{"results":[{"id":"doaj_10.1186/s12879-026-12530-4","title":"Correction: Dutch participatory surveillance framework for evaluating evolutionary changes on SARS-CoV-2 affecting rapid diagnostic test sensitivity in 2022 − 2023","authors":[{"name":"Eva Kozanli"},{"name":"Wanda Han"},{"name":"Tara Smit"},{"name":"Jordy  de Bakker"},{"name":"Mansoer Elahi"},{"name":"Ryanne Jaarsma"},{"name":"Gesa Carstens"},{"name":"Albert Jan van Hoek"},{"name":"Dirk Eggink"}],"abstract":"","source":"DOAJ","year":2026,"language":"","subjects":["Infectious and parasitic diseases"],"doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-12530-4","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-12530-4","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":70},{"id":"doaj_10.1097/IM9.0000000000000196","title":"Mpox as Two Global Health Emergencies: Altered Transmission, Genomics, Clinical Manifestation and Public Health Impact","authors":[{"name":"Sanchita Chakraborty"},{"name":"S.R. Rao"},{"name":"Abhijit Poddar"}],"abstract":"Mpox virus (MPXV) is the only pathogen that triggered two Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) declarations, first in July 2022 and then again in August 2024. The 2022 outbreak was attributed primarily to clade IIb MPXV, specifically lineage B.1. However, the 2024 global outbreak was largely due to the emergence of clade Ib MPXV, which was first identified in the Sud Kivu region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2023. During this period, the transmission route of MPXV transitioned from primarily zoonotic spillovers to sustained human-to-human transmission, disproportionately affecting vulnerable groups such as men-who-have-sex-with-men, immunocompromised individuals and marginalized populations with limited access to healthcare. This shift has been driven by critical mutations in genes associated with viral fitness, immune evasion and transmission dynamics. Moreover, these changes correspond with atypical and often milder yet more transmissible clinical presentations, complicating the detection and management of cases. Despite these challenges, health system preparedness has remained uneven. High-income countries leverage existing infrastructure to facilitate rapid responses through proactive policies and financial commitments. However, many low- and middle-income countries struggle with delayed case detection, limited surge capacity, community unawareness and fragmented outbreak governance. Although diagnostics, vaccines and antivirals have advanced, issues such as accessibility, affordability and distribution have persisted, hindering global solidarity efforts. This narrative review integrates evidence on the evolution of MPXV clades, clinical heterogeneity, and public health responses. Furthermore, by learning from past outbreaks, this review proposes actionable, time-sensitive recommendations to strengthen surveillance, ensure equitable deployment of countermeasures, secure supply chains and embed One Health approaches for increased resilience.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Infectious and parasitic diseases"],"doi":"10.1097/IM9.0000000000000196","url":"http://journals.lww.com/10.1097/IM9.0000000000000196","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"arxiv_2512.21005","title":"Learning from Neighbors with PHIBP: Predicting Infectious Disease Dynamics in Data-Sparse Environments","authors":[{"name":"Edwin Fong"},{"name":"Lancelot F. James"},{"name":"Juho Lee"}],"abstract":"Modeling sparse count data, which arise across numerous scientific fields, presents significant statistical challenges. This chapter addresses these challenges in the context of infectious disease prediction, with a focus on predicting outbreaks in geographic regions that have historically reported zero cases. To this end, we present the detailed computational framework and experimental application of the Poisson Hierarchical Indian Buffet Process (PHIBP), with demonstrated success in handling sparse count data in microbiome and ecological studies. The PHIBP's architecture, grounded in the concept of absolute abundance, systematically borrows statistical strength from related regions and circumvents the known sensitivities of relative-rate methods to zero counts. Through a series of experiments on infectious disease data, we show that this principled approach provides a robust foundation for generating coherent predictive distributions and for the effective use of comparative measures such as alpha and beta diversity. The chapter's emphasis on algorithmic implementation and experimental results confirms that this unified framework delivers both accurate outbreak predictions and meaningful epidemiological insights in data-sparse settings.","source":"arXiv","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["stat.ML","cs.LG","math.PR"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.21005","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.21005","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2025-12-24T07:10:17Z","score":69},{"id":"ss_71d7bb10dbfd12e030ce0c0caa109954563d7bfd","title":"Prevalence and attributable health burdens of vector-borne parasitic infectious diseases of poverty, 1990–2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","authors":[{"name":"Yin-shan Zhu"},{"name":"Zhichao Sun"},{"name":"Jin-Xin Zheng"},{"name":"Shun-Xian Zhang"},{"name":"Jing-Xian Yin"},{"name":"Hanqing Zhao"},{"name":"Hai-Mo Shen"},{"name":"G. Baneth"},{"name":"Jun-Hu Chen"},{"name":"K. Kassegne"}],"abstract":"Vector-borne parasitic infectious diseases associated with poverty (referred to as vb-pIDP), such as malaria, leishmaniasis, lymphatic filariasis, African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease, and onchocerciasis, are highly prevalent in many regions around the world. This study aims to characterize the recent burdens of and changes in these vb-pIDP globally and provide a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of geographical and temporal trends. Data on the prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of the vb-pIDP were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 for 21 geographical regions and 204 countries worldwide, from 1990–2021. The age-standardized prevalence rate and DALYs rate by age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI) were calculated to quantify temporal trends. Correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the age-standardized rate and the SDI. Over the past 30 years, the age-standardized prevalence rate and DALYs rate of these vb-pIDP have generally decreased, with some fluctuations. The distribution of vb-pIDP globally is highly distinctive. Except for Chagas disease, the age-standardized prevalence rate and DALYs rate of other vb-pIDP were highest in low-SDI regions by 2021. Malaria had the highest age-standardized prevalence rate (2336.8 per 100,000 population, 95% UI: 2122.9, 2612.2 per 100,000 population) and age-standardized DALYs rate (806.0 per 100,000 population, 95% UI: 318.9, 1570.2 per 100,000 population) among these six vb-pIDP globally. Moreover, significant declines in the age-standardized prevalence rate and DALYs rate have been observed in association with an increase in the SDI . Globally, 0.14% of DALYs related to malaria are attributed to child underweight, and 0.08% of DALYs related to malaria are attributed to child stunting. The age-standardized prevalence rate and DALY rates for the vb-pIDP showed pronounced decreasing trends from 1990–2021. However, the vb-pIDP burden remains a substantial challenge for vector-borne infectious disease control globally and requires effective control strategies and healthcare systems. The findings provide scientific evidence for designing targeted health interventions and contribute to improving the prevention and control of infectious diseases.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1186/s40249-024-01260-x","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/71d7bb10dbfd12e030ce0c0caa109954563d7bfd","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-024-01260-x","is_open_access":true,"citations":21,"published_at":"","score":68.63},{"id":"ss_9948cdea278f6943246e6efd9b302f2e1825e441","title":"One World, One Health: Zoonotic Diseases, Parasitic Diseases, and Infectious Diseases","authors":[{"name":"G. Deiana"},{"name":"A. Arghittu"},{"name":"M. Dettori"},{"name":"Paolo Castiglia"}],"abstract":"When we take into account how the boundaries between human, animal, and environmental health are inextricably linked and increasingly intertwined, it comes as no surprise that the One Health approach has assumed an unprecedented level of importance over the past decade [...].","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.3390/healthcare12090922","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9948cdea278f6943246e6efd9b302f2e1825e441","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/12/9/922/pdf?version=1714461038","is_open_access":true,"citations":14,"published_at":"","score":68.42},{"id":"ss_7bb93d5b0611db73b6099fc53811b784180bd6d6","title":"Diagnostic utility of ultrasonography for thoracic and abdominal bacterial and parasitic diseases in ruminants: a comprehensive overview","authors":[{"name":"M. Tharwat"},{"name":"Takeshi Tsuka"}],"abstract":"This review article describes the roles of ultrasound in assessing thoracic and abdominal infectious diseases, mainly bacterial and parasitic ones that affect farm animals, including cattle, camels, sheep, and goats. Ultrasonography is a non-invasive imaging technique used to diagnose infectious diseases affecting the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and hepatobiliary systems. In cases of thoracic and abdominal infections, ultrasound typically reveals abnormalities in echogenicity and echotexture, the presence of unusual artifacts, and mass formation exerting pressure on surrounding structures. Inflammatory and degenerative changes within the viscera can be identified ultrasonographically by comparing the echogenicity of affected areas with that of the surrounding normal parenchyma, such as in fascioliasis. Bacterial and parasitic infections often result in capsular mass lesions with anechoic contents, as observed in hydatid cysts and cysticercosis, or varying echogenic contents, as observed in liver abscesses. Effusions within the pericardium, pleura, and peritoneum are common ultrasonographic findings in infectious thoracic and abdominal diseases. However, these effusions' echogenicity does not always allow for clear differentiation between transudates and exudates. The routine use of ultrasonography in the evaluation of the chest and abdomen in affected or suspected ruminants is highly beneficial for detection, guiding therapeutic decisions, assessing prognosis, and aiding in the eradication of highly contagious diseases that cause significant economic losses.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1435395","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7bb93d5b0611db73b6099fc53811b784180bd6d6","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1435395","is_open_access":true,"citations":13,"published_at":"","score":68.39},{"id":"doaj_10.1186/s12879-024-10023-w","title":"Impact of COVID-19 health precautions on asymptomatic Streptococcus pyogenes carriage in palestinian children: a pre- and post-pandemic study","authors":[{"name":"Ibrahim Amer Ghannam"},{"name":"Rana Mahmoud Maraqa"},{"name":"Duha Shokri Qawasmeh"},{"name":"Rania Khalil Alsous"},{"name":"Sakra Mohammad Abu Jaber"},{"name":"Iman Abd Almuti Ghatasha"},{"name":"Yahya Ibrahim Ghannam"}],"abstract":"Abstract Background Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus, GAS) is a significant pathogen that causes diverse infections, ranging from pharyngitis to severe invasive diseases. Asymptomatic carriage in children is pivotal for transmission. The COVID-19 pandemic’s health measures, including mask wearing and enhanced hand hygiene, likely influenced GAS transmission dynamics. This study evaluated the impact of these precautions on the prevalence of asymptomatic pharyngeal GAS carriage among schoolchildren in the southern West Bank, Palestine. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in two phases: pre-COVID-19 (November 2019–January 2020) and post-COVID-19 (November 2023–April 2024). Throat swabs were collected from 701 children (345 pre-COVID-19, 356 post-COVID-19) via cluster sampling. The samples were tested with the ABON Strep A rapid test and confirmed by culture. Sociodemographic, health, and household data were also collected. The statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression. Results The prevalence of asymptomatic pharyngeal GAS carriage declined from 15.7% pre-COVID-19 to 10.4% post-COVID-19 (p = 0.038). Significant reductions were observed among urban residents (23.5–10.1%, p = 0.003) and those from medium socioeconomic backgrounds (16.0–9.1%, p = 0.008). Compared with urban residents, rural residents had lower GAS carriage rates (adjusted OR = 0.505, p = 0.023). Carriage rates also decreased among children with frequent sore throats (17.6–7.3%, p = 0.007) and those using private wells (52.5–14.9%, p \u003c 0.001). Higher BMI was a significant risk factor (adjusted OR = 17.68, p \u003c 0.001), whereas frequent tooth brushing (adjusted OR = 0.055, p \u003c 0.001) and hand washing (adjusted OR = 0.367, p \u003c 0.001) were protective factors. Conclusions COVID-19-related health precautions were correlated with a significant reduction in asymptomatic GAS carriage among Palestinian children. These findings suggest that public health measures, such as mask wearing and hand hygiene, can influence the transmission of respiratory pathogens. Ongoing surveillance and targeted interventions are essential for managing GAS infections, particularly in resource-limited settings.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Infectious and parasitic diseases"],"doi":"10.1186/s12879-024-10023-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-10023-w","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.1186/s12879-023-08725-8","title":"Oritavancin as sequential therapy for Gram-positive bloodstream infections","authors":[{"name":"Williams Monier Texidor"},{"name":"Matthew A. Miller"},{"name":"Kyle C. Molina"},{"name":"Martin Krsak"},{"name":"Barbara Calvert"},{"name":"Caitlin Hart"},{"name":"Marie Storer"},{"name":"Douglas N. Fish"}],"abstract":"Abstract Background Oritavancin, a long-acting lipoglycopeptide approved for use in acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections, has limited data evaluating use in serious infections due to Gram-positive organisms. We aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of oritavancin for consolidative treatment of Gram-positive bloodstream infections (BSI), including infective endocarditis (IE). Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study evaluating adult patients admitted to University of Colorado Hospital from March 2016 to January 2022 who received ≥ 1 oritavancin dose for treatment of Gram-positive BSI. Patients were excluded if the index culture was drawn at an outside facility or were \u003e 89 years of age. The primary outcome was a 90-day composite failure (clinical or microbiological failure) in those with 90-day follow-up. Secondary outcomes included individual components of the primary outcome, acute kidney injury (AKI), infusion-related reactions (IRR), and institutional cost avoidance. Results Overall, 72 patients were included. Mean ± SD age was 54 ± 16 years, 61% were male, and 10% had IE. Organisms most commonly causing BSI were Staphylococcus aureus (68%, 17% methicillin-resistant), followed by Streptococcus spp. (26%), and Enterococcus spp. (10%). Patients received standard-of-care antibiotics before oritavancin for a median (IQR) of 11 (5–17) days. Composite failure in the clinically evaluable population (n = 64) at 90-days occurred in 14% and was composed of clinical and microbiological failure, which occurred in 14% and 5% of patients, respectively. Three patients (4%) experienced AKI after oritavancin, and two (3%) experienced an IRR. Oritavancin utilization resulted in earlier discharge for 94% of patients corresponding to an institutional cost-avoidance of $3,055,804 (mean $44,938/patient) from 1,102 hospital days saved (mean 16 days/patient). Conclusions The use of oritavancin may be an effective sequential therapy for Gram-positive BSI to facilitate early discharge resulting in institutional cost avoidance.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Infectious and parasitic diseases"],"doi":"10.1186/s12879-023-08725-8","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-023-08725-8","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102686","title":"The increase in cases and deaths from malaria in the Brazilian Yanomami territory is associated with the spread of illegal gold mining in the region: A 20-year ecological study","authors":[{"name":"Paulo Ricardo Martins-Filho"},{"name":"Francy Waltília Cruz Araújo"},{"name":"Luiz Carlos Santos-Júnior"},{"name":"Bianca Marques Santiago"},{"name":"Francisco Helmer Almeida Santos"},{"name":"Analany Pereira Dias Araújo"},{"name":"Carlos Eduardo Palhares Machado"},{"name":"Shirley Verônica Melo Almeida Lima"}],"abstract":"","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine","Infectious and parasitic diseases"],"doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102686","url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1477893923001461","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"arxiv_2410.16617","title":"Markov switching zero-inflated space-time multinomial models for comparing multiple infectious diseases","authors":[{"name":"Dirk Douwes-Schultz"},{"name":"Alexandra M. Schmidt"},{"name":"Laís Picinini Freitas"},{"name":"Marilia Sá Carvalho"}],"abstract":"Univariate zero-inflated models are increasingly being used to account for excess zeros in spatio-temporal infectious disease counts. However, the multivariate case is challenging due to the need to account for correlations across space, time and disease in both the count and zero-inflated components of the model. We are interested in comparing the transmission dynamics of several co-circulating infectious diseases across space and time, where some of the diseases can be absent for long periods. We first assume there is a baseline disease that is well-established and always present in the region. The other diseases switch between periods of presence and absence in each area through a series of coupled Markov chains, which account for long periods of disease absence, disease interactions and disease spread from neighboring areas. Since we are mainly interested in comparing the diseases, we assume the cases of the present diseases in an area jointly follow an autoregressive multinomial model. We use the multinomial model to investigate whether there are associations between certain factors, such as temperature, and differences in the transmission intensity of the diseases. Inference is performed using efficient Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo methods based on jointly sampling all unknown presence indicators. We apply the model to spatio-temporal counts of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya cases in Rio de Janeiro, during the first triple epidemic there.","source":"arXiv","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["stat.AP"],"doi":"10.1093/biostatistics/kxaf034","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.16617","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2410.16617","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2024-10-22T02:03:03Z","score":68},{"id":"arxiv_2412.14338","title":"GREGoR: Accelerating Genomics for Rare Diseases","authors":[{"name":"Moez Dawood"},{"name":"Ben Heavner"},{"name":"Marsha M. Wheeler"},{"name":"Rachel A. Ungar"},{"name":"Jonathan LoTempio"},{"name":"Laurens Wiel"},{"name":"Seth Berger"},{"name":"Jonathan A. Bernstein"},{"name":"Jessica X. Chong"},{"name":"Emmanuèle C. Délot"},{"name":"Evan E. Eichler"},{"name":"Richard A. Gibbs"},{"name":"James R. Lupski"},{"name":"Ali Shojaie"},{"name":"Michael E. Talkowski"},{"name":"Alex H. Wagner"},{"name":"Chia-Lin Wei"},{"name":"Christopher Wellington"},{"name":"Matthew T. Wheeler"},{"name":"GREGoR Partner Members"},{"name":"Claudia M. B. Carvalho"},{"name":"Casey A. Gifford"},{"name":"Susanne May"},{"name":"Danny E. Miller"},{"name":"Heidi L. Rehm"},{"name":"Fritz J. Sedlazeck"},{"name":"Eric Vilain"},{"name":"Anne O'Donnell-Luria"},{"name":"Jennifer E. Posey"},{"name":"Lisa H. Chadwick"},{"name":"Michael J. Bamshad"},{"name":"Stephen B. Montgomery"},{"name":"Genomics Research to Elucidate the Genetics of Rare Diseases"},{"name":" Consortium"}],"abstract":"Rare diseases are collectively common, affecting approximately one in twenty individuals worldwide. In recent years, rapid progress has been made in rare disease diagnostics due to advances in DNA sequencing, development of new computational and experimental approaches to prioritize genes and genetic variants, and increased global exchange of clinical and genetic data. However, more than half of individuals suspected to have a rare disease lack a genetic diagnosis. The Genomics Research to Elucidate the Genetics of Rare Diseases (GREGoR) Consortium was initiated to study thousands of challenging rare disease cases and families and apply, standardize, and evaluate emerging genomics technologies and analytics to accelerate their adoption in clinical practice. Further, all data generated, currently representing ~7500 individuals from ~3000 families, is rapidly made available to researchers worldwide via the Genomic Data Science Analysis, Visualization, and Informatics Lab-space (AnVIL) to catalyze global efforts to develop approaches for genetic diagnoses in rare diseases (https://gregorconsortium.org/data). The majority of these families have undergone prior clinical genetic testing but remained unsolved, with most being exome-negative. Here, we describe the collaborative research framework, datasets, and discoveries comprising GREGoR that will provide foundational resources and substrates for the future of rare disease genomics.","source":"arXiv","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["q-bio.OT"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.14338","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.14338","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2024-12-18T21:11:13Z","score":68},{"id":"crossref_10.1016/b978-0-443-18742-1.00004-x","title":"Parasitic infections","authors":[{"name":"Saif ul Islam"}],"abstract":"","source":"CrossRef","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.1016/b978-0-443-18742-1.00004-x","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-18742-1.00004-x","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"arxiv_2308.03037","title":"Machine Learning for Infectious Disease Risk Prediction: A Survey","authors":[{"name":"Mutong Liu"},{"name":"Yang Liu"},{"name":"Jiming Liu"}],"abstract":"Infectious diseases, either emerging or long-lasting, place numerous people at risk and bring heavy public health burdens worldwide. In the process against infectious diseases, predicting the epidemic risk by modeling the disease transmission plays an essential role in assisting with preventing and controlling disease transmission in a more effective way. In this paper, we systematically describe how machine learning can play an essential role in quantitatively characterizing disease transmission patterns and accurately predicting infectious disease risks. First, we introduce the background and motivation of using machine learning for infectious disease risk prediction. Next, we describe the development and components of various machine learning models for infectious disease risk prediction. Specifically, existing models fall into three categories: Statistical prediction, data-driven machine learning, and epidemiology-inspired machine learning. Subsequently, we discuss challenges encountered when dealing with model inputs, designing task-oriented objectives, and conducting performance evaluation. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of open questions and future directions.","source":"arXiv","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.LG"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.03037","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2308.03037","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2023-08-06T06:57:11Z","score":67},{"id":"ss_31bfc39ebfb499bbcc0653235c96054d22f80614","title":"Hospital admissions due to infectious and parasitic diseases in England and Wales between 1999 and 2019: an ecological study","authors":[{"name":"Kanar Sweiss"},{"name":"A. Naser"},{"name":"Mohammed S Samannodi"},{"name":"H. Alwafi"}],"abstract":"Background Infectious diseases continue to account for considerable illness and death worldwide, and emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are a significant burden on global economies and public health. This study aimed to investigate the trends in infectious and parasitic disease (IPD) hospital admissions (HA) in England and Wales between 1999 and 2019. Methods This is an ecological study using publicly available data taken from the Hospital Episode Statistics database in England and the Patient Episode Database for Wales. Hospital admission data were collected for the period between April 1999 to March 2019. IPDHA were identified using the tenth version of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases system, diagnostic codes (A00–B99). The trend in hospital admissions was assessed using a Poisson model. Results The overall annual number for IPD hospital admissions for various causes increased by 412.9%, from 151,336 in 1999 to 776,215 in 2019, representing an increase in hospital admission rate of 349.9% from 290.25 (95% CI 288.79–291.71) in 1999 to 1305.88 (95% CI 1303.00–1308.77) in 2019 per 100,000 persons: trend test, p \u003c 0.01. The most common causes of infectious and parasitic disease hospital admissions were intestinal infectious diseases, other bacterial diseases, and other viral diseases, which accounted for 33.6, 27.5, and 23.8%, respectively. Patients aged 15 years and below accounted for 34.2% of the entire number of IPD hospital admissions, followed by the age group 15–59 years with 27.9%, the age group 75 years and above with 22.7%, and then the age group 60–74 years with 15.2%. Conclusion There was an increase in the hospital admission rate due to infectious diseases in the UK from 1999 to 2019. The most common causes of infectious and parasitic disease hospital admissions were intestinal infectious diseases, other bacterial diseases, and other viral diseases.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2022,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1186/s12879-022-07388-1","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/31bfc39ebfb499bbcc0653235c96054d22f80614","pdf_url":"https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12879-022-07388-1","is_open_access":true,"citations":28,"published_at":"","score":66.84},{"id":"ss_44bff951fe0f8ce2fd65224d81560353df8880d2","title":"Environmental Persistence of the World's Most Burdensome Infectious and Parasitic Diseases","authors":[{"name":"Skylar R. Hopkins"},{"name":"I. Jones"},{"name":"J. Buck"},{"name":"C. LeBoa"},{"name":"L. Kwong"},{"name":"Kim Jacobsen"},{"name":"Chloe G Rickards"},{"name":"A. Lund"},{"name":"Nicole Nova"},{"name":"Andrew J. MacDonald"},{"name":"Miles Lambert-Peck"},{"name":"G. D. De Leo"},{"name":"S. Sokolow"}],"abstract":"Humans live in complex socio-ecological systems where we interact with parasites and pathogens that spend time in abiotic and biotic environmental reservoirs (e.g., water, air, soil, other vertebrate hosts, vectors, intermediate hosts). Through a synthesis of published literature, we reviewed the life cycles and environmental persistence of 150 parasites and pathogens tracked by the World Health Organization's Global Burden of Disease study. We used those data to derive the time spent in each component of a pathogen's life cycle, including total time spent in humans versus all environmental stages. We found that nearly all infectious organisms were “environmentally mediated” to some degree, meaning that they spend time in reservoirs and can be transmitted from those reservoirs to human hosts. Correspondingly, many infectious diseases were primarily controlled through environmental interventions (e.g., vector control, water sanitation), whereas few (14%) were primarily controlled by integrated methods (i.e., combining medical and environmental interventions). Data on critical life history attributes for most of the 150 parasites and pathogens were difficult to find and often uncertain, potentially hampering efforts to predict disease dynamics and model interactions between life cycle time scales and infection control strategies. We hope that this synthetic review and associated database serve as a resource for understanding both common patterns among parasites and pathogens and important variability and uncertainty regarding particular infectious diseases. These insights can be used to improve systems-based approaches for controlling environmentally mediated diseases of humans in an era where the environment is rapidly changing.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2022,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2022.892366","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/44bff951fe0f8ce2fd65224d81560353df8880d2","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.892366/pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":23,"published_at":"","score":66.69},{"id":"ss_f67d0172a5034118fd679484348375e2f4be7aa6","title":"Common infectious and parasitic diseases as a cause of seizures: geographic distribution and contribution to the burden of epilepsy","authors":[{"name":"E. Yacubian"},{"name":"A. Kakooza-Mwesige"},{"name":"Gagandeep Singh"},{"name":"A. Carpio"},{"name":"N. V. D. de Figueiredo"},{"name":"Ricardo Lutzky Saute"},{"name":"Tissiana Marques de Haes"}],"abstract":"This educational review article aims to provide information on the central nervous system (CNS) infectious and parasitic diseases that frequently cause seizures and acquired epilepsy in the developing world. We explain the difficulties in defining acute symptomatic seizures, which are common in patients with meningitis, viral encephalitis, malaria, and neurocysticercosis, most of which are associated with increased mortality and morbidity, including subsequent epilepsy. Geographic location determines the common causes of infectious and parasitic diseases in a particular region. Management issues encompass prompt treatment of acute symptomatic seizures and the underlying CNS infection, correction of associated predisposing factors, and decisions regarding the appropriate choice and duration of antiseizure therapy. Although healthcare provider education, to recognize and diagnose seizures and epilepsy related to these diseases, is a feasible objective to save lives, prevention of CNS infections and infestations is the only definitive way forward to reduce the burden of epilepsy in developing countries.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2022,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1684/epd.2022.1491","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f67d0172a5034118fd679484348375e2f4be7aa6","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.1684/epd.2022.1491","is_open_access":true,"citations":19,"published_at":"","score":66.57},{"id":"ss_91f143f2a489ec1fc8b2120b59d54ae557c60349","title":"Antibacterial activities of 13 medicinal plants used against infectious and parasitic diseases in Kinshasa and its surroundings, D.R. Congo","authors":[{"name":"Marie Fundiko Cakupewa"},{"name":"Florent Biduaya Mukeba"},{"name":"Aristarque Bulambo Mulonda"},{"name":"Jean de Dieu Mangambu Mokoso"},{"name":"Assumani Zabo Idrissa"}],"abstract":"The present research aims to test the antibacterial activities of a sample of 13 plant species used in traditional medicine against infectious and parasitic diseases in Kinshasa and its surroundings. Ten herbal drugs were tested in the laboratory on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Staphylococcus aureus. With the exception of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, three of the four bacterial strains tested are sensitive to the herbal recipes in this study: Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Staphylococcus aureus. These results give credibility to the traditional knowledge of local ethnic groups for the antibacterial properties of traditional prescriptions used in traditional medicine.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2022,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.53771/ijbpsa.2022.3.2.0045","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/91f143f2a489ec1fc8b2120b59d54ae557c60349","pdf_url":"https://ijbpsa.com/sites/default/files/IJBPSA-2022-0045.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":3,"published_at":"","score":66.09},{"id":"doaj_10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00154","title":"The impact of globalization and climate change on Trichinella spp. epidemiology","authors":[{"name":"Edoardo Pozio"}],"abstract":"The main reservoir hosts of nematodes of the genus Trichinella are wild carnivores, although most human infections are caused by the consumption of pork. This group of zoonotic parasites completes the entire natural life cycle within the host organism. However, there is an important phase of the cycle that has only been highlighted in recent years and which concerns the permanence of the infecting larvae in the striated muscles of the host carcasses waiting to be ingested by a new host. To survive in this unique biological niche, Trichinella spp. larvae have developed an anaerobic metabolism for their survival in rotting carcasses and, for some species, a resistance to freezing for months or years in cold regions. Climate changes with increasingly temperatures and reduction of environmental humidity lower the survival time of larvae in host carcasses. In addition, environmental changes affect the biology and ecology of the main host species, reducing their number and age composition due to natural habitat fragmentation caused by increasing human settlements, extensive monocultures, increasing number of food animals, and reduction of trophic chains and biodiversity. All of these factors lead to a reduction in biological and environmental complexity that is the key to the natural host-parasite balance. In conclusion, Trichinella nematodes can be considered as an indicator of a health natural ecosystem.","source":"DOAJ","year":2022,"language":"","subjects":["Infectious and parasitic diseases"],"doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00154","url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405676622000117","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66},{"id":"doaj_10.1155/2022/6159388","title":"Current Status of Fasciolosis of Goat in Sylhet, Bangladesh: An Integrated Morphomolecular Study","authors":[{"name":"Chamali Akter Shykat"},{"name":"Saiful Islam"},{"name":"Foyez Ahmed"},{"name":"Kazi Mehetazul Islam"},{"name":"Jamal Uddin Bhuiyan"},{"name":"Tilak Chandra Nath"}],"abstract":"Epidemiological information and proper identification of Fasciola species present in Bangladesh are important for control. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of liver fluke infection of goats in Sylhet, Bangladesh, and identifying those using integrated morphometric and molecular techniques. A total of 260 slaughtered goats (Capra hircus) were examined, and flukes were collected from infected liver using sterilized forceps. Fasciolosis prevalence in goats was 35.38% (92/260) across all age and sex categories. Female goats were found more infected (37.14%, 65/175) than male goats (31.76%, 27/85), while infection rate was found higher in young animals (37.91%, 69/182) compared to adults (29.48% 23/78). Infection rate was observed higher in rainy season (52.96%, 45/85), followed by winter (27.38%, 26/95) and summer (26.25%, 21/80). Collected flukes were examined by light microscopy after being stained with Semichon’s acetocarmine, and sequences of mtDNA Cox1 genes were obtained. Ten adult flukes were measured, 38.72±3.37 mm in length and 11.8±1.9 mm in width. Based on morphometric features especially branching of the testis and body length/body width ratios (3.28±0.42), the flukes were primarily identified as Fasciola gigantica. Amplicon sequences were compared by BLAST and the cox1 sequences showed 97.1-99.3% similarity with the reference sequences (F. gigantica and Fasciola sp.) from GenBank. In this study, we found a considerable prevalence of fascioliasis in goats, and F. gigantica was solely identified with variation. To control these parasites and prevent potential public health risks, appropriate control techniques must be developed.","source":"DOAJ","year":2022,"language":"","subjects":["Infectious and parasitic diseases"],"doi":"10.1155/2022/6159388","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6159388","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66},{"id":"arxiv_2204.10188","title":"To Simulate the Spread of Infectious Diseases by the Random Matrix","authors":[{"name":"Ting Wang"},{"name":"Gui-Yun Li"},{"name":"Xin-Hui Li"},{"name":"Chi-Chun Zhou"},{"name":"Yuan-Yuan Wang"},{"name":"Li-Juan Li"},{"name":"Yan-Ting Yang"}],"abstract":"The main aim to build models capable of simulating the spreading of infectious diseases is to control them. And along this way, the key to find the optimal strategy for disease control is to obtain a large number of simulations of disease transitions under different scenarios. Therefore, the models that can simulate the spreading of diseases under scenarios closer to the reality and are with high efficiency are preferred. In the realistic social networks, the random contact, including contacts between people in the public places and the public transits, becomes the important access for the spreading of infectious diseases. In this paper, a model can efficiently simulate the spreading of infectious diseases under random contacts is proposed. In this approach, the random contact between people is characterized by the random matrix with elements randomly generated and the spread of the diseases is simulated by the Markov process. We report an interesting property of the proposed model: the main indicators of the spreading of the diseases such as the death rate are invariant of the size of the population. Therefore, representative simulations can be conducted on models consist of small number of populations. The main advantage of this model is that it can easily simulate the spreading of diseases under more realistic scenarios and thus is able to give a large number of simulations needed for the searching of the optimal control strategy. Based on this work, the reinforcement learning will be introduced to give the optimal control strategy in the following work.","source":"arXiv","year":2022,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.SI"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.10188","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.10188","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2022-04-11T04:14:31Z","score":66}],"total":1524979,"page":1,"page_size":20,"sources":["CrossRef","DOAJ","arXiv","Semantic Scholar"],"query":"Infectious and parasitic diseases"}