{"results":[{"id":"doaj_10.17309/tmfv.2026.2.01","title":"Physical Education of Schoolchildren as a Managed Learning Process: Theoretical and Methodological Foundations, a Systems Perspective, and Modelling","authors":[{"name":"Olha Ivashchenko"},{"name":"Oleg Khudolii"},{"name":"Mykola Khudolii"}],"abstract":"Objectives. To synthesize contemporary scientific approaches to interpreting physical education of schoolchildren within the logic of a managed learning process and to clarify the role of pedagogical control, modelling, and age-related developmental regularities in shaping learning outcomes.\n\r\nMaterials and Methods. The study was conducted as a narrative review of publications addressing physical education theory, pedagogical control, modelling of the learning process, age-related developmental regularities, and the teaching of physical exercises in general secondary education. The analysis was carried out from systems-based and learning-oriented perspectives on the organisation of physical education.\n\r\nResults. The review supports interpreting physical education of schoolchildren as a managed learning process in which learning outcomes emerge through the interaction of pedagogical control, modelling, and learners’ age-related developmental characteristics. Age-related regularities are best treated as parameters of learning models that define the boundaries for valid interpretation of pedagogical-control results. Pedagogical control acquires a regulatory function only when embedded within a model of the learning process. The synthesis also allows the learning of physical exercises to be interpreted as the formation and dynamics of learning states that can serve as objects of pedagogical control and regulation.\n\r\nConclusions. The proposed synthesis enables interpreting outcomes of physical education as consequences of the organisation of the learning process rather than as autonomous normative indicators. This narrative review delineates theoretical and methodological frames for further research aimed at empirically testing models of managed physical education and refining tools of pedagogical control in general secondary education practice.\n","source":"DOAJ","year":2026,"language":"","subjects":["Sports"],"doi":"10.17309/tmfv.2026.2.01","url":"https://tmfv.com.ua/journal/article/view/4190","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":70},{"id":"doaj_10.22363/2313-2302-2025-29-4-1246-1255","title":"Scientification and the Crisis of Meaning: Rethinking Human Existence in the Age of Reason","authors":[{"name":"Munadhil A. Muqsith"},{"name":"Valerii L. Muzykant"},{"name":"Bekti S. Istiyanto"}],"abstract":"Western philosophy has profoundly shaped global civilization, influencing understanding of the world. This dominance, however, presents both opportunities and challenges. This paper argues that the current paradigm of Western philosophy, rooted in modern philosophy’s emphasis on rationality, has become dogmatic and ultimately self-defeating. The pursuit of scientific knowledge, while valuable, has been driven by a narrow conception of rationality that prioritizes logic and empirical evidence while neglecting other crucial dimensions of human experience. This overemphasis on scientification, as Nietzsche argued, has led to a dehumanization of existence by reducing human life to mere rationality, disregarding the importance of narrative, historical memory, and contextual understanding. This paper will critically examine the limitations of this dominant paradigm through a review of Western philosophical thought. By highlighting internal contradictions within modern philosophy itself, we aim to demonstrate how the current emphasis on scientification has stifled the diversity and richness of philosophical inquiry. Ultimately, we argue for a more nuanced and inclusive approach to philosophy that recognizes the multifaceted nature of human experience and embraces a broader range of perspectives.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Philosophy. Psychology. Religion"],"doi":"10.22363/2313-2302-2025-29-4-1246-1255","url":"https://journals.rudn.ru/philosophy/article/viewFile/47747/26002","pdf_url":"https://journals.rudn.ru/philosophy/article/viewFile/47747/26002","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.15953/j.ctta.2024.015","title":"Advance in Silicon Photomultiplier for All-Digital Positron Emission Tomography","authors":[{"name":"Wentao HU"},{"name":"Hui LAO"},{"name":"Ao QIU"},{"name":"Qingguo XIE"}],"abstract":"In recent years, silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) have emerged as preferred photoelectric conversion devices in positron emission tomography (PET) due to their outstanding performance. SiPMs possess single-photon resolution capability and time resolution below 100 ps, enabling precise photon arrival time measurements. These advances paved the way for emerging applications such as time-of-flight PET (TOF-PET), photon counting CT, and positron emission lifetime imaging, presenting new challenges to SiPM performance, the advancing of which to their physical limits has become a key focus area in next-generation SiPM research. In traditional SiPM architectures, signal processing and analog-to-digital conversion introduce noise and degrade time performance, thereby limiting the full SiPM potential. With the recent and rapid development of semiconductor manufacturing processes, SiPMs could be manufactured on standard CMOS process nodes, which marks a significant breakthrough in the SiPM field, allowing for the integration of digital logic within SiPM devices. This advancement opens the possibility of achieving more precise time, energy, and position information within a single SiPM, thereby providing potential possibilities to push SiPMs to their performance limits. In this study, we reviewed the development history, working principles, and performance parameters of SiPMs. We analyzed the limitations of traditional SiPMs, outlined key aspects of digital SiPM research, and introduced various current digital SiPM architectures. Finally, we summarized and anticipated key technologies in digital SiPMs.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Geophysics. Cosmic physics","Medicine (General)"],"doi":"10.15953/j.ctta.2024.015","url":"https://www.cttacn.org.cn/cn/article/doi/10.15953/j.ctta.2024.015","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.13166/jms/185545","title":"The core process of disseminating human resource management improvement patterns emerging from the consultants' offers","authors":[{"name":"Janusz Antoni Strużyna"}],"abstract":"Objectives\n1. identification of the core of the title process and its comparison with known types of patterns of improving management,\n2. elaboration on the proposals and topics that enrich knowledge about the processes of HRM improvement, including the problem of institutional isomorphism.\n\nMaterial and methods\nLiterature studies allowed us to identify patterns of organizational improvement change. The subject of empirical research was the content of Polish-language offers posted on websites for consulting companies improving Human Resources Management. The analysis was conducted based on content analysis guidelines. The obtained analysis results were compared with theoretical patterns of changes. In this way, the features of the examined core were identified.\n\nResults\nThe identified core of dissemination consists of four phases and three processes with different logic. The interaction of processes can create inconsistency in the entire solution. The dominance of behaviors securing and facilitating HRM operations over other types of managerial behaviors was found. There are no methods of dealing with this asymmetry in the offers.\n\nConclusions\nThe inconsistencies between the core processes of pattern dissemination should encourage practitioners to determine their level of acceptance of the heterogeneity of patterns. For this, it is necessary to develop practical competencies in managing contradictions. Future research should provide a more complete understanding of the specificity of different sources of patterns, the nature of operations performed on patterns, and the identification of inconsistencies in the processes of pattern dissemination. It is also valuable to draw attention to the specific forces of institutional isomorphism that shape the similarity of patterns and ways of disseminating them","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Social Sciences"],"doi":"10.13166/jms/185545","url":"https://www.jomswsge.com/Rdzen-procesu-rozpowszechniania-przez-konsultantow-wzorow-doskonalenia-zarzadzania,185545,0,2.html","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.5488/cmp.27.20001","title":"In memory of Ihor Yukhnovskii, the founder and editor-in-chief of the journal ''Condensed Matter Physics'' (1925-2024)","authors":null,"abstract":"\nOn March 26, 2024, the prominent Ukrainian scholar, theoretical physicist, and founder of the Lviv school of statistical physics, professor, academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Ihor Yukhnovskii, passed away. He lived almost 99 years and his life was filled with many events. He was a soldier during World War II, a scientist and educator, and a public and state figure of the highest level. But above all, he was a scientist. He approached any task as a researcher, from formulating the problem to finding its optimal solution. Analytical thinking and mathematical logic dominated all his activities. At the same time, he remarkably combined scientific pragmatism with unexpected imaginative ideas, which ensured his outstanding achievements both in science and in politics.\n","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Physics"],"doi":"10.5488/cmp.27.20001","url":"https://cmpj2.icmp.lviv.ua/index.php/cmpj/article/view/46","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"doaj_https://doi.org/10.24193/subbmusica.2023.spiss1.05","title":"THE QUESTION OF THE MUSICAL MESSAGE. THE SEMANTIC CAPACITY OF THE EXPRESSIVE STRUCTURE","authors":[{"name":"Oleg GARAZ"}],"abstract":"Is it possible to communicate through music? Does the music communicate something in particular? Is music like the message in a bottle – the meaning wrapped in the envelope of a form? Who would be the recipient of the „musical message” in this case – one, many, all of humanity, as in the IV parts of Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony? Or maybe just Captain Grant’s children? And how pertinent is the extrapolation of notional-discursive schema and logic to music as Mattheson did in Der Vollkommene Kapellmeister? Because this phrase – the message of music – immediately refers to both the „suggestive” neutrality of musical sounds and the „emotional” irrelevance of the relationships between them. Sounds are just sounds. Is a chord the analogy of the word, the melody the analogy of the phrase, and a whole articulation the substitute of a speech? Is music a language? Or, indeed, being both sonorous, but also processual and symbolic, just like spoken language, music does not connote in the same way. And if the language has prescribed references, then music does not. A chord, a melody, let alone a counterpoint, have no predetermined meaning, not even one resembling a notional one, even after the performance is over. Should the composer first be a very good connoisseur of human emotional behavior rather than a very good musician? Or, perhaps, a simple postman, as in the famous song of the Beatles?","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Music"],"doi":"https://doi.org/10.24193/subbmusica.2023.spiss1.05","url":"http://www.studia.ubbcluj.ro/download/pdf/musica/2023_SpIss1/05.pdf","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/soc13070172","title":"Public Functions Implementation by Artificial Intelligence: Current Practices and Prospects for Common Measures within Particular Periods across Continents and Regions","authors":[{"name":"Atabek Atabekov"}],"abstract":"The paper explores practices regarding the implementation by AI of public functions through the analysis of research activities, and administrative and legal regulations of AI in countries of various regions and continents. The hypothesis is that there might be some global trends regarding the AI phenomenon within international institutional vision, research, and national authorities with the goal to suggest common measures within the identification of short, medium, and long-term periods to provide public authorities with trajectories to regulate the AI in terms of its implementation of public functions regarding countries of different regions. The empirical research uses administrative and legal documents, information, and analytical materials from diverse countries. The study uses the comparative method and formal logic tools. The main findings suggest modeling measures within the identification of short, medium, and long-term periods and single out measures that are common to diverse countries, regarding the implementation by AI of public functions.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Social sciences (General)"],"doi":"10.3390/soc13070172","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4698/13/7/172","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/buildings13020543","title":"Differentiated Improvement Path of Carbon Emission Efficiency of China’s Provincial Construction Industry: A Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis Approach","authors":[{"name":"Hua Liu"},{"name":"Chengjian Yang"},{"name":"Zhaorong Chen"}],"abstract":"Promoting carbon reduction in the construction sector is crucial to achieving China’s ‘double carbon’ target. However, due to the interaction of multiple factors, the carbon emission efficiency of Chinese construction industry (CEECI) varies from province to province, and the path to efficient CEECI is not uniform. This study aims to analyze the combined effects of multiple factors on CEECI and to explore the underlying logic behind the formation of efficient CEECI in the province, which measures the CEECI for 2018 and 2019 for 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government of China using the super-slack-based measure (Super-SBM), which includes non-desired outputs. From a group perspective, the qualitative comparative analysis method is applied to analyze the common mechanism of the regional economic development level, energy consumption structure, business management level, market openness, science, and technology innovation level on CEECI. The results show that the regional construction industry has three equivalent low-carbon development paths: “low energy management”, “scale management”, and “scale market opening”. Finally, according to the differences in regional resource endowments, differentiated paths suitable for the low-carbon development of the construction industry in different regions are proposed.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Building construction"],"doi":"10.3390/buildings13020543","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/13/2/543","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"crossref_10.1007/978-3-030-67396-3_3","title":"Formal Logic of Sentences, Sentential Logic (also called Sentential Logic and Statement Logic)","authors":[{"name":"Odysseus Makridis"}],"abstract":"","source":"CrossRef","year":2022,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-67396-3_3","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67396-3_3","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/philosophies7010019","title":"Voice Syncretism Crosslinguistically: The View from Minimalism","authors":[{"name":"Despina Oikonomou"},{"name":"Artemis Alexiadou"}],"abstract":"Voice syncretism is widely attested crosslinguistically. In this paper, we discuss three different types of Voice syncretism, under which the same morpheme participates in different configurations. We provide an approach under which the same Voice head can convey different interpretations depending on the environment it appears in, thus building on the notion of allosemy. We show that, in all cases under investigation, allosemy is closely associated with the existence of idiosyncratic patterns. By contrast, we notice that allosemy and idiosyncrasy are not present in analytic passive and causative constructions across different languages. We argue that the distinguishing feature between the two types of constructions is whether the passive and the causative interpretation comes from the Voice head, thus forming a single domain with the vP or whether passive and causative semantics are realized by distinct heads above the Voice layer, thus forming two distinct domains.","source":"DOAJ","year":2022,"language":"","subjects":["Logic","Philosophy (General)"],"doi":"10.3390/philosophies7010019","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2409-9287/7/1/19","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66},{"id":"doaj_10.52244/ep.2021.22.11","title":"REVIEW OF THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO USING OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR PLANNING PROBLEMS IN ECONOMICS","authors":[{"name":"Gocha Ugulava"}],"abstract":"Artificial intelligence methods and technologies are increasingly included in human's everyday life. Managing actors in the context of their activities, from the planning stage to the decision-making stage, are faced with the need to operate with big data, non-linear, exponentially growing, critically overloaded data scenarios. In these conditions, the need to introduce artificial intelligence technologies is due to the exhaustion of the intellectual and analytical capabilities of a person.\r\nThe article discusses a variety of methods and approaches of artificial intelligence, examines the content of key algorithms, models and theories, their strengths and weaknesses in such important areas of the economy as planning and decision-making. The focus is on their classification. Due to the dependence of the planning process on environmental factors, both classical and non-classical planning environments are discussed. If the environment is fully observable, deterministic and static (external changes are ignored) and discrete in terms of time and action, then we are dealing with a classical planning environment. In the case of a partially observable or stochastic environment, we get a non-classical planning environment. The simplest and most intuitive approach to the planning process algorithms is a Total Order Planning. A scheduling algorithm with parallel execution of actions or without specifying the sequence of their execution is a Partial Order Planning algorithm. Recent research into the development of efficient algorithms has sparked interest in one of the earliest planning approaches – Prepositional Logic Planning. With the Critical Path Method, a schedule of activities is drawn up as part of a plan with zero critical travel time margin for each activity, taking into account the calculation of the time margin for each activity and sequence of activities. A forward-looking planning method for solving complex problems is a hierarchical decomposition based on a Hierarchical Task Networks.\r\n The influence of time and resource factors on planning procedures is separately highlighted. Approaches and methods used in a non-classical planning environment: compatible planning, conditional planning, continuous planning, multi-agent planning.\r\nSpecial attention is paid to the issues of constructing planning models in conditions of uncertainty based on the theoretical-probabilistic (stochastic) approaches. Bayesian networks are used to represent vagueness. The Relational Probability Model  includes certain constraints on the presentation means, thereby guaranteeing a fully defined probability distributions. The main tasks of probabilistic representation in temporal models are: filtering, forecasting, smoothing, determining a probabilistic explanation. By combining these algorithms and additional enhancements, three large blocks of temporal models can be obtained: Hidden Markov Models, Kalman Filter, and Dynamic Bayesian Network. Decision theory allows the agent to determine the sequence of actions to be performed. A simpler formal system for solving decision-making problems is decision-making networks. The use of expert systems containing information about utility creates additional opportunities. Sequential multiple decision problems in an uncertain environment, such as Markov Decision Processes, are defined using transition models. When several agents interact simultaneously, game theory is used to describe the rational behavior of agents.\r\nAs we can see, planning has recently become one of the most interesting and relevant directions in the field of artificial intelligence research. There is still a long way to go: it is necessary to develop a clear vision of the problem of choosing the appropriate specific methods depending on the type of task, perhaps by creating completely new methods and approaches.","source":"DOAJ","year":2022,"language":"","subjects":["Economics as a science"],"doi":"10.52244/ep.2021.22.11","url":"http://economicprofile.org/article/1300","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/risks9040066","title":"The Outlines of a Possible Pension System Funded with Human Capital","authors":[{"name":"József Banyár"}],"abstract":"The broadly used pay-as-you-go (PAYG) pension system is intrinsically wrong. The essence of the problem is that the PAYG system distributes the yield of raising children, i.e., of human capital investment (which is essentially the pension contribution), in such a way that it disregards the extent to which individuals have contributed to this, and even whether it has occurred at all. This error can be corrected if we take the pension contribution to be the yield on an investment of human capital, and as such use this to pay back the costs and expenses of the raising of the contribution payer—overall to those who paid these costs and expenses at the time. Accordingly, the central question of my study is whether it is possible to construct a consistent pension system based on the above foundations, and how my ideas may be inserted into the Diamond–Samuelson model. The method of the study was logical analysis and the construction of a theoretical mathematical model. The results of the study show that it is possible to construct a public pension system that operates according to a different logic than today’s system, a system which is free from the effects of demographic fluctuations, which does not motivate the refusal to have children, and which will remain self-sufficient under all circumstances. The study achieves this by presenting a possible pension system of this kind in detail. Via the suitable modification of the Diamond–Samuelson model, I have succeeded in showing that the pension system I am proposing increases the willingness to have children up to the social optimum, in contrast to the fully (but traditionally) funded and PAYG systems. This system currently only exists in theory and may be regarded as a major theoretical innovation, which naturally has certain (although not particularly extensive) antecedents. Its introduction could enable the resolution of the contradictions of existing pension systems and could also provide a solution to the as yet unsolved problem of the increasingly expensive regeneration of human capital, and as such, its potential practical implications are immeasurable.","source":"DOAJ","year":2021,"language":"","subjects":["Insurance"],"doi":"10.3390/risks9040066","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9091/9/4/66","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65},{"id":"doaj_10.1051/e3sconf/202124408010","title":"Analisys of sea transportation processes with network and simulation modeling","authors":[{"name":"Vinnikova Mariia"},{"name":"Semenov Anton"}],"abstract":"The paper examines a complex of operations in sea transport using methods of network and simulation modeling. The authors consider the process of organizing sea transportation for the tanker fleet. In this case, the whole procedure is divided into four blocks of work. Each of the blocks is investigated separately using the network modeling method. The result of a private study is network models that describe the logic of performing a set of works, as well as the average execution time of all operations. It is proved that the use of simulation modeling for the analysis of the process of organizing and performing sea transportation makes it possible to assess the distribution of the execution time of the entire complex of works, as well as to identify bottleneck. The information obtained can be used for the subsequent analysis of the features of the work performance that reduce the efficiency of operations in the sea transportation process, and the development of possible solutions to improve the procedures under consideration.","source":"DOAJ","year":2021,"language":"","subjects":["Environmental sciences"],"doi":"10.1051/e3sconf/202124408010","url":"https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2021/20/e3sconf_emmft2020_08010.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2021/20/e3sconf_emmft2020_08010.pdf","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65},{"id":"doaj_10.22034/ri.2021.265524.1462","title":"Jihad as Reflected in Biḥār al-Anwār","authors":[{"name":"Masoomeh Mostofi"},{"name":"Mahdi Mehrizi"},{"name":"Mojgan Sarshar"}],"abstract":"Different views of Muslim scholars concerning jihad arises from, and is grounded in, the Quran and hadiths transmitted from the Prophet or Imams. In this paper, we study and analyze hadiths related to jihad as collected in Biḥār al-anwār. We do so in order to explain the legal logic governing these hadiths, the principles on which war is based according to these hadiths, and the place of human beings in them. This article shows that the spirit of these hadiths is pacifist, and, in case war takes place, there are restrictive rules governing the war. There are conflicting hadiths, of course. But they do not confirm a warmongering attitude towards war in Islam.","source":"DOAJ","year":2020,"language":"","subjects":["Religions. Mythology. Rationalism","Religion (General)"],"doi":"10.22034/ri.2021.265524.1462","url":"https://ri.urd.ac.ir/article_130018_8a1acd9268bb3e3301f8013887ee4d82.pdf","pdf_url":"https://ri.urd.ac.ir/article_130018_8a1acd9268bb3e3301f8013887ee4d82.pdf","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":64},{"id":"doaj_10.1051/e3sconf/202015905004","title":"Peculiarities of urban youth interests’ realization in social conflicts","authors":[{"name":"Babintsev Valentin"},{"name":"Gaidukova Galina"},{"name":"Ushamirskiy Alexey"},{"name":"Shapova Zhanna"},{"name":"Pastyuk Marina"}],"abstract":"The article is devoted to the problem of urban youth interest’s realization in the sphere of social conflicts, which is a critical situation determined on the one hand, by the overall logic of socio-cultural development, and, on the other, by the specifics of youth’s participation in the processes of social interaction. According to the research, the conflict is one of the obligatory parts for the social interaction functioning. In relation to youth, it is a condition that ensures its socialization and identification. Based on the interpretation results of questionnaire survey the features of behavioral attitudes of young citizens at the main stages of the genesis conflict were identified: the emergence of an obstacle in the implementation of interest, the reaction to this obstacle, the choice of the conflict type as a way to resolve a difficult life situation, the definition of a behavioral strategy in the conflict and its implementation. The results show that social conflict is considered by youth not only as a means of overcoming obstacles that arise in the implementation of their interests, but also as the way to attract attention to their problems and present personal ideas.","source":"DOAJ","year":2020,"language":"","subjects":["Environmental sciences"],"doi":"10.1051/e3sconf/202015905004","url":"https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2020/19/e3sconf_btses2020_05004.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2020/19/e3sconf_btses2020_05004.pdf","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":64},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/act9040094","title":"Practical Considerations in the Modelling and Simulation of Electromechanical Actuators","authors":[{"name":"Jean-Charles Maré"}],"abstract":"The work reported here was aimed at improving the practical efficiency of the model-based development and integration of electromechanical actuators. Models are proposed to serve as preliminary design, virtual prototyping, and validation. The first part focuses on the early phases of a project in order to facilitate the identification of modelling needs and constraints, and to build a top-level electromechanical actuator model for preliminary studies and sub-specification. Detailed modelling and simulation are then addressed with a mixed view on the control, power capability, and thermal balance. Models for the power chain are firstly considered by focusing on the key practical issues in modelling the electric motor, power electronics, and mechanical power transmission. The same logic is applied to the signal and control chain with practical considerations concerning the parameters of the controller, its digital implementation, the sensors, and their signal conditioning. Numerous orders of magnitude are provided to justify the choices made and to facilitate decision-making for and through simulation activities.","source":"DOAJ","year":2020,"language":"","subjects":["Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials","Production of electric energy or power. Powerplants. Central stations"],"doi":"10.3390/act9040094","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/9/4/94","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":64},{"id":"doaj_10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2953302","title":"Development and Hybrid Control of an Electrically Actuated Lower Limb Exoskeleton for Motion Assistance","authors":[{"name":"Chao-Feng Chen"},{"name":"Zhi-Jiang Du"},{"name":"Long He"},{"name":"Yong-Jun Shi"},{"name":"Jia-Qi Wang"},{"name":"Guo-Qiang Xu"},{"name":"Yu Zhang"},{"name":"Dong-Mei Wu"},{"name":"Wei Dong"}],"abstract":"This paper describes a system design and hybrid control algorithm of an electrically actuated lower limb exoskeleton (LLE). The system design mainly includes three parts: mechanical structure design, actuation system design and sensor system design. According to the initial state of the joint angle, LLE can be divided into Non-anthropomorphic state (NAS) and anthropomorphic state (AS). The human motion intention (HMI) estimation can be divided into gait phase classification and reference trajectory estimation. The fuzzy logic is used to detect different phases in the gait phase classification. In the reference trajectory estimation, the kinematic model of the LLE is utilized to obtain a continuous joint trajectory, which is used as input of the control law. To make the LLE accurately follow the movement of people and remain stable, a hybrid dual-mode control strategy is proposed in this paper, i.e., the adaptive impedance control (AIC) method is used to improve the stability and resistance to shock in stance phase, and the active disturbance rejection control with the fast terminal sliding mode control (ADRC-FTSMC) method is employed to improve the response speed and the tracking precision in swing phase. Furthermore, in order to solve the torque discontinuity in the switching process, a smoothing method is proposed during the transition. Finally, the prototype experiments were set up to verify the tracking performance and power-assisted effect of the proposed exoskeleton. The experiments results show the LLE can achieve excellent tracking performance and power-assisted effect based on the proposed HMI methodology and hybrid dual-mode control strategy.","source":"DOAJ","year":2019,"language":"","subjects":["Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering"],"doi":"10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2953302","url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8897544/","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":63},{"id":"doaj_10.4000/signata.2286","title":"Iconic virtues of diagrams","authors":[{"name":"Bruno Leclercq"}],"abstract":"In his Critique of Pure Reason, Immanuel Kant claimed that, being grounded on the forms of sense intuition, arithmetic and geometric propositions are both synthetic (i.e. informative) and a priori true. Bernard Bolzano, followed by the logicist movement (from Gottlob Frege to Rudolf Carnap), answered that the generality and necessity of mathematical propositions and proofs can only be grounded on conceptual analysis.Even though, like Frege, Charles Sanders Peirce is one of the fathers of formal logic, he provides some semiotic reasons to think that Kant was right: diagrams do convey general meanings and provide some knowledge which is necessary and not trivial. Unlike logical analysis, visual presentation of concepts in schemas or diagrams helps to explore concepts by stressing some of their “side” features in such a way that enables new knowledge to be acquired: “diagrams evolve what was involved”. This is why, according to Kant’s notion of intuitive construction, mathematical inferences are not merely deductive but are also inventive and ampliative.The paper aims at identifying some iconic virtues of diagrams which, according to Peirce, explain their epistemic productivity.A first one lies in the “formal” nature of icons, which allows them to express syntactic relations between descriptive (symbols) and demonstrative (indices) components of structured information. In this respect, even algebraic and ideographic expressions are icons exhibiting a general form – a “rheme” – in which places for indices are filled with variables “x” and “y”, meaning “any individual object”. For this reason, even though they are singular, diagrams are “abstractions” in the sense that they represent relations rather than their terms.Only from this perspective can a second, and more studied, feature of diagrams be considered significant, namely their two-dimensionality, which serves to represent complex relations that cannot be seen in linear linguistic expressions.Finally, a third feature of diagrams lies in their imaginary rather than referential nature. Icons connote without denoting, and therefore they can be informational without this information being limited to singular individuals. Furthermore, this non-referential nature of icons is what makes them open to virtual exploratory manipulations that allow one to consider and investigate possibilities which, in turn, inform us on less obvious properties of the presently visible configuration.","source":"DOAJ","year":2019,"language":"","subjects":["Language and Literature"],"doi":"10.4000/signata.2286","url":"http://journals.openedition.org/signata/2286","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":63},{"id":"doaj_10.13128/BAE-20087","title":"Innovation and marketing strategies for PDO products: the case of “Parmigiano Reggiano” as an ingredient","authors":[{"name":"Maria Cecilia Mancini"},{"name":"Claudio Consiglieri"}],"abstract":"Typical products can contribute to socio-economic development of their place of origin if they are able to take part in the logic of the global market. The aim of this research is to examine one type of innovation, the use of PDO products as ingredients, as a part of a strategy to re-launch PDO products which have a mature market. The evolution of the concept of innovation is discussed; innovation is then considered in relation to product life cycle and information asymmetry. There is then a case study on the use of PDO Parmigiano Reggiano cheese as an ingredient in industrial processing. This case shows that even incremental innovation can have serious effects for the market when it is applied on production phases which lie outside the direct control of the PDO producers. In order to protect the consumer as well as the PDO producer, it would be advisable for new legislation to regulate in more detail innovation involving products bearing origin certificates.","source":"DOAJ","year":2017,"language":"","subjects":["Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling","Forestry"],"doi":"10.13128/BAE-20087","url":"https://oaj.fupress.net/index.php/bae/article/view/3293","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":61},{"id":"doaj_10.1016/j.medici.2016.04.002","title":"Problematic computer game use as expression of Internet addiction and its association with self-rated health in the Lithuanian adolescent population","authors":[{"name":"Ruta Ustinavičienė"},{"name":"Lina Škėmienė"},{"name":"Dalia Lukšienė"},{"name":"Ričardas Radišauskas"},{"name":"Gintarė Kalinienė"},{"name":"Paulius Vasilavičius"}],"abstract":"Background and objective: Computers and the Internet have become an integral part of today's life. Problematic gaming is related to adolescent's health. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of Internet addiction among 13–18-year-old schoolchildren and its relation to sex, age, and time spent playing computer games, game type, and subjective health evaluation.\nMaterials and methods: A total of 1806 schoolchildren aged 13–18 years were interviewed. The evaluation of Internet addiction was conducted by the Diagnostic Questionnaire according to Young's methodology. The relation between the choice of computer games type, time spent while playing computer games and respondents’ Internet addiction were assessed by using multivariate logistic regression analysis.\nResults: One-tenth (10.6%) of the boys and 7.7% of the girls aged 13–18 years were Internet addicted. Internet addiction was associated with the type of computer game (action or combat vs. logic) among boys (OR = 2.42; 95% CI, 1.03–5.67) and with the amount of time spent playing computer games per day during the last month (≥5 vs. \u003c5 h) among girls (OR = 2.10; 95% CI, 1.19–3.70). The boys who were addicted to the Internet were more likely to rate their health poorer in comparison to their peers who were not addicted to the Internet (OR = 2.48; 95% CI, 1.33–4.62).\nConclusions: Internet addiction was significantly associated with poorer self-rated health among boys.","source":"DOAJ","year":2016,"language":"","subjects":["Medicine (General)"],"doi":"10.1016/j.medici.2016.04.002","url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1010660X1630012X","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":60}],"total":298482,"page":1,"page_size":20,"sources":["CrossRef","DOAJ"],"query":"Logic"}