. Delineation and population trends","authors":[{"name":"A. Moreno-Monroy"},{"name":"Marcello Schiavina"},{"name":"P. Veneri"}],"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents a novel method to delineate metropolitan areas – or functional urban areas (FUAs) – in the entire world and assesses their population trends. According to the definition developed by the OECD and the European Union, FUAs are composed of high-density urban centres with at least 50 thousand people plus their surrounding commuting zones. The latter represent the urban centres’ areas of influence in terms of labour market flows. The proposed method combines a functional and a morphological approach to overcome the dependency on travel-to-work data to define commuting zones and allow a global delineation. It relies on a probabilistic approach and the use of population and travel impedance gridded data across the globe. Results show that around 3.9 billion people, making up 53% of the world population, live in 8,790 FUAs, out of which 17% live in their commuting zones. Between 2000 and 2015, population growth was higher in larger FUAs, highlighting a general trend toward higher concentration of the metropolitan population. Commuting zones grew faster than urban centres, though with heterogeneous patterns across world regions, income levels and metropolitan size.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":["Geography"],"doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2020.103242","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fb4c1d6f2f3f99614c2c2f8479f2348537cf9257","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2020.103242","is_open_access":true,"citations":143,"published_at":"","score":68.28999999999999},{"id":"ss_4d482841f603167d859eec4a6924f77173c9dc1b","title":"Land Use Change, Spatial Interaction, and Sustainable Development in the Metropolitan Urban Areas, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia","authors":[{"name":"B. Surya"},{"name":"D. N. A. Ahmad"},{"name":"Harry Hardian Sakti"},{"name":"Hernita Sahban"}],"abstract":"Metropolitan Urban Mamminasata South Sulawesi, Indonesia as the object of study is explored in the core-peripheral spatial interaction towards the formation of suburban service centers. The problems raised in this study are (i) is there a relationship/correlation between spatial integration, spatial interaction, and urban agglomeration to the formation of urban activity systems and (ii) how the formation of urban activity systems works as a determinant of economic growth, land use change and environmental quality degradation towards sustainable development in the metropolitan city of Mamminasata. Comparative studies of suburban areas have been carried out over three time periods (2001, 2015 and 2019). Data elaboration on observations, surveys and documentation is done to describe urban dynamics in terms of economic, social and environmental aspects. Path analysis is used to address direct effects, indirect effects, differences, and dependencies between urban elements. The gravity model is used to analyze the spatial interactions of the core city with the periphery. The study results show that spatial integration, spatial interaction and urban agglomeration have a positive effect on the system of urban activity and economic growth in the outskirts of the Mamminasata Metropolitan area. The results of this study recommend policy makers and urban planners that land use change, spatial integration and urban spatial interactions on the spatial scale of metropolitan cities to require the implementation of sustainable development concepts oriented towards saving the environment, ensuring fairness in economic access and creating social cohesion, in line with meeting national Metropolitan city development targets by 2030.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":["Geography"],"doi":"10.3390/land9030095","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4d482841f603167d859eec4a6924f77173c9dc1b","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/9/3/95/pdf?version=1585208037","is_open_access":true,"citations":136,"published_at":"","score":68.08},{"id":"doaj_10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112785","title":"Evaluating the effect of comprehensive land consolidation on spatial reconstruction of rural production, living, and ecological spaces","authors":[{"name":"Pengfei Gao"},{"name":"Chaoxian Yang"},{"name":"Yong Liu"},{"name":"Guixin Xin"},{"name":"Rongrong Chen"}],"abstract":"China’s long-standing dual-track institutions, which differentiate between urban and rural areas, have prioritized urban development, exacerbating the urban–rural divide and contributing to the ongoing decline of rural regions. In response, the “Comprehensive Land Consolidation”(CLC) policy has garnered significant attention from both academics and policymakers. However, there is an urgent need to assess the effectiveness of CLC in revitalizing rural areas. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the impact of CLC on the reconstruction of rural spaces, including production, living, and ecological spaces (PLES). We examined CLC’s role in shaping rural spaces by developing an evaluation index system and employing the TOPSIS method along with obstacle degree models to measure its effects. Our findings reveal that CLC’s impact on rural spatial reconstruction in Chongqing is D3 (good) and varies across regions. The reconstruction of production and living spaces is more pronounced in metropolitan areas compared to rural-dominated regions in the northeast and southeast. Conversely, the effect on ecological spaces is slightly greater in remote areas than in metropolitan areas. The primary obstacle to effective reconstruction is the vitality of production spaces, though the factors influencing reconstruction differ across regions. Therefore, different regions should adopt differentiated CLC strategies. The main urban area should focus on ecological spatial governance and agricultural modernization infrastructure; the northeastern region should strengthen public service infrastructure and improve production and living pollution treatment facilities; and the southeastern region should moderately concentrate the population and improve the efficiency of services, as well as protect and excavate the cultures of ethnic minorities.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Ecology"],"doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112785","url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X24012421","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.1057/s41599-024-03343-4","title":"Unveiling local patterns of child pornography consumption in France using Tor","authors":[{"name":"Till Koebe"},{"name":"Zinnya del Villar"},{"name":"Brahmani Nutakki"},{"name":"Nursulu Sagimbayeva"},{"name":"Ingmar Weber"}],"abstract":"Abstract Child pornography—better known as child sexual abuse material (CSAM)—represents a severe form of exploitation and victimization of children, leaving the victims with emotional and physical trauma. In this study, we aim to analyze local patterns of CSAM consumption across 1341 French communes in 20 metropolitan regions of France between March 16 to May 31, 2019 using fine-grained mobile traffic data of Tor network-related web services. We estimate that approx. 0.08% of Tor mobile download traffic observed in France is linked to the consumption of CSAM by correlating it with local-level temporal porn consumption patterns. This compares to 0.19% of what we conservatively estimate to be the share of CSAM content in global Tor traffic. In line with existing literature on the link between sexual child abuse and the consumption of image-based content thereof, we observe a positive and statistically significant effect of our CSAM consumption estimates on the reported number of victims of sexual violence and vice versa, which validates our findings, after controlling for a set of geographically disaggregated features including socio-demographic characteristics, voting behavior, nearby points of interest and Google Trends queries. While this is a first, exploratory attempt to look at CSAM from a spatial epidemiological angle, we believe this research provides public health officials with valuable information to prioritize target areas for public awareness campaigns as another step to fulfill the global community’s pledge to target 16.2 of the sustainable development goals: “end abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence and torture against children\".","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["History of scholarship and learning. The humanities","Social Sciences"],"doi":"10.1057/s41599-024-03343-4","url":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03343-4","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"ss_b90ed61b3944f10c0d79ab5b943d2bad4ccd8c5c","title":"Inequality in the availability of residential air conditioning across 115 US metropolitan areas","authors":[{"name":"Yasmin Romitti"},{"name":"Ian Sue Wing"},{"name":"K. Spangler"},{"name":"G. Wellenius"}],"abstract":"Abstract Continued climate change is increasing the frequency, severity, and duration of populations’ high temperature exposures. Indoor cooling is a key adaptation, especially in urban areas, where heat extremes are intensified—the urban heat island effect (UHI)—making residential air conditioning (AC) availability critical to protecting human health. In the United States, the differences in residential AC prevalence from one metropolitan area to another is well understood, but its intra-urban variation is poorly characterized, obscuring neighborhood-scale variability in populations’ heat vulnerability and adaptive capacity. We address this gap by constructing empirically derived probabilities of residential AC for 45,995 census tracts across 115 metropolitan areas. Within cities, AC is unequally distributed, with census tracts in the urban “core” exhibiting systematically lower prevalence than their suburban counterparts. Moreover, this disparity correlates strongly with multiple indicators of social vulnerability and summer daytime surface UHI intensity, highlighting the challenges that vulnerable urban populations face in adapting to climate-change driven heat stress amplification.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2022,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac210","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b90ed61b3944f10c0d79ab5b943d2bad4ccd8c5c","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article-pdf/1/4/pgac210/48849522/pgac210.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":66,"published_at":"","score":67.97999999999999},{"id":"ss_36b22e8ac9f221807d48da3fc03fd54438d5bcae","title":"Revisiting car dependency: A worldwide analysis of car travel in global metropolitan areas","authors":[{"name":"Pedram Saeidizand"},{"name":"K. Fransen"},{"name":"Kobe Boussauw"}],"abstract":"Abstract This article aims to contribute to the understanding of car dependency of cities, a line of inquiry which emerged in the late 1980s. First, we update possibly outdated insights based on more recent data. Second, we highlight methodological limitations of this type of research, which will help determine the relevance of typical findings in the broader debate on urban sustainability. For our analysis, we base ourselves on the Mobility in Cities Database which includes properties of urban form and mobility of 56 metropolitan areas worldwide. Using OLS modelling, we found that density, public transport supply and demand, car ownership, fuel price and level of congestion are important predictors of car use. However, although these variables are significantly associated with car travel in metropolitan areas, they do explain variance to a limited extent only, partly since such variables do not cover underlying personal attributes such as age, income, attitudes, or residential self-selection. This puts the findings and the implications of earlier comparative analysis of car dependency of metropolitan areas into perspective and questions the tendency of urban planning policies to view urban density as a silver bullet solution.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["Geography"],"doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2021.103467","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/36b22e8ac9f221807d48da3fc03fd54438d5bcae","pdf_url":"https://biblio.vub.ac.be/vubirfiles/75204810/pre_published.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":90,"published_at":"","score":67.7},{"id":"ss_7fd8b5c696b1ad4e40ec688a4342f2cae44996ae","title":"Association of Local Variation in Neighborhood Disadvantage in Metropolitan Areas With Youth Neurocognition and Brain Structure.","authors":[{"name":"Daniel A. Hackman"},{"name":"Dora Cserbik"},{"name":"J. Chen"},{"name":"K. Berhane"},{"name":"Bita Minaravesh"},{"name":"R. McConnell"},{"name":"M. Herting"}],"abstract":"Importance Neighborhood disadvantage is an important social determinant of health in childhood and adolescence. Less is known about the association of neighborhood disadvantage with youth neurocognition and brain structure, and particularly whether associations are similar across metropolitan areas and are attributed to local differences in disadvantage. Objective To test whether neighborhood disadvantage is associated with youth neurocognitive performance and with global and regional measures of brain structure after adjusting for family socioeconomic status and perceptions of neighborhood characteristics, and to assess whether these associations (1) are pervasive or limited, (2) vary across metropolitan areas, and (3) are attributed to local variation in disadvantage within metropolitan areas. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study analyzed baseline data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, a cohort study conducted at 21 sites across the US. Participants were children aged 9.00 to 10.99 years at enrollment. They and their parent or caregiver completed a baseline visit between October 1, 2016, and October 31, 2018. Exposures Neighborhood disadvantage factor based on US census tract characteristics. Main Outcomes and Measures Neurocognition was measured with the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery, and T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess whole-brain and regional measures of structure. Linear mixed-effects models examined the association between neighborhood disadvantage and outcomes after adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Results Of the 11 875 children in the ABCD Study cohort, 8598 children (72.4%) were included in this analysis. The study sample had a mean (SD) age of 118.8 (7.4) months and included 4526 boys (52.6%). Every 1-unit increase in the neighborhood disadvantage factor was associated with lower performance on 6 of 7 subtests, such as Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention (unstandardized Β = -0.5; 95% CI, -0.7 to -0.2; false discovery rate (FDR)-corrected P = .001) and List Sorting Working Memory (unstandardized Β = -0.7; 95% CI, -1.0 to -0.3; FDR-corrected P \u003c .001), as well as on all composite measures of neurocognition, such as the Total Cognition Composite (unstandardized Β = -0.7; 95% CI, -0.9 to -0.5; FDR-corrected P \u003c .001). Each 1-unit increase in neighborhood disadvantage was associated with lower whole-brain cortical surface area (unstandardized Β = -692.6 mm2; 95% CI, -1154.9 to -230.4 mm2; FDR-corrected P = .007) and subcortical volume (unstandardized Β = -113.9 mm3; 95% CI, -198.5 to -29.4 mm3; FDR-corrected P = .03) as well as with regional surface area differences, primarily in the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. Associations largely remained after adjusting for perceptions of neighborhood safety and were both consistent across metropolitan areas and primarily explained by local variation in each area. Conclusions and Relevance This study found that, in the US, local variation in neighborhood disadvantage was associated with lower neurocognitive performance and smaller cortical surface area and subcortical volume in young people. The findings demonstrate that neighborhood disadvantage is an environmental risk factor for neurodevelopmental and population health and enhancing the neighborhood context is a promising approach to improving the health and development of children and adolescents.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.0426","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7fd8b5c696b1ad4e40ec688a4342f2cae44996ae","pdf_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8094040","is_open_access":true,"citations":88,"published_at":"","score":67.64},{"id":"ss_908c24bc08505625bebf56de93d00693005904de","title":"Self-Medication With Over-the-counter Medicines Among the Working Age Population in Metropolitan Areas of Thailand","authors":[{"name":"Sineenart Chautrakarn"},{"name":"Waraporn Khumros"},{"name":"P. Phutrakool"}],"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Self-medication with over-the-counter (OTC) medicines is becoming an increasingly popular practice around the world. The global prevalence rate of self-medication ranges from 11.2% to 93.7%, depending on the target population and country. However, there is a lack of data on the prevalence and practices of self-medication among the working-age population, particularly in Thailand metropolitan areas. The current study describes the prevalence of self-medication practices, adverse drug reactions and severity, reasons for self-medication, and basic medication knowledge among people of working age in metropolitan areas in Thailand. Methods: We conducted an online cross-sectional study between December 2020 and January 2021. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze self-medication data. A chi-square test was used to assess the association between self-medication and sociodemographic characteristics. Results: This study found high prevalence of self-medication among the working-age population in metropolitan areas of Thailand (88.2%). The most commonly used drug groups were NSAIDs (34.8%) and antibiotics (30.2%). Minor illness and easy access to pharmacies were the most common reasons for self-medication. Almost half of the participants' illnesses (42.6%) for which they self-medicated were not always completely cured, necessitating treatment at a hospital or clinic. Although only a small number of participants (ranged from 0.6 to 6.6%) experienced adverse drug reactions as a result of self-medication, some had severe symptoms that disrupted their daily lives or required hospitalization. In terms of basic medication knowledge, we discovered that study participants misunderstood some antibiotic drug concepts. Conclusions: According to the study findings, it is recommended that more information about the risks of self-medication, drug adverse reactions, antibiotic stewardship, more supervision of the prohibition of over-the-counter drugs and selling practices, and adequate facilities for peoples access to medical services be provided at the policy level.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.3389/fphar.2021.726643","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/908c24bc08505625bebf56de93d00693005904de","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.726643/pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":86,"published_at":"","score":67.58},{"id":"ss_428b51a1071f019f5df5cce1130e6ced6d679e68","title":"Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Disparities in Access to Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Within Major Metropolitan Areas.","authors":[{"name":"Ashwin S. Nathan"},{"name":"Lin Yang"},{"name":"Nancy Yang"},{"name":"L. Eberly"},{"name":"S. Khatana"},{"name":"E. Dayoub"},{"name":"S. Vemulapalli"},{"name":"H. Julien"},{"name":"D. Cohen"},{"name":"B. Nallamothu"},{"name":"S. Baron"},{"name":"N. Desai"},{"name":"W. Szeto"},{"name":"H. Herrmann"},{"name":"P. Groeneveld"},{"name":"Jay S Giri"},{"name":"Alexander C. Fanaroff"}],"abstract":"Importance Despite the benefits of high-technology therapeutics, inequitable access to these technologies may generate disparities in care. Objective To examine the association between zip code-level racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic composition and rates of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) among Medicare patients living within large metropolitan areas with TAVR programs. Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter, nationwide cross-sectional analysis of Medicare claims data between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2018, included beneficiaries of fee-for-service Medicare who were 66 years or older living in the 25 largest metropolitan core-based statistical areas. Exposure Receipt of TAVR. Main Outcomes and Measures The association between zip code-level racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic composition and rates of TAVR per 100 000 Medicare beneficiaries. Results Within the studied metropolitan areas, there were 7590 individual zip codes. The mean (SD) age of Medicare beneficiaries within these areas was 71.4 (2.0) years, a mean (SD) of 47.6% (5.8%) of beneficiaries were men, and a mean (SD) of 4.0% (7.0%) were Asian, 11.1% (18.9%) were Black, 8.0% (12.9%) were Hispanic, and 73.8% (24.9%) were White. The mean number of TAVRs per 100 000 Medicare beneficiaries by zip code was 249 (IQR, 0-429). For each $1000 decrease in median household income, the number of TAVR procedures performed per 100 000 Medicare beneficiaries was 0.2% (95% CI, 0.1%-0.4%) lower (P = .002). For each 1% increase in the proportion of patients who were dually eligible for Medicaid services, the number of TAVR procedures performed per 100 000 Medicare beneficiaries was 2.1% (95% CI, 1.3%-2.9%) lower (P \u003c .001). For each 1-unit increase in the Distressed Communities Index score, the number of TAVR procedures performed per 100 000 Medicare beneficiaries was 0.4% (95% CI, 0.2%-0.5%) lower (P \u003c .001). Rates of TAVR were lower in zip codes with higher proportions of patients of Black race and Hispanic ethnicity, despite adjusting for socioeconomic markers, age, and clinical comorbidities. Conclusions and Relevance Within major metropolitan areas in the US with TAVR programs, zip codes with higher proportions of Black and Hispanic patients and those with greater socioeconomic disadvantages had lower rates of TAVR, adjusting for age and clinical comorbidities. Whether this reflects a different burden of symptomatic aortic stenosis by race and socioeconomic status or disparities in use of TAVR requires further study.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1001/jamacardio.2021.4641","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/428b51a1071f019f5df5cce1130e6ced6d679e68","pdf_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8600460","is_open_access":true,"citations":82,"published_at":"","score":67.46000000000001},{"id":"ss_2c25994b281daa320440c8dd0073c5b0003e6afc","title":"Geographic and Socioeconomic Disparities in Major Lower Extremity Amputation Rates in Metropolitan Areas","authors":[{"name":"Alexander C. Fanaroff"},{"name":"Lin Yang"},{"name":"Ashwin S. Nathan"},{"name":"S. Khatana"},{"name":"H. Julien"},{"name":"Tracy Y. Wang"},{"name":"Ehrin J. Armstrong"},{"name":"D. Treat-Jacobson"},{"name":"J. Glaser"},{"name":"Grace J. Wang"},{"name":"S. Damrauer"},{"name":"Jay S Giri"},{"name":"P. Groeneveld"}],"abstract":"Background Rates of major lower extremity amputation in patients with peripheral artery disease are higher in rural communities with markers of low socioeconomic status, but most Americans live in metropolitan areas. Whether amputation rates vary within US metropolitan areas is unclear, as are characteristics of high amputation rate urban communities. Methods and Results We estimated rates of major lower extremity amputation per 100 000 Medicare beneficiaries between 2010 and 2018 at the ZIP code level among ZIP codes with ≥100 beneficiaries. We described demographic characteristics of high and low amputation ZIP codes, and the association between major amputation rate and 3 ZIP code–level markers of socioeconomic status—the proportion of patients with dual eligibility for Medicaid, median household income, and Distressed Communities Index score—for metropolitan, micropolitan, and rural ZIP code cohorts. Between 2010 and 2018, 188 995 Medicare fee‐for‐service patients living in 31 391 ZIP codes with ≥100 beneficiaries had a major lower extremity amputation. The median (interquartile range) ZIP code–level number of amputations per 100 000 beneficiaries was 262 (75–469). Though nonmetropolitan ZIP codes had higher rates of major amputation than metropolitan areas, 78.2% of patients undergoing major amputation lived in metropolitan areas. Compared with ZIP codes with lower amputation rates, top quartile amputation rate ZIP codes had a greater proportion of Black residents (4.4% versus 17.5%, P\u003c0.001). In metropolitan areas, after adjusting for clinical comorbidities and demographics, every $10 000 lower median household income was associated with a 4.4% (95% CI, 3.9–4.8) higher amputation rate, and a 10‐point higher Distressed Communities Index score was associated with a 3.8% (95% CI, 3.4%–4.2%) higher amputation rate; there was no association between the proportion of patients eligible for Medicaid and amputation rate. These findings were comparable to the associations identified across all ZIP codes. Conclusions In metropolitan areas, where most individuals undergoing lower extremity amputation live, markers of lower socioeconomic status and Black race were associated with higher rates of major lower extremity amputation. Development of community‐based tools for peripheral artery disease diagnosis and management targeted to communities with high amputation rates in urban areas may help reduce inequities in peripheral artery disease outcomes.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1161/JAHA.121.021456","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2c25994b281daa320440c8dd0073c5b0003e6afc","pdf_url":"https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/JAHA.121.021456","is_open_access":true,"citations":68,"published_at":"","score":67.03999999999999},{"id":"doaj_10.1016/j.wss.2023.100161","title":"Immigrant attraction and retention: An exploration of local government policies","authors":[{"name":"Evan Cleave"},{"name":"Cailin Wark"},{"name":"Emmanuel Kyeremeh"}],"abstract":"For cities, immigration is now considered a vital part of local economic and community development. Over the past half-century, many cities have experienced a series challenges caused by the impacts of late-stage demographic transition; the slow bleeding of skilled domestic workers to larger metropolitan areas; and the decline of traditional economic sectors. As a result, there has been a prioritization of attracting and retaining high-skilled and well-educated immigrants by local governments through locally-focused, place-based policies. Within this context, this paper examines the ways that cities in the Province of Ontario, Canada are constructing and implementing immigrant attraction, integration, and retention strategies. To achieve this goal, we identified and examined the local immigration policies of the 52 cities in Ontario, 36 of which have a formal immigration policy document. A comprehensive content analysis was conducted on these available to identify the ways that immigration is conceptualized, and the specific policies and approaches that local governments are implementing. Statistical analysis was used to determine if there was variation in policy across different types of cities. Based on this analysis, local governments are generally developing holistic, place-based policies – however, there is variation in approaches across cities of different sizes and geographies. These place-specific policies draw on local assets and advantages (i.e. existing migrant communities; local amenities and attractions; economic and education opportunities) while also work to enhance enhancing local capacity (i.e. building networks and immigration partnerships; training employers and city workers).","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Human ecology. Anthropogeography","Social sciences (General)"],"doi":"10.1016/j.wss.2023.100161","url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666558123000349","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.1051/e3sconf/202340703004","title":"Environmental Protection Areas as a Strategy to Increase Flood Protection in Metropolitan Regions: A Case Study in Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","authors":[{"name":"Vitória Ribeiro Gomes Maria"},{"name":"Figueiredo Ferreira Giulia"},{"name":"Ferreira de Araújo Daniele"},{"name":"Rinaldi de Mattos Rodrigo"},{"name":"Pires Veról Aline"},{"name":"Canedo de Magalhães Paulo"},{"name":"Moura Rezende Osvaldo"},{"name":"Gomes Miguez Marcelo"}],"abstract":"In peripheral countries, the lack of adequate urban planning associated with natural dynamics intensifies the existing vulnerabilities of the environment, causing physical and material losses. Therefore, this research aims to discuss the potential use of Environmental Protection Areas as a tool to drive urban growth with a low-impact development, helping to mitigate urban floods and bringing nature into the city landscape. The municipality of Maricá, located in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is taken as a case study. The method proposed to drive the regional environmental planning and management can be described as a three-stage method coupled with the adapted SWOT Matrix, following: the diagnosis, the prognosis, and the action plan. This process points to the definition of a Hydrological Interest Area that would allow not only the restoration of local vegetation and a better interaction of the population with the watercourses, but also the recovery of areas that have been gradually impacted by the urban expansion. The method presented in this research allows its application in different urban contexts, once it has the objective of recognizing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to allow the elaboration of sustainable actions and guidelines.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Environmental sciences"],"doi":"10.1051/e3sconf/202340703004","url":"https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2023/44/e3sconf_apeem2023_03004.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2023/44/e3sconf_apeem2023_03004.pdf","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.29138/ijebd.v6i2.2159","title":"Comparative Study of The Sustainability Transport Systems","authors":[{"name":"Jenny Jenny"},{"name":"Andri Irfan Rifai"},{"name":"Susanty Handayani"}],"abstract":"\nPurpose: Compare of the sustainability transportation systems between Indonesia and Germany. Learning implements some lessons learned from the German experience to the development of transportation planning in Indonesia to support sustainable land use and transportation by comparing and analyzing the probability of converting and adopting reducing private transportation, landscape, financing mechanisms, and transport mechanism between Germany and Indonesia.\n\r\n\nDesign/methodology/approach: Analyzing obtained data based on the comparison's parameters framework.\n\r\n\nFindings: Potentially, a parameter that can be set to develop a better transportation system for environmental and people safety, or even to reduce the congestion that occurs in most of Indonesia's metropolitan areas.\n\r\n\nResearch limitations/implications: Since the study location is in fact somewhat distant, the information that is gathered to analyze the comparison is only chosen from each country's broad outline and is not otherwise specified.\n\r\n\nPractical implications: Finding solution for a better sustainable transportation in Indonesia that can be implemented.\n\r\n\nOriginality/value: The analytical framework that is implemented in this comparative study is a methodically innovative approach form of developing an Innovative Transport System that is to aim a better use of transport network.\n\r\n\nPaper type: Literature Review\n","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Business"],"doi":"10.29138/ijebd.v6i2.2159","url":"https://jurnal.narotama.ac.id/index.php/ijebd/article/view/2159","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/rs15133226","title":"Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Urbanization in the Taiwan Strait Based on Nighttime Light Data from 1992 to 2020","authors":[{"name":"Yuqing Ye"},{"name":"Guoliang Yun"},{"name":"Yuanrong He"},{"name":"Ruijin Lin"},{"name":"Tingting He"},{"name":"Zhiheng Qian"}],"abstract":"Urbanization is a crucial indicator which reflects the socio-economic development of a country or region. The regions across the Taiwan Strait (TSR) have garnered attention worldwide as being representative of typical urbanization development along the southeastern coast. Currently, research in the TSR predominantly focuses on individual regions, with limited academic achievements comparing urbanization paths across the strait. In particular, the domain of comparative analysis of the spatiotemporal characteristics of urbanization dynamics in TSR by using long time series of nighttime light data remains largely underexplored. Therefore, this study focused on comparing the urbanization paths in the TSR and analyzing the spatiotemporal characteristics of urbanization by using the long-term nighttime light data from 1992 to 2020. Additionally, some methods such as Theil–Sen median trend analysis, Mann–Kendall significance test, Hurst exponent, spatial statistics, and time series were used to quantitatively analyze the spatial distribution patterns and temporal trends of nighttime lights in the TSR since 1992. The results were as follows: (1) From 1992 to 2020, the spatial distribution of nighttime light data in TSR exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity, with high-value areas mainly located in southeastern Fujian and northwestern Taiwan, while low-value areas were concentrated in Fujian’s inland regions; (2) During this period, nighttime lighting data increased from 729,863 in 1992 to 2,729,052 in 2020, and the percentage of its high-value (40–063) increased from 2.59% in 1992 to 12.22% in 2020; (3) Comparison of nighttime light data across representative cities from Taiwan (Taipei, Hsinchu) and Fujian (Xiamen, Fuzhou) uncovered distinct growth patterns—while Taiwanese cities had a high initial brightness value (the lowest value in the last 30 years was 518,379.4), their growth was relatively slow (average growth rate of 17%); Fujian cities, on the other hand, started from lower initial brightness value (the lowest value in the last 30 years was 35,123.1), but displayed substantial growth vigor (average growth rate of 222%); (4) During the study period, the nighttime light data of the vast majority of cities in the TSR demonstrated a significant increasing trend, particularly in coastal areas and urban centers; (5) Predictions of future trend variation suggest that the significantly increasing trend of cities surrounding Taiwan’s primary metropolitan areas will intensify, whereas metropolitan regions such as Keelung may witness a decline in future trend variations. However, only a mere 0.03% of the nighttime light data show a significant decreasing trend. Additionally, there are distinct differences in the urbanization development stages of the TSR. Fujian is currently undergoing rapid urbanization, while Taiwan’s urbanization has entered a stable stage. The study reveals that factors such as geographical location, natural resources, transportation infrastructure, population size, and industrial structure collectively influence the urbanization characteristics of the TSR. This research bears substantial significance for deepening the comprehension of the patterns and processes of urbanization development in the TSR and provides valuable insights for urban construction and development across the strait.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Science"],"doi":"10.3390/rs15133226","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/13/3226","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.4000/metropoles.8929","title":"La gentrification comme politique(s) : ambivalences et (in)capacités du renouvellement urbain par grand projet dans les agglomérations de Lille et Hambourg","authors":[{"name":"Clément Barbier"}],"abstract":"Built on a cross-national sociological research that retraces the genesis of two large-scale urban renewal projects in the urban areas of Lille and Hamburg, this article shows to what extent they might be considered as gentrification policies and as a way to question this analytical category. Even if both—Union and IBA Hamburg—projects imply the social and symbolic triage of firms and populations that are legitimate to occupy the targeted neighbourhoods, the coalitions of actors who try to turn these “problem areas” into symbols of “metropolitan attractiveness” are far from acting in a coherent, omnipotent and unequivocal way. The processes of eviction and of real estate value-creation or -destruction throughout the design and implementation of these large-scale urban projects are the result of the action of these public-private coalitions as well as the consequence of their inaction and their (relative) incapacity to actually govern people and capital flows. Therefore, the (in)capacities of local governments to remove populations and businesses from these districts or to enhance the market and symbolic value of these spaces depends on the social and economic embeddedness of these policies.","source":"DOAJ","year":2022,"language":"","subjects":["Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying","Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology"],"doi":"10.4000/metropoles.8929","url":"https://journals.openedition.org/metropoles/8929","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66}],"total":11373306,"page":1,"page_size":20,"sources":["CrossRef","DOAJ","Semantic Scholar"],"query":"Metropolitan areas"}