{"results":[{"id":"ss_a1999adfd29bd71afd6a8a17453cfb35902dd891","title":"Semantic Boundaries Of The Terms “Irrigation” And “Land Reclamation (Melioration)”: An Analysis Of Conceptual Scope And Content","authors":[{"name":"Nazarova Sayyora Azimjanovna"}],"abstract":"The terms irrigation and land reclamation (melioration) are frequently used side by side in agricultural engineering, water governance, and academic discourse, yet their semantic boundaries are often blurred by institutional naming traditions, translation practices, and overlapping technological processes. This article examines the conceptual scope and content of both terms to clarify where they coincide and where they diverge. Using a terminological approach grounded in definitional analysis and concept-structure modeling, the study synthesizes dictionary and normative definitions, domain texts from agronomy and water management, and principles of terminology work. The results show that irrigation is conceptually centered on the purposeful, controlled application and distribution of water to agricultural land or crops to supplement natural moisture, while melioration denotes a broader complex of long-term measures aimed at the radical improvement of unfavorable land conditions, including but not limited to irrigation, drainage, salinity control, soil amendments, and protective engineering. The discussion highlights major sources of ambiguity: scope narrowing of melioration in some regional usages to mean primarily drainage and salinity mitigation; polysemy of English land reclamation beyond agriculture; and metonymic shifts in administrative discourse. The article concludes with implications for terminology standardization, translation, and the compilation of critical domain glossaries.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2026,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.37547/philological-crjps-07-02-06","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a1999adfd29bd71afd6a8a17453cfb35902dd891","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":70},{"id":"doaj_10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2024382","title":"Soil salinity dynamics and optimal groundwater depth for salt control in farmland under surface irrigation and subsurface drainage","authors":[{"name":"ZHANG Zhixiang"},{"name":"LIU Songtao"},{"name":"LI Qian"},{"name":"HE Jun"},{"name":"LI Haichao"},{"name":"ZHANG Wei"},{"name":"ZHANG Peipei"},{"name":"MA Xiaolong"},{"name":"ZHANG Hefei"}],"abstract":"【Background】Soil salinization is a widespread abiotic stress that significantly impacts agricultural productivity and water resource management in the Yinbei region of Ningxia Province. This study explores the inter-annual dynamics of soil salinity and groundwater depth in areas within this region that use surface irrigation and subsurface drainage.【Method】Field investigations were conducted in Huinong, a representative area in northern Yinbei characterized by surface irrigation and subsurface drainage systems. Spatiotemporal variation of soil salinity and groundwater depth were analyzed using measured data with the help of correlation analysis and the inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation method.【Result】Temporally, areas with high soil salinity were accounting ting for 23.57% of the study region in April. In contrast, areas with soil salinity greater than 2 g/kg decreased by 52.99% in July and 26.3% in October, compared to April. Soil salinity decreased gradually with increasing groundwater depth, and the relationship between them was well fitted by a proposed model (R2＞ 0.82).【Conclusion】Soil salinity in the region peaks in spring and declines by summer, showing spatial variability influenced primarily by topography and irrigation practices. Salinity in the 40-100 cm soil layer was more responsive to groundwater depth than in the 0-40 cm layer. Maintaining a groundwater depth between 1.8 and 2.2 m can facilitate crop growth and reduce salinization risk.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Agriculture (General)","Irrigation engineering. Reclamation of wasteland. Drainage"],"doi":"10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2024382","url":"https://www.ggpsxb.com/jgpxxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20250606\u0026flag=1","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_https://doi.org/10.24425/jwld.2024.151799","title":"The effect of organic extracts on the microelements content in selected species of forage grasses","authors":[{"name":"Milena Truba"},{"name":"Jacek Sosnowski"},{"name":"Krzysztof Pakuła"}],"abstract":"The aim of the study was to determine the effect of soil fertilising biopreparations, i.e. compost extract, vermicompost extract and humus extract, used against the background of NPK mineral fertilisation, on the content of manganese, iron, zinc and copper in the biomass of Lolium perenne, Festulolium braunii, and Dactylis glomerata. In the spring of 2019 and 2020, a single dose of the biological preparation was applied. During each vegetation period, the plants were mown three times. During mowing, fresh plant mass was taken from each plot, dried, ground and the content of Cu, Zc, Mn and Fe was determined using the ICP-AES method. The use of a biological preparation with the composition of an extract from compost significantly increased the content of Mn, Fe and Zn in the dry mass of the tested grass species. The grass species that accumulated the highest total content of microelements in its above-ground parts was Lolium perenne. The use of only biological preparations in the cultivation of the analysed grass species gave better production effects, for example in the form of a higher concentration of microelements in the dry mass of plants compared to objects fed only with minerals. This creates the possibility of using the tested biopreparations in organic farms. The Fe:Mn ionic ratio was too wide in relation to the standards on all experimental objects, which resulted from the excess of Fe in the plants. Only the combination of compost extract with mineral fertilisation narrowed the above relationship, but it was still too high.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General)","Irrigation engineering. Reclamation of wasteland. Drainage"],"doi":"https://doi.org/10.24425/jwld.2024.151799","url":"https://journals.pan.pl/Content/133584/2024-04-JWLD-16.pdf","pdf_url":"https://journals.pan.pl/Content/133584/2024-04-JWLD-16.pdf","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"doaj_https://doi.org/10.24425/jwld.2024.149123","title":"Soil sealing changes in selected functional urban areas in Poland in 2012–2018","authors":[{"name":"Dawid Kudas"},{"name":"Agnieszka Wnęk"},{"name":"Ewelina Zając"}],"abstract":"Soil sealing is a threat to soil and its ecosystem services. One of the main drivers of soil sealing is land degradation resulting from the expansion of urban areas, where it leads to such problems as the growing risk of flooding and local inundations, urban heat islands, or water shortages. The article focuses on analyses and quantification of the general degree of soil sealing in 2012–2018 in eight functional urban areas (FUA) in Poland, taking into account their division into the urban core (UC) and the commuting zone (CZ). We used the high resolution layer imperviousness density (HRL IMD) data to quantify soil sealing as well as data on land cover and land use with different spatial resolutions, i.e. from the European Urban Atlas project (UA) and the National Database of Topographic Objects (BDOT10k) to quantify artificial surfaces. The research determined the spatial differentiation of UCs and CZs in terms of the degree of soil sealing. We further observed higher average growth of sealed land in CZs. Quantitative and spatial analyses determined the spatial patterns of soil sealing in the FUA in Poland. Soil sealing intensified from 2012 to 2018. The process should be expected to continue in the coming years in light of the continuous transformation of vegetated areas into artificial ones. The conclusions should be considered valuable for the implementation of the spatial policy concerning sustainable land use and soil protection in suburban areas.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General)","Irrigation engineering. Reclamation of wasteland. Drainage"],"doi":"https://doi.org/10.24425/jwld.2024.149123","url":"https://journals.pan.pl/Content/130739/2024-01-JWLD-23.pdf","pdf_url":"https://journals.pan.pl/Content/130739/2024-01-JWLD-23.pdf","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"ss_dffecc2d05bcb90b2ac95264001fc53e1f76d40f","title":"STAGES OF PLANNING MEASURES FOR ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OF WATER BODIES – DRAINAGE WATER INLETS FROM IRRIGATED LANDS","authors":[{"name":"T. I. Drovovozova"},{"name":"Mikhail V. Vlasov"},{"name":"N. N. Krasovskaya"}],"abstract":"Purpose: to develop the main stages of planning the measures of engineering and environmental protection of water bodies – drainage water inlets from irrigated lands. Materials and methods. When developing the stages of planning the measures of engineering and environmental protection of water bodies, recommendations for assessing the environmental and economic efficiency of investment projects for agricultural land reclamation and methods for calculating environmental payments necessary to take into account the effectiveness of environmental protective measures were used. Results. Planning the measures of engineering and environmental protection of a water body can be conditionally divided into four stages. At the first stage, the comprehensive monitoring studies of the water system and agrolandscape in the river catchment basin are carried out. The second stage consists of conducting their comprehensive environmental assessment, including the calculation of such indicators as the combinatorial index of water pollution, the indicator of anthropogenic water body load, the total indicator of soil pollution, bottom deposits, the soil loss rate, the soil formation rate, soil salinization, sodium, magnesium alkalinization, as well as the calculation of cost environmental indicators. At the third stage, a set of measures for engineering and environmental protection of a water body is developed, and at the fourth, a quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of the proposed measures is carried out. Conclusion. Environmental indicators that quantitatively characterize the anthropogenic load on water bodies as a result of the irrigation system operation are proposed. A methodical approach is proposed and the main stages of planning the engineering and environmental protection of water bodies – drainage water inlets from irrigated lands are defined, consisting in a comprehensive assessment of all components of the agro-landscape with the subsequent development of engineering, agrotechnical, agroforestry and agrochemical measures that contribute to the formation of a favorable environmental situation in the river basin.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.31774/2712-9357-2024-14-3-116-133","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dffecc2d05bcb90b2ac95264001fc53e1f76d40f","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.31774/2712-9357-2024-14-3-116-133","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"ss_775863b0be657fdfeefdd46c2cb1c3a71591b013","title":"Effects of Subsurface Pipe Drainage Spacing on Soil Salinity Movement in Jiangsu Coastal Reclamation Area","authors":[{"name":"Danni Han"},{"name":"Chao Chen"},{"name":"Fan Wang"},{"name":"Wenping Li"},{"name":"Hao Peng"},{"name":"Qiu Jin"},{"name":"Bo Bi"},{"name":"Hiba Shaghaleh"},{"name":"Y. A. Hamoud"}],"abstract":"The agricultural development of reclaimed coastal areas in Jiangsu Province is significantly hindered by high soil salinity and an inadequate irrigation and drainage infrastructure. Optimizing the layout of subsurface drainage systems has been identified as an effective means of reducing soil salinity, with the proper designation of engineering parameters being crucial. This study applied 12 treatments (T1–T12) consisting of four different spacings of subsurface drainage pipes (6 m, 11 m, 15 m, and no subsurface drainage pipes) and three observation wells at varying distances from the drainage outlet (5 m, 25 m, and 45 m). Results showed that all three subsurface pipe spacing treatments significantly reduced soil salinity compared to natural drainage, with a smaller subsurface pipe spacing treatment leading to better salt-reducing effects. The farther the distance from the measuring point to the drain, the higher the salinity. As the burial depth of the outlet decreased and spacing between the subsurface drainage pipes decreased, the salinization rate of the 0–60 cm soil layer was higher, while the salt accumulation in the 60–80 cm soil layer was more severe. Therefore, a subsurface drainage pipe spacing of 6 m and an outlet burial depth of 40 cm are recommended as more suitable choices to effectively control salt concentration in the soil. The research aimed to provide scientific reference data and technical support for the optimized design of subsurface drainage engineering parameters while promoting efficient desalination of saline-alkali areas worldwide.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.3390/su151813932","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/775863b0be657fdfeefdd46c2cb1c3a71591b013","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/18/13932/pdf?version=1695132497","is_open_access":true,"citations":10,"published_at":"","score":67.3},{"id":"ss_a10cbdd3d313eaca0fe9e112d40ab564cf0f4eb2","title":"ANALYSIS OF METHODICAL APPROACHES TO THE FORMATION OF WATER TARIFFS FOR IRRIGATION AND COMPENSATION OF COSTS FOR RECLAMATION INFRASTRUCTURE: THE EXPERIENCE OF EU COUNTRIES","authors":[{"name":"M. Romashchenko"},{"name":"R. V. S. Doctor of Engineering Sciences"},{"name":"Ph. V.P. Panteleev"},{"name":"S. R. G. Doctor of Economy Sciences"}],"abstract":"The practice of EU countries on the establishment of water tariffs for irrigation of agricultural crops and the procedures for recouping funds spent on water supply for irrigation is considered. As the main sources of information for the manuscript were noted publications and regulatory documents of Ukraine, reports of EU bodies, and the World Bank, in which a critical analysis of pricing practices in irrigated agriculture in EU countries for 2005-2023 was carried out. The grouping of information on the area of irrigated land, the level of return of funds spent on water supply, and attention is paid to a methodical approach to the development of tariffs for water transportation. The interpretation of the reasons for the natural character, which were guided by state management bodies when applying economic tools for irrigation management in their territories, are presented. For certain countries with big areas of irrigated land (Italy, France, Greece, Spain, Portugal, and Romania), significant achievements of tariff formation and reimbursement of funds have been determined. Aspects of water tariff formation, water accounting, development of water user associations, and taxation of water fees are disclosed. countries were classified according to water pricing, taking into account the state of water resources and melioration systems, types of tariffs, pricing mechanisms, the state of return of funds spent on water supply due to tariffs, measurement of water volumes, as well as solving additional problems of applying economic tools in irrigated agriculture – institutional (administrative, legal) measures, the impact of water charges on the country’s agricultural economy, etc. Since the requirements of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) are the dominant approach in the implementation of tariff formation in irrigation in EU countries, the level of achievement of indicators of the quality of WFD implementation by countries was considered. It has been established that the vast majority of global practices for forming tariffs for water supply services for irrigation, capital investments in reclamation infrastructure, and its maintenance, show that they are based both on national interests and on the interest of water users and organizations that provide logistical support.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.31073/mivg202301-361","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a10cbdd3d313eaca0fe9e112d40ab564cf0f4eb2","pdf_url":"http://mivg.iwpim.com.ua/index.php/mivg/article/download/361/267","is_open_access":true,"citations":1,"published_at":"","score":67.03},{"id":"doaj_10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2021419","title":"Distribution and Stability of Soil Aggregates over the Fissure Zones in Reclaimed Coal Mining Waste Dumpsite","authors":[{"name":"LI Yexin"},{"name":"LYU Gang"},{"name":"WANG Daohan"},{"name":"WEI Zhongping"}],"abstract":"【Objective】 Restoring coal mining waste dumps is a way to alleviate their detrimental impact on environment. In this paper, we present the results of an experimental study on distribution and stability of soil aggregates in a reclaimed coal mining overburden dump. 【Method】 The experiment was carried out at a reclaimed coal mine dump site in a grassland region in northern China. We measured the development of fissures from Zone I (GF) to Zone three (GFIII) in the fissure zone. The composition and distribution soil aggregates in these zones were determined using dry-wet sieve method. Aggregate stability and its relationship with the fissures was analyzed. 【Result】 The content of the \u003e0.25 mm air-dried aggregates over the fissure zones was 23.02%~42.70%, and content of the \u003e0.25 mm water-stable soil aggregates was 16.9%~29.52%. There was no significant difference between air-dried aggregates and water-stable aggregates. The content of the \u003e0.25 mm water-stable soil aggregates in the 0~60 cm soil layer in GF, GFⅡ and GF Ⅲ was 25.26%, 26.57%, 23.62%, respectively, while the percentage of aggregate destruction in the three fissure zones was 20.77%~36.17%, 20.52%~25.00%, and 26.58%~40.56%, respectively. The percentage of aggregate destruction in 0~10, 10~20, 20~30, 30~40, 40~50, and 50~60 cm soil layers was 28.81%, 29.96%, 26.19%, 23.50%, 24.91%, and 29.38%, respectively. The fractal dimension of air-dried and water-stable soil aggregates was 2.847~2.919 and 2.898~2.942, respectively. Small aggregates and fine particles are the dominant aggregates. The mean mass diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of the air-dried aggregates in three fissure zones were 1.11, 1.05, 1.28 mm, and 0.45, 0.44, 0.49 mm, respectively. The MWD and GMD of water-stable soil aggregates in the three fissure zones were 0.67, 0.73, 0.72 mm, and 0.36, 0.38, 0.37 mm, respectively. Soil in GFⅡ had good structure and aggregate stability. Most of water-stable soil aggregates in the fissure zones were unstable due to the formation and development of fissures. 【Conclusion】 The formation and development of fissures in the reclaimed coal mining overburden dump reduced the stability of soil aggregates, thereby resulting in aggregate segmentation. The larger and wider the fissures were, the less stable the soil aggregates were.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Agriculture (General)","Irrigation engineering. Reclamation of wasteland. Drainage"],"doi":"10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2021419","url":"https://www.ggpsxb.com/jgpxxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20230614\u0026flag=1","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_https://doi.org/10.24425/jwld.2023.145340","title":"A proposed quantitative method for assessing the impact of river regulation on its hydromorphological status","authors":[{"name":"Marta J. Kiraga"},{"name":"Anna Markiewicz"}],"abstract":"Changes in river channel morphological parameters are influenced by anthropogenic factors, such as climatic changes, river catchment management changes, and hydrotechnical development of rivers. To assess the intensity of individual pressures and the resulting changes in abiotic and biotic factors in the riverbed, water quality monitoring is conducted, including the assessment of the hydromorphological status. The assessment can be based on the River Habitat Survey (RHS) which is a synthetic method that includes the evaluation of habitat character and river quality based on their morphological structure. The input data, which characterise any river include physical features of hydrotechnical structures, bed granulation, occurrence of bedforms, visible morphodynamic phenomena, and a sediment transport pattern. The RHS method allows to determine two quantitative indices used to evaluate the hydromorphological status: Habitat Modification Score ( HMS), which determines the extent of transformation in the morphology of a watercourse, and Habitat Quality Assessment ( HQA), which is based on the presence and diversity of natural elements in a watercourse and river valley. The proposed method can be divided into three stages. The first assesses the river section hydromorphological indices, describing the degree of technical modification ( HMS) and the ecological quality of the reach ( HQA), using the RHS method. The second stage describes morphological changes resulting from the technical regulation and estimates indices for the regulated reach. Finally, we compare HQA and HMS indices before and after the regulation. This comparison is described by numerical indicators and related to reference values.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General)","Irrigation engineering. Reclamation of wasteland. Drainage"],"doi":"https://doi.org/10.24425/jwld.2023.145340","url":"https://journals.pan.pl/Content/127426/PDF/2023-02-JWLD-11.pdf","pdf_url":"https://journals.pan.pl/Content/127426/PDF/2023-02-JWLD-11.pdf","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2022315","title":"Reusing Effluent Water in Drainage Ditches for Irrigation in Hilly Regions","authors":[{"name":"SHAO Peiyin"},{"name":"LI Yalong"},{"name":"XIONG Yujiang"},{"name":"YUAN Niannian"},{"name":"SU Peilan"}],"abstract":"【Objective】 Most hilly regions in China are short of freshwater resources and recycling the effluent water in their drainage ditches is a way to relieve this pressure and improve water use efficiency. This paper investigates how reusing the effluent water for irrigation affects leaching of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from soils. 【Method】 In-situ experiment was set up in a field to measure the change in water flow and N and P concentrations in the ditches and the ditch buckets. We calculated the ratio of recycled water volume to the volume of water pumped for irrigation (i.e., regression rate), as well as the change in N and P pollutant loads and their determinants. 【Result】 The water had been drained and reused for irrigations for 24 cycles during the growing season, and the total regression rate reached 89.93%. The loads of total P, total N, nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen during the growing season were 0.28, 3.27, 2.35 and 2.35 kg/hm2, respectively. The load reductions of P and N were correlated with the ratio of their concentrations in the effluent and in the irrigation water. The reduction in total P and ammonia was significantly correlated with the regression rate. The reduction in total N and nitrate was significantly correlated with irrigation and rainfall in the second day after the irrigation. Nitrate reduction rate was also significantly correlated with temperature. 【Conclusion】 The cycles of drainage and its reuse for irrigation not only saves water but also improves utilization of water and fertilizers, thereby reducing the risk of N and P pollution to the downstream.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Agriculture (General)","Irrigation engineering. Reclamation of wasteland. Drainage"],"doi":"10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2022315","url":"https://www.ggpsxb.com/jgpxxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20230219\u0026flag=1","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_https://doi.org/10.24425/jwld.2023.143751","title":"Assessment of trace elements pollution in snow piles removed from residential areas in Perm, Russia","authors":[{"name":"Evgeniya Ushakova"},{"name":"Elena Menshikova"},{"name":"Tatiana Karavaeva"},{"name":"Alexey Puzik"},{"name":"Margarita Volkova"},{"name":"Sergey Vaganov"}],"abstract":"Atmospheric deposition, vehicular transportation and de-icing agents are major sources polluted snow in urban. This study investigates the current trace elements concentrations of snow and de-icing using ICP-MS, and phytotoxicity using three vascular plants in snow. The study assesses the contamination, classification and phytotoxicity of snow quality removed from roads of residential areas and piled on children’s playgrounds in residential territories. The research found that according to Russian environmental quality standard for water has been identified the exceeding trace elements in snow by W, Se, Mn, Cu, V, Mo, Ni and Zn. The pollution indices ( PLI, CF and Zc) were identified pollution level of snow piles from moderate contamination to very high contamination. Based on average germination index values for Sinapis alba L., Lepidium sativum L., and Triticum aestivum L., the degree of inhibition in snow piles varied from no inhibition to strong inhibition. The trace elements content in de-icing “Galit А” and salt sand mix are defined in the following descending order: Zn \u003e Mn \u003e Ba \u003e V \u003e Rb \u003e Sr and Mn \u003e Ba \u003e Cr \u003e V \u003e Sr \u003e Ni, respectively. High concentrations of trace elements in snow piles are a source of environmental pollution. To prevent snow storage and disposal in residential areas should be involved in future studies of environmental pollution and circular economy, so that environmental managers can reduce threats to the environment and public health, as well as initiate circular economy projects in urban areas.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General)","Irrigation engineering. Reclamation of wasteland. Drainage"],"doi":"https://doi.org/10.24425/jwld.2023.143751","url":"https://journals.pan.pl/Content/126450/PDF/2023-01-JWLD-15.pdf","pdf_url":"https://journals.pan.pl/Content/126450/PDF/2023-01-JWLD-15.pdf","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2023039","title":"Impact of Initial Soil Water Content on Infiltration of Irrigation Water in Aeolian Sandy Soil","authors":[{"name":"MA Hongxiu"},{"name":"SUN Quan"},{"name":"LU Haitao"},{"name":"MA Wenli"},{"name":"JIANG Peng"},{"name":"ZHANG Xiaojuan"},{"name":"CAI Zhanhong"},{"name":"JIA Dengcheng"}],"abstract":"【Objective】 The movement of irrigation water in soil is an important parameter in irrigation design. It is affected by many factors. This paper investigates the impact of initial soil water on infiltration of subsurface irrigation water in an aeolian sandy soil. 【Method】 The outdoor experiment was conducted in tanks repacked with the sandy soil, with the initial soil water content controlled at 5.1%, 11.5%, 16.8%. The movement of the wet zone in each treatment was monitored visually. Infiltration processed was simulated by different analytical models. 【Result】 The wet zone in all treatments was approximately elliptical, with the center located at the perfusion pipe. Increasing initial soil water content accelerated the movement of the wetting front but reduced the cumulative infiltration amount and infiltration rate. The cumulative infiltration amount increased with infiltration time in a power-law function, and the infiltration index increased with the initial water content. Comparison with measured data revealed that the R2 of the Kostiakov model, Philip model, empirical model and Horton model was 0.783, 0.785, 0.923 and 0.943, respectively. When the initial water content was 5.1%, 11.5% and 16.8%, the burial depth of the irrigation pipe should not exceed 10, 20 and 30 cm, respectively, and the associated pipe spacing not exceed 30, 60 and 90 cm, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Increasing initial soil water content in aeolian sandy soil allows the irrigation pipes to be buried deeper and spaced widely. These findings are helpful for designing subsurface irrigation in aeolian sandy soil which is common in northwestern China.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Agriculture (General)","Irrigation engineering. Reclamation of wasteland. Drainage"],"doi":"10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2023039","url":"https://www.ggpsxb.com/jgpxxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20230707\u0026flag=1","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2022105","title":"Spatial Distribution of Added Selenium in Soil as Affected by Different Irrigations Using Reclaimed Water","authors":[{"name":"MA Tian"},{"name":"GAO Feng"},{"name":"LIU Chuncheng"},{"name":"HU Chao"},{"name":"CUI Bingjian"},{"name":"CUI Erping"},{"name":"HAO Yiting"}],"abstract":"【Background】 Selenium is a crop nutrient but scarce in many soils. One solution is to add selenium with irrigation water to the soil. In this paper we investigated experimentally spatial accumulation and distribution of added selenium and is correlation with physical and chemical properties of soil under different irrigations using reclaimed water. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in pots. It consisted of two selenium additions: 4 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg (L), with each addition having three irrigation amounts (or methods). 2 L/h drip irrigation (2D), 4 L/h drip irrigation (4D), and border irrigation (S). Without selenium addition was taken as the control (CK). We measured accumulation and distribution of the added selenium in each pot. 【Result】 Except in CK, selenium content in the top 0~10 cm soil was significantly higher than that in the 10~20 cm soil (P\u003c0.05). For L treatment, the selenium content in the soil 10 cm away from the emitter under 2D, 4D and S increased by 1.04, 1.21 and 0.83, respectively, while for H treatment these increased by 2.03, 2.31 and 2.48 times, respectively, compared to CK. The contour of selenium content in 2D+L and 2D+H showed a \"narrow-deep\" type, while in 4D+L and 4D+H and Q+L, it showed a “pudgy” type. Selenium content in Q+H showed a “near horizontal contour” distribution. 【Conclusion】 Adding selenium with irrigation water increased selenium content in the 0~10 cm soil, with the content increasing with the application amount. Compared with border irrigation, drip irrigation increased selenium accumulation in the root zone - the top 0~10 cm of soil. Soil selenium content was positively correlated with organic matter and water content in the 0~10 cm soil, but negatively correlated to soil conductivity, both at significant levels.","source":"DOAJ","year":2022,"language":"","subjects":["Agriculture (General)","Irrigation engineering. Reclamation of wasteland. Drainage"],"doi":"10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2022105","url":"https://www.ggpsxb.com/jgpxxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20221008\u0026flag=1","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66},{"id":"doaj_10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2021435","title":"The Effects of Climate Change and Anthropogenic Activities on Groundwater in Irrigation District","authors":[{"name":"ZHANG Yan"},{"name":"CHENG Rui"},{"name":"ZOU Lei"},{"name":"LIANG Zhijie"},{"name":"LYU Wei"},{"name":"DOU Ming"},{"name":"LI Ping"},{"name":"HU Yanling"},{"name":"QI Xuebin"}],"abstract":"【Background and objective】 Groundwater is the most important water resource for agricultural production in many regions around the world and its spatiotemporal changes are affected by a multitude of natural and anthropogenic factors. Understanding their quantitative relationship is hence imperative not only to sustain agricultural production but also to safeguard the development of other sectors. Taking an irrigation district in central China as an example, this paper analyzed the fluctuation of its groundwater depth in response to climate change and anthropogenic activity. 【Method】 The analysis was based on groundwater and meteorological data measured from 1952-2013 from the People’s Victory Canal Irrigation District. Their changes and relationship were analyzed using the decadal volatility analysis, mutation test analysis, gray correlation analysis, sensitivity analysis, double cumulative curve method, and the relative contribution rate method. 【Result】 The groundwater depth in the district has been increasing at an average rate of 0.8 m/10a. The maximum coefficient of variation of the groundwater depth from 1952—1959 was 27.33%; the coefficients of variation of the precipitation, evaporation, average temperature and the amount of irrigation water all peaked in 1960s, though the variation of the evaporation and average temperature was not as strong as other factors. Abrupt changes in groundwater depth, precipitation, evaporation, average temperature and irrigation water amount occurred in 1984, 1970s, 1972, 1973 and 1993—1996, respectively. The influence of each factor on groundwater depth was ranked in the order of average temperature \u003e precipitation \u003e irrigation water amount \u003e evaporation, while the sensitivity of groundwater depth to different factors was ranked in the order of average temperature \u003e evaporation \u003e precipitation \u003e the amount of irrigation water. On average, the contributions of the different factors to groundwater depth change were ranked in the order of average temperature \u003e evaporation \u003e irrigation water amount \u003e precipitation. The average temperature contributed most to the groundwater depth change accounting for 38.16%, and the least was precipitation contributing 17.40%. Irrigation water affected groundwater depth mostly from 2002 to 2013, contributing 47.05% of the change. 【Conclusion】 The factors affecting the groundwater depth in the district varied with time, with evaporation being dominant from 1952 to 1963, average temperature from 1964 to 2001, and irrigation from 2002 to 2013.","source":"DOAJ","year":2022,"language":"","subjects":["Agriculture (General)","Irrigation engineering. Reclamation of wasteland. Drainage"],"doi":"10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2021435","url":"https://www.ggpsxb.com/jgpxxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20220212\u0026flag=1","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66},{"id":"ss_6f10f50d6ab5b9ef0a85a0f63f61c79ca0edda4c","title":"Formation of functional blocks of irrigation and drainage systems of a high level of organization","authors":[{"name":"Oleg Kablukov"},{"name":"K. Semenova"}],"abstract":"The development and organization of hydro-reclamation systems is the process of transformation and interaction of its forming subsystems and blocks, the ability to realize agricultural and social potential for the transition to a higher rank of organization and orderliness, the ability to achieve a state of self-organization with maximum equipment with functional complexes for auto-mating processes and effects. These features correspond to the transition of hydro-reclamation systems to the highest level – the fifth generation. The economic function of hydro-reclamation systems of a high rank of organization is to provide comprehensive services to improve the unfavorable natural conditions of the territory in order to successfully develop various sectors of the national economy, primarily agricultural nature management. The production functions of hydro-reclamation systems of a high level of organization are realized through the sequential execution of engineering-reclamation technologies, the effectiveness of which depends on the information and resource security of connections between individual elements of blocks and subsystems. The article was made with support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation in accordance with agreement № 075-15-2020-905 date November 16, 2020 on providing a grant in the form of subsidies from the Federal budget of Russian Federation. The grant was provided for state support for the creation and development of a World-class Scientific Center “Agrotechnologies for the Future”.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2022,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.32962/0235-2524-2021-5-18-24","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6f10f50d6ab5b9ef0a85a0f63f61c79ca0edda4c","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66},{"id":"doaj_10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2020378","title":"Effects of Magnetization Irrigation on Photosynthesis, Mineral Elements and Yield of Lettuce Vary with Water Sources","authors":[{"name":"WANG Xiaofan"},{"name":"WU Yong"},{"name":"ZHANG ZHONG Lili"},{"name":"GUO Rui"},{"name":"WANG Lixue"}],"abstract":"【Background and Objective】 Magnetizing the water prior to irrigation is a new technology developed over the past decades in China. The objective of this paper is to investigate how different irrigation water sources alter the effects of the magnetization on photosynthesis, physiological and biochemical characteristics, as well as the yield of lettuce. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in a solar greenhouse with the Italian lettuce taken as the model plant. It consisted of non-magnetization (M0) and magnetization (M1); added to these are three irrigation water sources: fresh water (T1), reclaimed water (T2) and saline water (T3). Overall, there were six treatments which were arranged in the greenhouse by a randomized block design. For each treatment, we measured the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, antioxidant enzyme activity, mineral element, yield and water use efficiency of the lettuce. 【Result】 Effects of the three water sources after magnetization on crop growth were different. For a given water source, there was no significant difference in the net photosynthetic rate between magnetization and non-magnetization in the early and late growth stage, but in the middle growth stage the magnetized fresh water and the reclaimed water increased the net photosynthetic rate of the crop by 11.16% and 14.73%, respectively. Saline water irrigation reduced the net photosynthetic rate at significant level, and there was no significant difference in net photosynthetic rate between the fresh water and reclaimed water irrigation. Magnetizing the fresh water, reclaimed and saline water increased the transpiration rate, despite not at significant, but they significantly boosted the activities of SOD by 18.08%, 12.77% and 14.68% respectively, the activities of POD by 20.97%, 18.14% and 16.99% respectively, and the activities of CAT by 22.54%, 23.09% and 18.55% respectively. In the meantime, magnetizing the fresh water and the reclaimed water increased the total nitrogen in the lettuce leaves by 7.71% and 6.83%, respectively. Magnetization also altered the content of P, Ca, Mg, Na and K in the leaves, with the alterations varying with water sources. For yield, magnetizing the fresh and the reclaimed water increased the yield by 9.42% and 10.15% at significant level, respectively, magnetizing the saline water did not lead to a noticeable change in the yield. M1T1 was most effective in improving yield and the above-ground dry mass, whereas M0T3 was the least effective. Compared with M0T3, M1T1 increased the yield and the above-ground dry mass by 33.44% and 31.29%, respectively. Depending on water sources, magnetization could also increase water use efficiency by 5.03%~11.65%. 【Conclusion】 Magnetizing the water in irrigating lettuce was beneficial to its physiological and biochemical activities such as photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activity, thereby increasing yield and water use efficiency. But the improvement depends on water sources. In our study, magnetizing the fresh water and the reclaimed water was more effective than the saline water.","source":"DOAJ","year":2021,"language":"","subjects":["Agriculture (General)","Irrigation engineering. Reclamation of wasteland. Drainage"],"doi":"10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2020378","url":"https://www.ggpsxb.com/jgpxxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20210306\u0026flag=1","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65},{"id":"doaj_10.22055/jise.2019.26934.1788","title":"بهینه سازی تخصیص آب و الگوی کشت بهینه (مطالعه موردی: دشت قزوین)","authors":[{"name":"فهیمه شیرشاهی"},{"name":"حسین بابازاده"},{"name":"نیازعلی ابراهیمی پاک"},{"name":"محمدرضا خالدیان"}],"abstract":"آب به­عنوان مهم­ترین و محدودکننده­تـرین نهاده تولیدی در اغلب مناطق کشاورزی ایران خودنمایی می­کند. از طرفی استفاده بهینه از منابع آب یکی از مهم­ترین مسائل مطرح در کشاورزی پایدار به­شمار می­آید. آب به­عنوان یک منبع قابل تجدید همواره به­عنوان یک رکن اصلی کشاورزی مطرح بوده است. در مطالعه حاضر یک مدل بهینه­سازی به منظور حداکثر نمودن سود و حداقل برهم خوردن پایداری منابع آب در کانال­های L1، L2، L3، L4، L4A، L5، L6 ، L7، L8، L9، L10، L20 در شبکه آبیاری و زهکشی دشت قزوین توسعه داده شد. مدل بهینه­سازی با استفاده از الگوریتم ژنتیک چندهدفه با دو تابع هدف مجزا ارایه گردید. برای واسنجی مزرعه­ای مدل، نسبت کشت، هزینه تولید و قیمت فروش گیاهان عمده و مهم به همراه نسبت کشت آن­ها در سال زراعی 1394 جمع­آوری گردید. نتایج، حاکی از افزایش سود خالص به میزان 64 درصد نسبت به الگوی کشت موجود از طریق کاهش سطوح زیرکشت محصولات با سود خالص کم و افزایش سطح زیرکشت محصولات با درآمد بالا می­باشد. افزایش درآمد حاصله از تغییر در الگوی کشت ثابت می­کند اصلاح الگوی کشت موجود نیاز به بازنگری و تغییر دارد. هم­چنین با توجه به تعریف تابع هدف دوم، میزان آب مصرفی در شرایط بهینه 20 درصد کاهش یافت.","source":"DOAJ","year":2021,"language":"","subjects":["Hydraulic engineering","Irrigation engineering. Reclamation of wasteland. Drainage"],"doi":"10.22055/jise.2019.26934.1788","url":"https://jise.scu.ac.ir/article_15051_d8338594cc7140b10f779d02a8cca629.pdf","pdf_url":"https://jise.scu.ac.ir/article_15051_d8338594cc7140b10f779d02a8cca629.pdf","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65},{"id":"doaj_10.22059/jwim.2021.327850.906","title":"ارزیابی عملکرد شبکه پایش کیفی رودخانه‌های کشور","authors":[{"name":"نسرین خدامرادی وطن"},{"name":"مهدی مظاهری"},{"name":"جمال محمدولی سامانی"}],"abstract":"نظام پایش در یک کشور جزو موضوع‌های اساسی آن کشور است. فرایند نظارت با در نظرگرفتن شاخص‌های مدیریتی و فنی، اجتماعی، اقتصادی و زیست‌محیطی در نظام پایش محقق می‌شود. در پایش بلند‌مدت انجام ارزیابی، آسیب ‏شناسی و بهینه‌سازی به‌صورت متوالی منجر به مدیریت صحیح داده‏ های خروجی، کارآمدی سیستم و سبب کاهش هزینه‌ها می‌شود. در این پژوهش، از روش‌های تصمیم‌گیری چند‌معیاره برای ارزیابی عملکرد شبکه پایش کیفی رودخانه‌های کشور با در نظرگرفتن معیارهای مختلف، استفاده شده ‌است. در این پژوهش کل ایستگاه‎‌های کیفی رودخانه‌ای کشور با چهار معیار اصلی اقتصادی، اجتماعی، زیست‌محیطی، مدیریتی و فنی در نظر گرفته شده‌ است. وزن معیارها توسط کارشناسان خبره مشخص شده‌اند. وزن گزینه‌ها با استفاده از استانداردهای ریاضیات و روش فرایند تحلیل شبکه‌ای محاسبه شده ‌است. روش فرایند تحلیل شبکه‌ای به‌منظور اصلاح روش فرایند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی و براساس تکنیک سوپر ماتریس‌ها ارائه گردیده ‌است. در نهایت، نتایج روش با استفاده از روش فرایند تحلیل شبکه‌ای، نسبت سازگاری و آنالیز حساسیت کنترل شد. بیش‌ترین چالش‌ها در معیار مدیریتی و فنی، سپس معیار زیست‌محیطی و سلامت آب مهم تلقی شده‌است و نهایتا معیارهای بعدی اقتصادی و اجتماعی به‌دست آمده‌است. در معیار مدیریتی و فنی در ایستگاه‌های پایش آب، زیرمعیار کنترل و اطمینان از کیفیت داده‌ها، در معیار اجتماعی زیرمعیار پارامترهای کیفیت آب، در معیار اقتصادی زیرمعیار تشخیص آلودگی و در معیار زیست‌محیطی زیرمعیار بهینه‌سازی شبکه نظارت در زمان و مکان خاص بیش‌ترین وزن را به خود اختصاص داده است.","source":"DOAJ","year":2021,"language":"","subjects":["Irrigation engineering. Reclamation of wasteland. Drainage"],"doi":"10.22059/jwim.2021.327850.906","url":"https://jwim.ut.ac.ir/article_83793_d37c0a86f5846fd98b0835a0995dda9e.pdf","pdf_url":"https://jwim.ut.ac.ir/article_83793_d37c0a86f5846fd98b0835a0995dda9e.pdf","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65},{"id":"crossref_10.1002/ird.2202","title":"Key Factors in Handling Conflicts in the Isahaya Bay Land Reclamation Project, Japan: A Case Study Focusing on Social Aspects","authors":[{"name":"Shinsuke Ota"}],"abstract":"AbstractThe Isahaya Bay land reclamation project is one of the most controversial public works in Japan. The dike closure in 1997 became a target of the mass media as a symbol of ecological destruction. The bad seaweed crop in 2000 triggered fishermen's protests which led to short‐term opening of the dike gates. The author became involved in a series of events as a responsible government official in the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) in Japan. This paper illustrates how the Ministry coped with a difficult situation and brings out basic approaches and practical measures for better coordination as a result of these experiences, focusing on the social aspects. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley \u0026 Sons, Ltd.","source":"CrossRef","year":2018,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.1002/ird.2202","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2202","pdf_url":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fird.2202","is_open_access":true,"citations":3,"published_at":"","score":62.09},{"id":"doaj_10.22067/jsw.v30i2.39163","title":"Analysis of Eh Condition and Evolutional Trend of Paddy Soils in a Toposequence","authors":[{"name":"javad seyedmohammadi"},{"name":"leila esmaeelnejad"},{"name":"hassan ramezanpour"},{"name":"kamran eftekhari"}],"abstract":"Introduction: Paddy soils are important and the base of agriculture in Guilan province. It is necessary to recognize these soils for understanding of their limitations and optimum use. Unsaturated soil submerging is the cause of collection of chemical and electrochemical process that has significant effects on soil fertility. Eh, rH and pH are important indexes that are used to investigate oxidation and reduction condition in submerged soils and have abundant effects on activity and sorption rate of nutrients. Decrease of Eh and rH in poorly drainage of paddy soils affects availability and solubility of nutrient. Different Fe forms are used for analysis of soils evolution trend and submerging influences on changes of Fe forms. The aim of the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of redox potential changes on soil characteristics and analysis of soils evolutional trend in different physiographic units.\r\nMaterials and Methods: The study area with 40000ha (at the east of Rasht city) is located between 49° 31' to 49° 45' E longitude and 37° 7' to 37° 27' N latitude in North of Guilan Province, Northern Iran, in the southern coast of the Caspian sea with different water table depth. The climate of the region is very humid with the mean annual precipitation of 1293.6 mm. The mean annual temperature is  15.8°C. The soil moisture and temperature regimes are Aquic, Udicand Thermic, respectively. The parent materials are derived from river sediments. The soils formed on the plateaues and upper terraces, river alluvial plain and lowland physiographic units were classified as Inceptisols and the soils formed on coastal plain physiographic unit as Entisols. Air-dried soil samples were crushed and passed through a 2mm sieve. Particle-size distribution, organic carbon and cation exchange capacity were determined by hydrometric, wet oxidation and ammonium acetate methods, respectively. Eh by Eh electrode, total iron, free iron and amorphous iron were determined using nitric acid, dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate and ammonium oxalate methods, respectively. The means of different Fe forms values compared through LSD test. \r\nResults and Discussion: It can be seen especial morphological and physicochemical characteristics in studied paddy soils with high groundwater table due to artificial submerging in rice growing seasonDifferent Fe mottles such as orange mottles include lepidocrocite mineral was observed in studied soils. Low redox potential with average 145/7mV and rH with average 19.6 in lowland and coastal soils implicate intense reduction condition. In lowland soils Eh was lower than other units and it was lower in top horizons than to sub horizons in all of units. Eh index had inverse relationship with organic matter, because of high organic matter amount caused high activity of anaerobic micro-organisms, increase of iron reduction and reduction soils degree decrease. rH index amounts showed that studied soils had reduction condition and presence of brown iron and black manganese minerals proved this condition. CEC was high in top soil of physiographic units due to high amount of organic matter and clay content. Clay particles in plateaues were lower than other units because of alteration and suitable aeration and showed high evolution in these soils. Clay coatings were not observed due to high ground water table and its alternative fluctuation. Results showed amorphous iron in surface horizons with average amount of 24.3g kg-1 was higher than subsurface in all soils and had positive correlation with organic matter, because of high activity of anaerobic micro-organisms that prevent from transformation of amorphous iron to crystallized iron, therefore amorphous iron amount increased in presence of organic matter. Pedogenic iron was high in A and B horizons with regard to BC and C horizons due to aeration and weathering. In lowland and coastal land Fed was lower than plateaues and upper terraces and river alluviums units because of ground water presence and its alternative fluctuation. Fed-Feo index showed crystallized iron oxides, high amount of Fed-Feo index proved soils evolution and high weathering. Feo/Fed ratio was related to amorphous pedogenic iron and high amount of this index showed few evolution of soil. Fed/Feo and Fed-Feo indexes indicated the lower rate of crystallized iron with average 6.8g kg-1 in lowland and coastal soils and implicated the lower evolution of these units' soils, due to higher surface groundwater and its more fluctuation than soils of plateaues, upper terraces and river alluviums unites with average amount of crystallized iron 15/8g kg-1.The comparison of different Fe forms using LSD method showed significant difference at the 0.01 level for different Fe forms values in different physiographic units.\r\nConclusion: Submerging, high groundwater table and severe fluctuation caused noticeable changes in morphological, physical, chemical and electrochemical properties of studied paddy soils. Noticeable organic matter amount added to soil and their burial by puddling operation and slow decomposition were effective factors in redox potential changes of studied wet soils. In equal anaerobic condition, more organic matter caused to decrease redox potential in surface horizons of soils with aquic condition and reverse, lower organic matter caused increasing in redox potential. lower amount of Eh and rH proved severe reduction condition in lowland. Investigation of Fed-Feo and Feo/Fed showed that their amount in lowland and coastal land were lower than plateaus and river alluviums, therefore lowland and coastal soils had lower evolution. Mean comparison of different Fe forms values using LSD method showed significant difference at the 0.01 level for different Fe forms in different physiographic units.","source":"DOAJ","year":2017,"language":"","subjects":["Agriculture (General)","Irrigation engineering. Reclamation of wasteland. Drainage"],"doi":"10.22067/jsw.v30i2.39163","url":"http://jsw.um.ac.ir/index.php/jsw/article/view/39163","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":61}],"total":6317013,"page":1,"page_size":20,"sources":["DOAJ","Semantic Scholar","CrossRef"],"query":"Irrigation engineering. Reclamation of wasteland. Drainage"}