{"results":[{"id":"ss_8dbd57469bb32e6d57f23f5e765bf1c9ac8e080c","title":"Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4","authors":[{"name":"Sébastien Bubeck"},{"name":"Varun Chandrasekaran"},{"name":"Ronen Eldan"},{"name":"J. Gehrke"},{"name":"Eric Horvitz"},{"name":"Ece Kamar"},{"name":"Peter Lee"},{"name":"Y. Lee"},{"name":"Yuan-Fang Li"},{"name":"Scott M. Lundberg"},{"name":"Harsha Nori"},{"name":"Hamid Palangi"},{"name":"Marco Tulio Ribeiro"},{"name":"Yi Zhang"}],"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) researchers have been developing and refining large language models (LLMs) that exhibit remarkable capabilities across a variety of domains and tasks, challenging our understanding of learning and cognition. The latest model developed by OpenAI, GPT-4, was trained using an unprecedented scale of compute and data. In this paper, we report on our investigation of an early version of GPT-4, when it was still in active development by OpenAI. We contend that (this early version of) GPT-4 is part of a new cohort of LLMs (along with ChatGPT and Google's PaLM for example) that exhibit more general intelligence than previous AI models. We discuss the rising capabilities and implications of these models. We demonstrate that, beyond its mastery of language, GPT-4 can solve novel and difficult tasks that span mathematics, coding, vision, medicine, law, psychology and more, without needing any special prompting. Moreover, in all of these tasks, GPT-4's performance is strikingly close to human-level performance, and often vastly surpasses prior models such as ChatGPT. Given the breadth and depth of GPT-4's capabilities, we believe that it could reasonably be viewed as an early (yet still incomplete) version of an artificial general intelligence (AGI) system. In our exploration of GPT-4, we put special emphasis on discovering its limitations, and we discuss the challenges ahead for advancing towards deeper and more comprehensive versions of AGI, including the possible need for pursuing a new paradigm that moves beyond next-word prediction. We conclude with reflections on societal influences of the recent technological leap and future research directions.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["Computer Science"],"url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8dbd57469bb32e6d57f23f5e765bf1c9ac8e080c","is_open_access":true,"citations":4050,"published_at":"","score":97},{"id":"ss_f50be995ae7bc8b5889df68be77bf89d1d253a50","title":"Supporting best practice in reflexive thematic analysis reporting in Palliative Medicine: A review of published research and introduction to the Reflexive Thematic Analysis Reporting Guidelines (RTARG)","authors":[{"name":"Virginia Braun"},{"name":"Victoria Clarke"}],"abstract":"Background: Reflexive thematic analysis is widely used in qualitative research published in Palliative Medicine, and in the broader field of health research. However, this approach is often not used well. Common problems in published reflexive thematic analysis in general include assuming thematic analysis is a singular approach, rather than a family of methods, confusing themes and topics, and treating and reporting reflexive thematic analysis as if it is atheoretical. Purpose: We reviewed 20 papers published in Palliative Medicine between 2014 and 2022 that cited Braun and Clarke, identified using the search term ‘thematic analysis’ and the default ‘relevance’ setting on the journal webpage. The aim of the review was to identify common problems and instances of good practice. Problems centred around a lack of methodological coherence, and a lack of reflexive openness, clarity and detail in reporting. We considered contributors to these common problems, including the use of reporting checklists that are not coherent with the values of reflexive thematic analysis. To support qualitative researchers in producing coherent and reflexively open reports of reflexive thematic analysis we have developed the Reflexive Thematic Analysis Reporting Guidelines (the RTARG; in Supplemental Materials) informed by this review, other reviews we have done and our values and experience as qualitative researchers. The RTARG is also intended for use by peer reviewers to encourage methodologically coherent reviewing. Key learning points: Methodological incoherence and a lack of transparency are common problems in reflexive thematic analysis research published in Palliative Medicine. Coherence can be facilitated by researchers and reviewers striving to be knowing – thoughtful, deliberative, reflexive and theoretically aware – practitioners and appraisers of reflexive thematic analysis and developing an understanding of the diversity within the thematic analysis family of methods.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1177/02692163241234800","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f50be995ae7bc8b5889df68be77bf89d1d253a50","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/02692163241234800","is_open_access":true,"citations":550,"published_at":"","score":84.5},{"id":"ss_391adf80e9a43ded3f591b911136876513ee1c39","title":"Dermatology in general medicine","authors":[{"name":"T. Fitzpatrick"}],"abstract":"Introduction biology and pathophysiology of skin disorders presenting in the skin and mucous membranes dermatology and internal medicine diseases due to microbial agents therapeutics paediatric and geriatric dermatology.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":1971,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.7326/0003-4819-75-4-659_3","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/391adf80e9a43ded3f591b911136876513ee1c39","is_open_access":true,"citations":4351,"published_at":"","score":80},{"id":"ss_6d227a30452f773cea678fa8872ed43566c4f394","title":"Capabilities of Gemini Models in Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Khaled Saab"},{"name":"Tao Tu"},{"name":"Wei-Hung Weng"},{"name":"Ryutaro Tanno"},{"name":"David Stutz"},{"name":"Ellery Wulczyn"},{"name":"Fan Zhang"},{"name":"Tim Strother"},{"name":"Chunjong Park"},{"name":"E. Vedadi"},{"name":"Juanma Zambrano Chaves"},{"name":"Szu-Yeu Hu"},{"name":"Mike Schaekermann"},{"name":"Aishwarya B Kamath"},{"name":"Yong Cheng"},{"name":"David G. T. Barrett"},{"name":"Cathy Cheung"},{"name":"Basil Mustafa"},{"name":"Anil Palepu"},{"name":"Daniel McDuff"},{"name":"Le Hou"},{"name":"Tomer Golany"},{"name":"Lu Liu"},{"name":"Jean-Baptiste Alayrac"},{"name":"N. Houlsby"},{"name":"Nenad Tomašev"},{"name":"Jan Freyberg"},{"name":"Charles Lau"},{"name":"Jonas Kemp"},{"name":"Jeremy Lai"},{"name":"Shekoofeh Azizi"},{"name":"K. Kanada"},{"name":"SiWai Man"},{"name":"Kavita Kulkarni"},{"name":"Ruoxi Sun"},{"name":"Siamak Shakeri"},{"name":"Luheng He"},{"name":"Ben Caine"},{"name":"Albert Webson"},{"name":"Natasha Latysheva"},{"name":"Melvin Johnson"},{"name":"P. Mansfield"},{"name":"Jian Lu"},{"name":"E. Rivlin"},{"name":"Jesper Anderson"},{"name":"Bradley Green"},{"name":"Renee Wong"},{"name":"Jonathan Krause"},{"name":"J. Shlens"},{"name":"Ewa Dominowska"},{"name":"S. Eslami"},{"name":"Claire Cui"},{"name":"O. Vinyals"},{"name":"K. Kavukcuoglu"},{"name":"J. Manyika"},{"name":"Jeff Dean"},{"name":"D. Hassabis"},{"name":"Yossi Matias"},{"name":"D. Webster"},{"name":"Joelle K. Barral"},{"name":"Gregory S. Corrado"},{"name":"Christopher Semturs"},{"name":"S. Mahdavi"},{"name":"Juraj Gottweis"},{"name":"A. Karthikesalingam"},{"name":"Vivek Natarajan"}],"abstract":"Excellence in a wide variety of medical applications poses considerable challenges for AI, requiring advanced reasoning, access to up-to-date medical knowledge and understanding of complex multimodal data. Gemini models, with strong general capabilities in multimodal and long-context reasoning, offer exciting possibilities in medicine. Building on these core strengths of Gemini, we introduce Med-Gemini, a family of highly capable multimodal models that are specialized in medicine with the ability to seamlessly use web search, and that can be efficiently tailored to novel modalities using custom encoders. We evaluate Med-Gemini on 14 medical benchmarks, establishing new state-of-the-art (SoTA) performance on 10 of them, and surpass the GPT-4 model family on every benchmark where a direct comparison is viable, often by a wide margin. On the popular MedQA (USMLE) benchmark, our best-performing Med-Gemini model achieves SoTA performance of 91.1% accuracy, using a novel uncertainty-guided search strategy. On 7 multimodal benchmarks including NEJM Image Challenges and MMMU (health\u0026medicine), Med-Gemini improves over GPT-4V by an average relative margin of 44.5%. We demonstrate the effectiveness of Med-Gemini's long-context capabilities through SoTA performance on a needle-in-a-haystack retrieval task from long de-identified health records and medical video question answering, surpassing prior bespoke methods using only in-context learning. Finally, Med-Gemini's performance suggests real-world utility by surpassing human experts on tasks such as medical text summarization, alongside demonstrations of promising potential for multimodal medical dialogue, medical research and education. Taken together, our results offer compelling evidence for Med-Gemini's potential, although further rigorous evaluation will be crucial before real-world deployment in this safety-critical domain.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["Computer Science"],"doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2404.18416","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6d227a30452f773cea678fa8872ed43566c4f394","is_open_access":true,"citations":329,"published_at":"","score":77.87},{"id":"ss_fd5a7c5c849ac6cc0d4be868b5501d7f79ac284f","title":"Artificial intelligence and machine learning overview in pathology \u0026 laboratory medicine: A general review of data preprocessing and basic supervised concepts.","authors":[{"name":"Samer Albahra"},{"name":"Tom Gorbett"},{"name":"Scott A. Robertson"},{"name":"Giana D'Aleo"},{"name":"Sushasree Vasudevan Suseel Kumar"},{"name":"S. Ockunzzi"},{"name":"Daniel Lallo"},{"name":"Bo Hu"},{"name":"H. Rashidi"}],"abstract":"Machine learning (ML) is becoming an integral aspect of several domains in medicine. Yet, most pathologists and laboratory professionals remain unfamiliar with such tools and are unprepared for their inevitable integration. To bridge this knowledge gap, we present an overview of key elements within this emerging data science discipline. First, we will cover general, well-established concepts within ML, such as data type concepts, data preprocessing methods, and ML study design. We will describe common supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms and their associated common machine learning terms (provided within a comprehensive glossary of terms that are discussed within this review). Overall, this review will offer a broad overview of the key concepts and algorithms in machine learning, with a focus on pathology and laboratory medicine. The objective is to provide an updated useful reference for those new to this field or those who require a refresher.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1053/j.semdp.2023.02.002","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fd5a7c5c849ac6cc0d4be868b5501d7f79ac284f","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semdp.2023.02.002","is_open_access":true,"citations":117,"published_at":"","score":70.50999999999999},{"id":"ss_c52528ad63988b06339d0e89ac4fdec804d45599","title":"Abstracts from the 2023 Annual Meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine","authors":null,"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1007/s11606-023-08226-z","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c52528ad63988b06339d0e89ac4fdec804d45599","is_open_access":true,"citations":112,"published_at":"","score":70.36},{"id":"ss_41f77b08c9d99a85d1c1d21fbddaa3e108fcb03f","title":"Prevalence of Use of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine by the General Population: A Systematic Review of National Studies Published from 2010 to 2019","authors":[{"name":"E. L. Lee"},{"name":"N. Richards"},{"name":"J. Harrison"},{"name":"J. Barnes"}],"abstract":"Traditional, complementary and alternative medicine (TCAM) refers to a broad range of health practices and products typically not part of the 'conventional medicine' system, and its use is substantial among the general population. TCAM products and therapies may be used in addition to, or instead of, conventional medicine approaches, and some have been associated with adverse reactions or other harms. The aims of this systematic review were to identify and examine recently published national studies globally on the prevalence of TCAM use in the general population, to review the research methods used in these studies and to propose best practices for future studies exploring prevalence of use of TCAM. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and AMED were searched to identify relevant studies published since 2010. Articles/reports describing the prevalence of TCAM use in a national study among the general population were included. The quality of included studies was assessed using a risk of bias tool developed by Hoy et al. Relevant data were extracted and summarised. Forty studies from 14 countries, comprising 21 national surveys and one cross-national survey, were included. Studies explored the use of TCAM products (e.g. herbal medicines), TCAM practitioners/therapies, or both. Included studies used different TCAM definitions, prevalence time frames and data collection tools, methods and analyses, thereby limiting comparability across studies. The reported prevalence of use of TCAM (products and/or practitioners/therapies) over the previous 12 months was 24–71.3%. The reported prevalence of use of TCAM (products and/or practitioners/therapies) is high, but may underestimate use. Published prevalence data varied considerably, at least in part because studies utilise different data collection tools, methods and operational definitions, limiting cross-study comparisons and study reproducibility. For best practice, comprehensive, detailed data on TCAM exposures are needed, and studies should report an operational definition (including the context of TCAM use, products/practices/therapies included and excluded), publish survey questions and describe the data-coding criteria and analysis approach used. Traditional, complementary and alternative medicine (TCAM) includes products (e.g. herbal medicines, dietary supplements) and therapies/practices (e.g. chiropractic, acupuncture), and is a popular healthcare choice for many people. This study systematically reviewed national surveys of TCAM use around the world. We identified studies carried out in 14 different countries and one continent (Europe) on the extent of use of TCAM in the general population. TCAM use was found to be substantial, ranging from 24 to 71.3% in different countries. National surveys use different methods and different survey questionnaires. Some studies did not publish the survey questionnaire that they used and/or did not describe the types of TCAM included in the study. This means that it is not possible to compare the results between countries or to do further data analysis. For example, the survey questions from different countries asked people if they had ‘used’ or ‘seen a practitioner’ for a specific therapy, such as homeopathy. These questions look similar, but could elicit different answers from people. This means that the answers to these questions cannot be pooled together or compared directly. Also, some studies collected information on use of a category of TCAM products, such as herbal medicines, but other studies collected information on use of specific herbal medicines, such as St John’s wort. New surveys of the extent of use of TCAM should provide full information on the types of TCAM products, practices and therapies included in the study and consider collecting comprehensive information on use of specific TCAM products, practices and therapies.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2022,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1007/s40264-022-01189-w","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/41f77b08c9d99a85d1c1d21fbddaa3e108fcb03f","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40264-022-01189-w.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":110,"published_at":"","score":69.3},{"id":"doaj_10.24908/pocusj.v10i01.17785","title":"The Utilization of Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) for the Confirmation of Gastric and Post-Pyloric Feeding Tube Placement in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit","authors":[{"name":"Alonso Marron"},{"name":"Michael Wolf"},{"name":"Marla Levine"},{"name":"Jeremy Boyd"},{"name":"Marta Hernanz-Schulman"}],"abstract":"\nThe aim of this study was to investigate the role of point of care ultrasound (POCUS) as an alternative imaging modality to confirm the location of gastric and post-pyloric feeding tubes in patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). This was a prospective descriptive study performed at a tertiary care children’s hospital. Patients from birth to 17 years of age in whom the medical team placed a temporary enteral feeding tube were eligible for enrollment. The study physician, who was blinded to the radiographic findings, performed a POCUS study of the abdomen. An abdominal radiograph was obtained to confirm the placement in all patients. A total of 13 patients were enrolled, and 14 abdominal POCUS exams were completed. POCUS accurately identified the location of the enteral feeding tube in 10 of the 14 cases. POCUS had a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 57.1%, respectively, in identifying gastric tubes. It had a sensitivity and specificity of 66.7% and 87.5%, respectively, in identifying post-pyloric tubes. No adverse events were reported. This study showed that POCUS had moderate sensitivity and specificity and was, overall, safe. Further studies can assess the level of training needed for improvement in accuracy, and larger studies can help support the findings of this data that POCUS is a safe and accurate alternative to radiographs for enteral feeding tube placement confirmation.\n","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Internal medicine","Medical technology"],"doi":"10.24908/pocusj.v10i01.17785","url":"https://ojs.library.queensu.ca/index.php/pocus/article/view/17785","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.17179/excli2024-7998","title":"Phyto-derived interferons: a promising frontier in antiviral therapy development","authors":[{"name":"Baskar Venkidasamy"},{"name":"Ashok Kumar  Balaraman"},{"name":"Muthu Thiruvengadan"}],"abstract":"","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens","Biology (General)"],"doi":"10.17179/excli2024-7998","url":"https://www.excli.de/excli/article/view/7998","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.1016/j.aohep.2025.101950","title":"CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA IN INDIVIDUALS WITH CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE IS DIAGNOSED EARLIER, LEADING TO BETTER PROGNOSIS","authors":[{"name":"Laura Izquierdo Sanchez"},{"name":"Julen Matin Robles"},{"name":"Jone Narbaiza"},{"name":"Angela Lamarca"},{"name":"Adelaida La Casta"},{"name":"Heinz-Josef Klümpen"},{"name":"Arun Valsan"},{"name":"Stephanie Roessler"},{"name":"Chiara Braconi"},{"name":"Leonardo G. da Fonseca"},{"name":"Cristina Dopazo"},{"name":"Trine Folseraas"},{"name":"Bas Groot Koerkamp"},{"name":"Domingo Balderramo"},{"name":"Mariano Ponz Sarvise"},{"name":"Javier Díaz Ferrer"},{"name":"Krzysztof Zieniewicz"},{"name":"Zeno Sparchez"},{"name":"Kirsten Utpatel"},{"name":"Markus Peck Radosavljevic"},{"name":"Alejandro Forner"},{"name":"Luis Bujanda"},{"name":"Jesus M. Banales"}],"abstract":"Introduction and Objectives: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) incidence and mortality are rising globally. Chronic liver diseases (CLD) are recognized risk factors. This study aimed to compare the clinical presentation and outcomes of CCA in patients with and without CLD, using data from the International CCA Registry. Patients and Methods: The international CCA Registry is a multicenter observational study enrolling cases from 54 centers across Latin America, Europe, and Asia (2010–2024). Results: Among 3,693 patients enrolled, 916 had CLD and 2,777 did not. Common CLD conditions were fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Compared to non-CLD patients, those with CLD were more often male (69% vs. 53%), younger at diagnosis (63 vs. 66 years), and had higher rates of metabolic risk factors, alcohol use, and smoking. Intrahepatic CCA was more frequent in CLD patients (64% vs. 43%), whereas distal CCA was more common in non-CLD cases (20% vs. 9%). CLD patients had better performance status (ECOG 0: 53% vs. 35%), lower CA19-9 levels (59.0 vs. 134.5 U/mL), and more localized disease (56% vs. 48%). Curative-intent surgery was more frequent in the CLD group (59% vs. 48%), translating into longer median overall survival (12.3 vs. 11.0 months) and higher 5-year survival (OR = 1.67; p \u003c 0.001). The benefit was especially evident in intrahepatic CCA. Treatment responses were comparable between groups. Conclusions: CCA is diagnosed at earlier stages in individuals with CLD, likely due to certain clinical surveillance, leading to better prognosis. Prospective validation and standardized surveillance protocols are warrant.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Specialties of internal medicine"],"doi":"10.1016/j.aohep.2025.101950","url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1665268125001759","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/diagnostics15131641","title":"Evaluation of Interleukin-10, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Levels, and Bone Marrow Parameters in Multiple Myeloma Patients at Diagnosis and After Treatment","authors":[{"name":"Fulya Memis"},{"name":"Meryem Yalvac Kandefer"},{"name":"Sonay Aydin"},{"name":"Klara Dalva"},{"name":"Selami Kocak Toprak"}],"abstract":"\u003cb\u003eBackground:\u003c/b\u003e Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are believed to possess a role in the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma (MM). We aimed to assess the significance of these parameters in the diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of the disease by examining them in patients at diagnosis and post-treatment and comparing the findings with those of healthy individuals. \u003cb\u003eMethods:\u003c/b\u003e We conducted blood sampling from 35 patients diagnosed with MM at the time of diagnosis and from 15 of these patients post-treatment. We additionally assessed similar serum markers in a control group of 15 healthy individuals. Furthermore, we documented laboratory results, organ involvement, comorbidities, and CD27-CD81 levels assessed using flow cytometry in the bone marrow, along with treatments and patient responses. We also examined the quantity of cells collected during mobilization in patients who had autologous stem cell transplantation. \u003cb\u003eResults:\u003c/b\u003e We found a positive correlation (\u003ci\u003ep\u003c/i\u003e = 0.028/\u003ci\u003ep\u003c/i\u003e = 0.035) between IL-10 and VEGF with the international staging score. In patients with renal involvement, IL-10 levels were higher and VEGF levels were lower than those without renal involvement (\u003ci\u003ep\u003c/i\u003e = 0.011/\u003ci\u003ep\u003c/i\u003e = 0.012). We showed that VEGF levels decreased significantly with treatment (\u003ci\u003ep\u003c/i\u003e = 0.001). We found no statistically significant correlation between treatment responses and IL-10 and VEGF. The number of CD34 cells collected by mobilization showed a negative correlation with CD27 and a positive correlation with VEGF (\u003ci\u003ep\u003c/i\u003e = 0.007/\u003ci\u003ep\u003c/i\u003e = 0.032). \u003cb\u003eConclusions:\u003c/b\u003e Serum IL-10 level is associated with ISS and renal involvement in MM patients. There is a positive correlation between serum VEGF levels and the number of stem cells collected during mobilization. As CD27 expression increases, the number of stem cells collected in mobilization decreases.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Medicine (General)"],"doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15131641","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/13/1641","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.1186/s12874-025-02478-5","title":"Construction of the cancer patients’ database based on the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) datasets for cancer epidemiology research","authors":[{"name":"Jinyoung Moon"},{"name":"Yongseok Mun"}],"abstract":"Abstract Background The US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset does not include a specific question or laboratory test to confirm a history of cancer diagnosis. However, if straightforward variables for cancer history are introduced, US NHANES could be effectively utilized in future cancer epidemiology studies. To address this gap, the authors developed a cancer patient database from the US NHANES datasets by employing multiple R programming codes. Methods To illustrate the practical application of this methodology to a real-world problem, the authors extracted the R codes applied in an academic paper published in another journal on January 30th, 2024 ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24337 ). This paper will focus on the construction of the database and analysis using R codes. Entire. Results In the first example, the urine concentration of monocarboxynonyl phthalate, monocarboxyoctyl phthalate, mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate, and mono-2-hydroxy-iso-butyl phthalate (all ng/mL) were used as the independent variable, instead of the serum concentration of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), respectively. In the second example, the serum concentration of 2,3,3’,4,4’-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB105), 2,3,4,4´,5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB114), 2,3’,4,4’,5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB118), and 2,2’,3,4,4’,5’- and 2,3,3’,4,4’,6-Hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB138) were used as the independent variable, instead of the serum concentration of PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, and PFNA, respectively. Discussion This research offers a comprehensive set of R codes aimed at creating a single, user-friendly variable that encapsulates the history of each type of cancer while also considering the age at which the diagnosis was made. The US NHANES provides a wealth of critical data on environmental toxicant exposures. By employing these R codes, researchers can potentially discover numerous new associations between environmental toxicant exposures and cancer diagnoses. Ultimately, these codes could significantly advance the field of cancer epidemiology in relation to environmental toxicant exposure.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Medicine (General)"],"doi":"10.1186/s12874-025-02478-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-025-02478-5","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.4103/aihb.aihb_128_24","title":"Comparative Analysis of Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Root Proximity to the Mandibular Canal using Orthopantomography and Cone-beam Computed Tomography Imaging Modalities: A Pilot Study","authors":[{"name":"Jigar Joshi"},{"name":"Bhavin Dudhia"},{"name":"Dhaval Mehta"},{"name":"Niral Thaker"},{"name":"Hitesh Patel"}],"abstract":"Introduction:\nFully detect risks of nerve damage, which can lead to temporary or permanent issues. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) offers a three-dimensional (3D) view, providing more detailed visualisation of anatomical structures and their spatial relationships, which improves the accuracy of predicting nerve exposure. The study aims to evaluate and compare these imaging techniques’ effectiveness in categorising the relationship between third molars and the inferior alveolar canal, emphasising the importance of precise imaging for safer surgical outcomes.\nMaterials and Methods:\nA pilot study involving 20 patients, representing 10% of the total sample size of 200, was conducted at Ahmedabad Dental College’s Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology. Investigators, trained to interpret radiological images from orthopantomography (OPG) and CBCT, compared their interpretations with those of two experts. A high inter-rater reliability was confirmed with a kappa statistic of 0.98. Following ethical approval, data were retrospectively collected from 20 cases, with digital OPG and CBCT images analysed and classified according to established criteria.\nResults:\nThe results revealed a significant association between the results diagnosed through OPG and CBCT indicating similarity in their diagnosis. It was also seen that there was no bias towards the gender and the distribution was similar in case of diagnosis through OPG or CBCT.\nConclusion:\nCBCT demands an in-depth understanding of anatomy and pathology, coupled with proficiency in operating imaging software and the ability to identify abnormalities in cross-sectional images. When executed and interpreted accurately, CBCT proves to be an exceptionally valuable tool in clinical dental practice. Its detailed 3D imaging capabilities enhance the assessment of complex cases, such as those involving intricate anatomical structures and pathologies. By providing comprehensive views that surpass traditional two-dimensional imaging, CBCT aids in precise diagnosis and treatment planning, making it an indispensable resource for addressing various dental conditions effectively.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Biology (General)"],"doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_128_24","url":"https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/aihb.aihb_128_24","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"ss_ec9b987d8a7358df403641cf57110c16e0f69215","title":"Bibliometric Analysis of Neurology Articles Published in General Medicine Journals","authors":[{"name":"Mitch Wilson"},{"name":"M. Sampson"},{"name":"N. Barrowman"},{"name":"A. Doja"}],"abstract":"Key Points Question What are the publication patterns for neurology publications in general medicine journals, and how do they compare with other specialties? Findings In this cross-sectional bibliometric analysis of the top 5 most cited general medicine journals, the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) published more neurology articles than other journals. In the top 5 general medicine journals, there were more publications in neurology than in immunology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, or pulmonology. Meaning In this study, neurology articles were published most often in NEJM, and general medicine journals published more articles in neurology than in other medical specialties.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.5840","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ec9b987d8a7358df403641cf57110c16e0f69215","pdf_url":"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/articlepdf/2778567/wilson_2021_oi_210195_1617751995.95533.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":124,"published_at":"","score":68.72},{"id":"ss_afb0748b3e2fc60054f30ce0bc1346a453446926","title":"Telehealth Policy, Practice, and Education: a Position Statement of the Society of General Internal Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Anders Chen"},{"name":"Mariam H Ayub"},{"name":"R. Mishuris"},{"name":"J. A. Rodriguez"},{"name":"Kendrick B Gwynn"},{"name":"M. C. Lo"},{"name":"Craig Noronha"},{"name":"Tracey L. Henry"},{"name":"Danielle D. Jones"},{"name":"W. Lee"},{"name":"Malvika Varma"},{"name":"Elizabeth Cuevas"},{"name":"Chavon Onumah"},{"name":"Reena Gupta"},{"name":"J. Goodson"},{"name":"Amy D. Lu"},{"name":"Q. Syed"},{"name":"L. Suen"},{"name":"Erica Heiman"},{"name":"B. Salhi"},{"name":"Elaine C. Khoong"},{"name":"Stacie Schmidt"}],"abstract":"Telehealth services, specifically telemedicine audio-video and audio-only patient encounters, expanded dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic through temporary waivers and flexibilities tied to the public health emergency. Early studies demonstrate significant potential to advance the quintuple aim (patient experience, health outcomes, cost, clinician well-being, and equity). Supported well, telemedicine can particularly improve patient satisfaction, health outcomes, and equity. Implemented poorly, telemedicine can facilitate unsafe care, worsen disparities, and waste resources. Without further action from lawmakers and agencies, payment will end for many telemedicine services currently used by millions of Americans at the end of 2024. Policymakers, health systems, clinicians, and educators must decide how to support, implement, and sustain telemedicine, and long-term studies and clinical practice guidelines are emerging to provide direction. In this position statement, we use clinical vignettes to review relevant literature and highlight where key actions are needed. These include areas where telemedicine must be expanded (e.g., to support chronic disease management) and where guidelines are needed (e.g., to prevent inequitable offering of telemedicine services and prevent unsafe or low-value care). We provide policy, clinical practice, and education recommendations for telemedicine on behalf of the Society of General Internal Medicine. Policy recommendations include ending geographic and site restrictions, expanding the definition of telemedicine to include audio-only services, establishing appropriate telemedicine service codes, and expanding broadband access to all Americans. Clinical practice recommendations include ensuring appropriate telemedicine use (for limited acute care situations or in conjunction with in-person services to extend longitudinal care relationships), that the choice of modality be done through patient-clinician shared decision-making, and that health systems design telemedicine services through community partnerships to ensure equitable implementation. Education recommendations include developing telemedicine-specific educational strategies for trainees that align with accreditation body competencies and providing educators with protected time and faculty development resources.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1007/s11606-023-08190-8","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/afb0748b3e2fc60054f30ce0bc1346a453446926","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11606-023-08190-8.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":37,"published_at":"","score":68.11},{"id":"doaj_10.1002/agt2.640","title":"Microenvironment‐adaptive nanodecoy synergizes bacterial eradication, inflammation alleviation, and immunomodulation in promoting biofilm‐associated diabetic chronic wound healing cascade","authors":[{"name":"Lei Chen"},{"name":"Mengna Peng"},{"name":"Wei He"},{"name":"Xiaoli Hu"},{"name":"Jian Xiao"},{"name":"Linqi Shi"},{"name":"Yong Liu"},{"name":"Yuanfeng Li"}],"abstract":"Abstract The presence of bacterial biofilms and the occurrence of excessive inflammatory response greatly imped the healing process of chronic wounds in diabetic patients. However, effective strategies to simultaneously address these issues are still lacking. Here, a microenvironment‐adaptive nanodecoy (GC@Pd) is constructed via the coordination and in situ reduction of palladium ions on gallic acid‐modified chitosan (GC) to promote wound healing by synergistic biofilm eradication, inflammation alleviation, and immunoregulation. During the weakly acidic conditions of the biofilm infection stage, GC@Pd serves as a nanodecoy to induce bacterial aggregation. Subsequently, through its oxidase‐like activity generating reactive oxygen species and the hyperthermia from photothermal effects, it effectively eliminates the biofilm. As the local microenvironment of diabetic wounds transitions to an alkaline inflammatory state, the enzyme‐like activity of GC@Pd adapts to catalase‐like activity, effectively eliminating reactive oxygen species at the site of inflammation. Additionally, GC@Pd could selectively capture pro‐inflammatory cytokines through Michael addition reactions. In vivo experiments and transcriptomic analysis confirmed that GC@Pd could accelerate the wound transition from inflammatory to proliferative phase by eliminating biofilm infection and reducing the inflammatory response, thus promoting diabetic chronic wound healing. The nanodecoy provides a potential therapeutic strategy for treating biofilm‐infected diabetic chronic wounds.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Chemistry","Biology (General)"],"doi":"10.1002/agt2.640","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.640","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.37489/2588-0519-2023-3-4-14","title":"An economic evaluation of vaccination in children against meningococcal infection in Moscow","authors":[{"name":"S. V. Svetlichnaya"},{"name":"L. N. Mazankova"},{"name":"L. D. Popovich"},{"name":"L. A. Elagina"}],"abstract":"Meningococcal infection (MI) is one of the most serious and life-threatening with an average mortality rate of 15 %. Infection accounts for the largest number of deaths of all infectious diseases among children under 17 years of age. Aim. Using simulation mathematical modeling to evaluate the potential epidemiological and economic benefits of vaccination against MI for children under the age of 1 year in Moscow with a Meningococcal (Groups A, C, Y and W-135) Polysaccharide Diphtheria Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine. Methods. The assessment of potential indicators of morbidity and mortality of children under the age of 1 year after vaccination in a hypothetic cohort was carried out, considering a period of the stable post-vaccination immunity. Data were compared with the indicators of the MI incidence in Moscow. Monetary equivalents of economic benefits are calculated, considering the cost of vaccination, direct and indirect costs. Results. It is possible to reduce the number of MI cases by 73 %, mortality by an average on 85 % after vaccination, in the horizon of 5 years of maintaining immunity tension, Vaccination of children under one year old can reduce the number of disability cases that occur after severe forms of infection. As a result, the economic impact from the mentioned disease can be reduced by 75 %. Conclusion. The resulting economic benefits in the future may significantly exceed the cost of vaccination. It seems expedient to accelerate the introduction of vaccination of children's contingents against MI.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Medical technology","Pharmacy and materia medica"],"doi":"10.37489/2588-0519-2023-3-4-14","url":"https://www.clinvest.ru/jour/article/view/670","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/tomography9060167","title":"The Role of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography CT Extremity Arthrography in the Preoperative Assessment of Osteoarthritis","authors":[{"name":"Marion Hamard"},{"name":"Marta Sans Merce"},{"name":"Karel Gorican"},{"name":"Pierre-Alexandre Poletti"},{"name":"Angeliki Neroladaki"},{"name":"Sana Boudabbous"}],"abstract":"Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent disease and the leading cause of pain, disability, and quality of life deterioration. Our study sought to evaluate the image quality and dose of cone-beam computed tomography arthrography (CBCT-A) and compare them to digital radiography (DR) for OA diagnoses. Overall, 32 cases of CBCT-A and DR with OA met the inclusion criteria and were prospectively analyzed. The Kellgren and Lawrence classification (KLC) stage, sclerosis, osteophytes, erosions, and mean joint width (MJW) were compared between CBCT-A and DR. Image quality was excellent in all CBCT-A cases, with excellent inter-observer agreement. OA under-classification was noticed with DR for MJW (\u003ci\u003ep\u003c/i\u003e = 0.02), osteophyte detection (\u003c0.0001), and KLC (\u003ci\u003ep\u003c/i\u003e \u003c 0.0001). The Hounsfield Unit (HU) values obtained for the cone-beam computed tomography CBCT did not correspond to the values for multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT), with a greater mean deviation obtained with the MDCT HU for Modeled Based Iterative Reconstruction 1st (MBIR1) than for the 2nd generation (MBIR2). CBCT-A has been found to be more reliable for OA diagnosis than DR as revealed by our results using a three-point rating scale for the qualitative image analysis, with higher quality and an acceptable dose. Moreover, the use of this imaging technique permits the preoperative assessment of extremities in an OA diagnosis, with the upright position and bone microarchitecture analysis being two other advantages of CBCT-A.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics"],"doi":"10.3390/tomography9060167","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2379-139X/9/6/167","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"ss_cac6fc1dbd1ad3ef3527c00dbc379edb0c08f6a7","title":"Research on the discourse power evaluation of academic journals from the perspective of multiple fusion: Taking Medicine, General and Internal journals as an example","authors":[{"name":"Xu Wang"}],"abstract":"In the open science environment, this article evaluates the discourse power of academic journals from the perspective of multiple integration. It is conducive to scientific research management and provides a reference for enriching and perfecting the evaluation theory and indicators system of academic journals. Based on the theory of evaluation science, discourse power theory and communication theory, first, this article discusses the basic issues of the discourse power evaluation for academic journals. It defines the academic discourse power and the discourse power of academic journals. It is proposed that the discourse power of academic journals is composed of discourse influence and discourse leading. Discourse influence is composed of discourse influence ability and discourse power, and discourse leading is composed of social media discourse, news and policy discourse, encyclopaedia discourse, peer-review discourse and video discourse leading. This article explores the formation process and operation mechanism of the discourse power for academic journals. Then, this article constructs the discourse power evaluation model of academic journals. Second, this article integrates multi-source heterogeneous data, then adopts correlation analysis, integrated factor analysis, entropy weight method, Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method and two-dimensional four-quadrant mapping method to conduct empirical research on the discourse power evaluation of Medicine, General and Internal journals from the perspectives of multi-dimensions, multi-factors, multi-indicators and multi-methods fusion. The results show that the research on the discourse power evaluation for academic journals based on the theory, method and application logic is practical, comprehensive and reliable.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2022,"language":"en","subjects":["Computer Science"],"doi":"10.1177/01655515221107334","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cac6fc1dbd1ad3ef3527c00dbc379edb0c08f6a7","is_open_access":true,"citations":25,"published_at":"","score":66.75},{"id":"ss_ed53381b54c02e258d4feac79a606d3c074cd0dc","title":"Machine learning in health care and laboratory medicine: General overview of supervised learning and Auto‐ML","authors":[{"name":"H. Rashidi"},{"name":"N. Tran"},{"name":"Samer Albahra"},{"name":"Luke T Dang"}],"abstract":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have now spawned a new field within health care and health science research. These new predictive analytics tools are starting to change various facets of our clinical care domains including the practice of laboratory medicine. Many of these ML tools and studies are also starting to populate our literature landscape as we know it but unfamiliarity of the average reader to the basic knowledge and critical concepts within AI/ML is now demanding a need to better prepare our audience to such relatively unfamiliar concepts. A fundamental knowledge of such platforms will inevitably enhance cross‐disciplinary literacy and ultimately lead to enhanced integration and understanding of such tools within our discipline. In this review, we provide a general outline of AI/ML along with an overview of the fundamental concepts of ML categories, specifically supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning. Additionally, since the vast majority of our current approaches within ML in laboratory medicine and health care involve supervised algorithms, we will predominantly concentrate on such platforms. Finally, the need for making such tools more accessible to the average investigator is becoming a major driving force for the need of automation within these ML platforms. This has now given rise to the automated ML (Auto‐ML) world which will undoubtedly help shape the future of ML within health care. Hence, an overview of Auto‐ML is also covered within this manuscript which will hopefully enrich the reader's understanding, appreciation, and the need for embracing such tools.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1111/ijlh.13537","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ed53381b54c02e258d4feac79a606d3c074cd0dc","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/ijlh.13537","is_open_access":true,"citations":57,"published_at":"","score":66.71000000000001}],"total":15129177,"page":1,"page_size":20,"sources":["CrossRef","DOAJ","Semantic Scholar"],"query":"Medicine (General)"}