{"results":[{"id":"ss_9d54ca7cf26a810ced668c924e9d81b71fb748d2","title":"A Concise History of Greece","authors":[{"name":"R. Clogg"}],"abstract":"List of illustrations Preface 1. Introduction 2. Ottoman rule and the emergence of the Greek state 1770-1831 3. Nation building, the 'great idea' and national schism 1831-1922 4. Catastrophe and occupation and their consequences 1923-49 5. The legacy of the civil war 1950-74 6. The consolidation of democracy and the populist decade 1974-90 7. Balkan turmoil and political modernization: Greece in the 1990s Biographies The royal houses of Greece Presidents Tables Key dates Guide to further reading Index.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["History"],"doi":"10.5860/choice.30-3961","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9d54ca7cf26a810ced668c924e9d81b71fb748d2","is_open_access":true,"citations":182,"published_at":"","score":70.46000000000001},{"id":"arxiv_2503.04313","title":"Episodes from the history of infinitesimals","authors":[{"name":"Mikhail G. Katz"}],"abstract":"Infinitesimals have seen ups and downs in their tumultuous history. In the 18th century, d'Alembert set the tone by describing infinitesimals as chimeras. Some adversaries of infinitesimals, including Moigno and Connes, picked up on the term. We highlight the work of Cauchy, Noël, Poisson and Riemann. We also chronicle reactions by Moigno, Lamarle and Cantor, and signal the start of a revival with Peano.","source":"arXiv","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["math.HO"],"doi":"10.1080/26375451.2025.2474811","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.04313","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.04313","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2025-03-06T10:58:17Z","score":69},{"id":"arxiv_2502.06764","title":"History-Guided Video Diffusion","authors":[{"name":"Kiwhan Song"},{"name":"Boyuan Chen"},{"name":"Max Simchowitz"},{"name":"Yilun Du"},{"name":"Russ Tedrake"},{"name":"Vincent Sitzmann"}],"abstract":"Classifier-free guidance (CFG) is a key technique for improving conditional generation in diffusion models, enabling more accurate control while enhancing sample quality. It is natural to extend this technique to video diffusion, which generates video conditioned on a variable number of context frames, collectively referred to as history. However, we find two key challenges to guiding with variable-length history: architectures that only support fixed-size conditioning, and the empirical observation that CFG-style history dropout performs poorly. To address this, we propose the Diffusion Forcing Transformer (DFoT), a video diffusion architecture and theoretically grounded training objective that jointly enable conditioning on a flexible number of history frames. We then introduce History Guidance, a family of guidance methods uniquely enabled by DFoT. We show that its simplest form, vanilla history guidance, already significantly improves video generation quality and temporal consistency. A more advanced method, history guidance across time and frequency further enhances motion dynamics, enables compositional generalization to out-of-distribution history, and can stably roll out extremely long videos. Project website: https://boyuan.space/history-guidance","source":"arXiv","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.LG","cs.CV"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.06764","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2502.06764","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2025-02-10T18:44:25Z","score":69},{"id":"arxiv_2501.11137","title":"Clustering indications before the Mw7.0 2020 Samos, Greece, main shock as revealed in an equivalent dimensions space","authors":[{"name":"Stanislaw Lasocki"},{"name":"Vasileios G. Karakostas"},{"name":"Eleftheria E. Papadimitriou"}],"abstract":"The transformation to equivalent dimensions that offers a novel approach for investigating earthquake clustering was engaged to analyze the preparatory phase of the 2020 Samos, Greece, Mw7.0 main shock. The analysis considered earthquakes that occurred between 2006 and October 2020, covering an area extended three times the length of the main rupture. Each earthquake was parameterized by its magnitude, the interevent time (interval since the previous earthquake), and the interevent spatial distance (distance between the epicenters of consecutive earthquakes). Transforming these parameters into equivalent dimensions allowed them to be directly compared. The degree of clustering was quantified using the average distance between earthquakes in this transformed parameter space, calculated within consecutive 100 events data windows. Results revealed a distinct pattern, the average distance was increasing steadily during the twelve year period before the main shock. These temporal changes in the average distance were driven by a systematic evolution of earthquake clustering in the used parameter space. Beginning from a two-cluster system, when the distance was minimal, the clustering development continued along two branches and ended before the main shock with the formation of five earthquake clusters of different characteristics.","source":"arXiv","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["physics.geo-ph"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.11137","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2501.11137","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2025-01-19T18:26:25Z","score":69},{"id":"arxiv_2403.06690","title":"From S-matrix theory to strings: Scattering data and the commitment to non-arbitrariness","authors":[{"name":"Robert van Leeuwen"}],"abstract":"The early history of string theory is marked by a shift from strong interaction physics to quantum gravity. The first string models and associated theoretical framework were formulated in the late 1960s and early 1970s in the context of the S-matrix program for the strong interactions. In the mid-1970s, the models were reinterpreted as a potential theory unifying the four fundamental forces. This paper provides a historical analysis of how string theory was developed out of S-matrix physics, aiming to clarify how modern string theory, as a theory detached from experimental data, grew out of an S-matrix program that was strongly dependent upon observable quantities. Surprisingly, the theoretical practice of physicists already turned away from experiment before string theory was recast as a potential unified quantum gravity theory. With the formulation of dual resonance models (the \"hadronic string theory\"), physicists were able to determine almost all of the models' parameters on the basis of theoretical reasoning. It was this commitment to \"non-arbitrariness\", i.e., a lack of free parameters in the theory, that initially drove string theorists away from experimental input, and not the practical inaccessibility of experimental data in the context of quantum gravity physics. This is an important observation when assessing the role of experimental data in string theory.","source":"arXiv","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["physics.hist-ph","gr-qc","hep-ph","hep-th"],"doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2023.12.011","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.06690","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.06690","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2024-03-11T13:05:08Z","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/educsci13040362","title":"Adult Education and Globally Engaged Trainers: The Case of Vocational Training Institutes","authors":[{"name":"Zoe Karanikola"},{"name":"Georgios Panagiotopoulos"}],"abstract":"Globalization provides access to people, services, goods, ideas, beliefs and values in a new way and poses fundamental challenges for all areas of education in every country. Education on global issues is a process of individual and collective growth which allows for transformation and self-transformation. In this vein, this quantitative study seeks to investigate the perspectives of 310 adult educators on global education training. The accessible population of the study was adult educators working in the public and private vocational training institutes in the region of Western Greece during the academic year 2021–2022. The random sampling technique was applied. Research findings show that teachers recognize the necessity and importance of training on global competence and most of them have attended one or more courses mostly during their undergraduate or postgraduate studies or during their participation in training programs. They also regard the University as the most appropriate training actor, and they are in favor of optional training programs and of mixed type. Regarding training topics, they proposed interculturalism, diversity, current events, religion, history, immigrants, environment, geography, human rights and culture. Finally, participants’ aspects do not seem to be affected by their employment relationship and years of service. On the contrary, gender, ICT knowledge and additional studies seem to affect the results of the research.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Education"],"doi":"10.3390/educsci13040362","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7102/13/4/362","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"arxiv_2306.17647","title":"A Brief History of Space VLBI","authors":[{"name":"Leonid I. Gurvits"}],"abstract":"Space Very Long Baseline Interferometry is a radio astronomy technique distinguished by a record-high angular resolution reaching single-digit microseconds of arc. The paper provides a brief account of the history of developments of this technique over the period 1960s-2020s.","source":"arXiv","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["astro-ph.IM"],"doi":"10.1109/HISTELCON56357.2023.10365962","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.17647","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.17647","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2023-06-30T13:34:32Z","score":67},{"id":"arxiv_2311.03428","title":"Note on episodes in the history of modeling measurements in local spacetime regions using QFT","authors":[{"name":"Doreen Fraser"},{"name":"Maria Papageorgiou"}],"abstract":"The formulation of a measurement theory for relativistic quantum field theory (QFT) has recently been an active area of research. In contrast to the asymptotic measurement framework that was enshrined in QED, the new proposals aim to supply a measurement framework for measurements in local spacetime regions. This paper surveys episodes in the history of quantum theory that contemporary researchers have identified as precursors to their own work and discusses how they laid the groundwork for current approaches to local measurement theory for QFT.","source":"arXiv","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["physics.hist-ph","quant-ph"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.03428","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.03428","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2023-11-06T18:22:06Z","score":67},{"id":"ss_6727f5f5b61cceeb18bf82a174331ea92ac4f73b","title":"The glacial history of Greece: a comprehensive review","authors":[{"name":"A. Leontaritis"},{"name":"K. Kouli"},{"name":"K. Pavlopoulos"},{"name":"K. Pavlopoulos"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":["Geology"],"doi":"10.1007/s42990-020-00021-w","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6727f5f5b61cceeb18bf82a174331ea92ac4f73b","is_open_access":true,"citations":45,"published_at":"","score":65.35},{"id":"doaj_10.4000/aitia.8614","title":"Alain Blanchard, Les Bucoliques de Théocrite. Construction et déconstruction d’un recueil","authors":[{"name":"Christophe Cusset"}],"abstract":"","source":"DOAJ","year":2021,"language":"","subjects":["History of Greece"],"doi":"10.4000/aitia.8614","url":"http://journals.openedition.org/aitia/8614","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65},{"id":"arxiv_2103.05280","title":"A Brief Historical Perspective on the Consistent Histories Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics","authors":[{"name":"Gustavo Rodrigues Rocha"},{"name":"Dean Rickles"},{"name":"Florian J. Boge"}],"abstract":"It will be presented in this chapter a historical account of the consistent histories interpretation of quantum mechanics based on primary and secondary literature. Firstly, the formalism of the consistent histories approach will be outlined.   Secondly, the works by Robert Griffiths and Roland Omnès will be discussed. Griffiths' seminal 1984 paper, the first physicist to have proposed a consistent-histories interpretation of quantum mechanics, followed by Omnès' 1990 paper, were instrumental to the consistent-histories model based on Boolean logic.   Thirdly, Murray Gell-Mann and James Hartle's steps to their own version of consistent-histories approach, motivated by a cosmological perspective, will then be described and evaluated. Gell-Mann and Hartle understood that spontaneous decoherence could path the way to a concrete physical model to Griffiths' consistent histories.   Moreover, the collective biography of these figures will be put in the context of the role played by the Santa Fe Institute, co-founded by Gell-Mann in 1984 in Santa Fe, New Mexico, where Hartle is also a member of the external faculty.","source":"arXiv","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["physics.hist-ph","quant-ph"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.05280","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.05280","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2021-03-09T08:09:08Z","score":65},{"id":"crossref_10.1017/9781108953924.012","title":"The royal houses of Greece","authors":null,"abstract":"","source":"CrossRef","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.1017/9781108953924.012","url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108953924.012","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65},{"id":"ss_b2c2965360716a3313f3f011da53926e04705ac6","title":"A zooarchaeological history of the Neolithic occupations at Franchthi Cave and paralia in southern Greece","authors":[{"name":"N. Munro"},{"name":"M. Stiner"}],"abstract":"Abstract The Neolithic settlement at Franchthi Cave was founded ca. 8650–8450 cal BP. It was one of the first Neolithic settlements in mainland Greece and was occupied over many phases within the regional Neolithic sequence. This zooarchaeological study examines the history of the Neolithic occupations of the site and the community’s relationship to the land and the sea. Zooarchaeological evidence shows that newcomers brought livestock and domestic plants into the area, and these formed the core of the economy throughout its long history. The caprines were intensively managed for meat throughout the cultural sequence, though secondary products such as milk and wool gained some importance toward the end. Caprine herds were sheltered in the cave, and dogs likely served as guardian animals. The settlement expanded and contracted over time and experienced variable connectivity with other Neolithic communities and regional trade networks. Given the small number of settlements in southern Greece and the rugged land separating them from one another, marine trade may have been critical for replenishing genetic variation in livestock at Franchthi.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":["Geography"],"doi":"10.1016/j.jaa.2020.101162","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b2c2965360716a3313f3f011da53926e04705ac6","is_open_access":true,"citations":12,"published_at":"","score":64.36},{"id":"doaj_10.4000/aitia.5312","title":"Remarks on the genitive in Apollonius Rhodius’ Argonautica","authors":[{"name":"Daniel Kölligan"}],"abstract":"","source":"DOAJ","year":2020,"language":"","subjects":["History of Greece"],"doi":"10.4000/aitia.5312","url":"http://journals.openedition.org/aitia/5312","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":64},{"id":"doaj_Mirrors+in+19th-century+Greek+prose+fiction%3A+The+King+of+Hades+%28Constantinople%2C+1882%29","title":"Mirrors in 19th-century Greek prose fiction: The King of Hades (Constantinople, 1882)","authors":[{"name":"Anastasia Tsapanidou"}],"abstract":"In 19th-century Modern Greek life, the most common written word that means 'mirror' was 'katoptron'. It is well-known that during this period katoptron as a material object still indicated luxury and welfare. Many 19th-century Modern Greek writers, just like their colleagues in Europe, used 'katoptron' as a means of mirroring in metaphorical and symbolic ways: it mirrors the body but reflects the soul, it tells truths or lies, it reveals the future or the past, it provokes feelings and emotions, joy or despair, self-complacency or remorse. A widespread use of katoptron during the same period made the mirror equivalent to a means that provides a wide periscopic or panoramic point of view, a full inspection of an issue discussed by the writer. But it appears that there was a wider spread of the use of katoptron/mirror as a synonym of profound (and meant to be scientific) research on social and individual morality. Some of these meanings of katoptron can be found in the three-volume Modern Greek novel The King of Hades published in Constantinople in 1882, written by Konstantinos Megarefs and obviously inspired by the famous The Count of Monte Cristo (1844) by Alexandre Dumas. The present paper examines the role of the mirror in this novel in the context of the aforementioned meanings. Subsequently it focuses on a very special use of a mirror as a secret key-mechanism and invisible door/passage leading to an underground space used for escape, hiding, and punishment, and it discusses this particular use of the mirror as a constructive element in the mystery novel.","source":"DOAJ","year":2020,"language":"","subjects":["History of Greece","Translating and interpreting","Greek philology and language"],"url":"https://journals.phil.muni.cz/neograeca-bohemica/article/view/27303","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":64},{"id":"arxiv_2009.02331","title":"History entanglement entropy","authors":[{"name":"Leonardo Castellani"}],"abstract":"A formalism is proposed to describe entangled quantum histories, and their entanglement entropy. We define a history vector, living in a tensor space with basis elements corresponding to the allowed histories, i.e. histories with nonvanishing amplitudes. The amplitudes are the components of the history vector, and contain the dynamical information. Probabilities of measurement sequences, and resulting collapse, are given by generalized Born rules: they are all expressed by means of projections and scalar products involving the history vector. Entangled history states are introduced, and a history density matrix is defined in terms of ensembles of history vectors. The corresponding history entropies (and history entanglement entropies for composite systems) are explicitly computed in two examples taken from quantum computation circuits.","source":"arXiv","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":["quant-ph","hep-th","physics.hist-ph"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.02331","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.02331","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2020-09-04T18:00:01Z","score":64},{"id":"arxiv_2004.01484","title":"The B. B. Newman Spelling Theorem","authors":[{"name":"Carl-Fredrik Nyberg-Brodda"}],"abstract":"This article aims to be a self-contained account of the history of the B. B. Newman Spelling Theorem, including the historical context in which it arose. First, an account of B. B. Newman and how he came to prove his Spelling Theorem is given, together with a description of the author's efforts to track this information down. Following this, a high-level description of combinatorial group theory is given. This is then tied in with a description of the history of the word problem, a fundamental problem in the area. After a description of some of the theory of one-relator groups, an important part of combinatorial group theory, the natural division line into the torsion and torsion-free case for such groups is described. This culminates in a statement of and general discussion about the B. B. Newman Spelling Theorem and its importance.","source":"arXiv","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":["math.HO","math.GR"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.01484","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.01484","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2020-04-03T11:46:01Z","score":64},{"id":"arxiv_2012.00753","title":"José Monteiro da Rocha (1734-1819) and his work of 1782 on the determination of comet orbits","authors":[{"name":"Fernando B. Figueiredo"},{"name":"João M. Fernandes"}],"abstract":"In 1782 José Monteiro da Rocha, astronomer and professor of the University of Coimbra, presented in a public session of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Lisbon a memoir on the problem of the determination of the comets' orbits. Only in 1799, the \"Determinação das Orbitas dos Cometas\" (Determination of the orbits of comets) would be published in the Academy's memoires. In that work, Monteiro da Rocha presents a method for solving the problem of the determination of the parabolic orbit of a comet from three observations. Monteiro da Rocha's method is essentially the same method proposed by Olbers and published under von Zach's sponsorship two years before, in 1797. To have been written and published in Portuguese was certainly a hindrance for its dissemination among the international astronomical community. In this article, we intend to present Monteiro da Rocha's method and trying to see to what extent Gomes Teixeira's assertion (Teixeira 1934) that Monteiro da Rocha and Olbers must figure together in the history of astronomy, as the first inventors of a practical and easy method for the determination of parabolic orbits of comets, is justified.","source":"arXiv","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":["physics.hist-ph","astro-ph.EP"],"doi":"10.1177/0021828620947844","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.00753","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.00753","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2020-12-01T15:41:59Z","score":64},{"id":"arxiv_1906.10635","title":"Widening Perspectives: The Intellectual and Social Benefits of Astrobiology, Big History, and the Exploration of Space","authors":[{"name":"Ian Crawford"}],"abstract":"Astrobiology is the field of science devoted to searching for life elsewhere in the Universe. It is inherently interdisciplinary, integrating results from multiple fields of science, and in this respect has strong synergies with 'big history'. I argue that big history and astrobiology are both acting to widen human perspectives in intellectually and socially beneficial directions, especially by enhancing public awareness of cosmic and evolutionary worldviews. I will further argue that these perspectives have important implications for the social and political organisation of humanity, including the eventual political unification of our planet. Astrobiology and big history are also concerned with the future of humanity, and I will argue that this future will be culturally and intellectually enriched if it includes the exploration of the universe around us.","source":"arXiv","year":2019,"language":"en","subjects":["physics.pop-ph"],"doi":"10.22339/jbh.v3i3.3312","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.10635","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.10635","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2019-06-15T01:06:22Z","score":63},{"id":"arxiv_1912.00914","title":"A Changing Dichotomy: The Conception of the \"Macroscopic\" and \"Microscopic\" Worlds in the History of Physics","authors":[{"name":"Zhixin Wang"}],"abstract":"This short essay traces the conceptual history of micro- and macroscopicity in the context of physical science. By focusing on three distinct episodes spanning five centuries, we show the scientific and philosophical meanings of this antonym pair, despite never being far from \"the small\" and \"the large,\" have been evolving as the frontier of science advances. We analyze the intellectual and material impetus for these movements, and conclude that this conceptual history reflects the changing interaction between the natural world and humankind.","source":"arXiv","year":2019,"language":"en","subjects":["physics.hist-ph","physics.pop-ph"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.00914","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.00914","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2019-12-02T16:42:08Z","score":63}],"total":2186598,"page":1,"page_size":20,"sources":["DOAJ","arXiv","Semantic Scholar","CrossRef"],"query":"History of Greece"}