{"results":[{"id":"ss_cb2f7b692a3a6fde784aca19531e5df97d25fbfd","title":"Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China","authors":[{"name":"Cuiyan Wang"},{"name":"R. Pan"},{"name":"X. Wan"},{"name":"Y. Tan"},{"name":"Linkang Xu"},{"name":"C. Ho"},{"name":"R. Ho"}],"abstract":"Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern and poses a challenge to psychological resilience. Research data are needed to develop evidence-driven strategies to reduce adverse psychological impacts and psychiatric symptoms during the epidemic. The aim of this study was to survey the general public in China to better understand their levels of psychological impact, anxiety, depression, and stress during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. The data will be used for future reference. Methods: From 31 January to 2 February 2020, we conducted an online survey using snowball sampling techniques. The online survey collected information on demographic data, physical symptoms in the past 14 days, contact history with COVID-19, knowledge and concerns about COVID-19, precautionary measures against COVID-19, and additional information required with respect to COVID-19. Psychological impact was assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and mental health status was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: This study included 1210 respondents from 194 cities in China. In total, 53.8% of respondents rated the psychological impact of the outbreak as moderate or severe; 16.5% reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms; 28.8% reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms; and 8.1% reported moderate to severe stress levels. Most respondents spent 20–24 h per day at home (84.7%); were worried about their family members contracting COVID-19 (75.2%); and were satisfied with the amount of health information available (75.1%). Female gender, student status, specific physical symptoms (e.g., myalgia, dizziness, coryza), and poor self-rated health status were significantly associated with a greater psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p \u003c 0.05). Specific up-to-date and accurate health information (e.g., treatment, local outbreak situation) and particular precautionary measures (e.g., hand hygiene, wearing a mask) were associated with a lower psychological impact of the outbreak and lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p \u003c 0.05). Conclusions: During the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, more than half of the respondents rated the psychological impact as moderate-to-severe, and about one-third reported moderate-to-severe anxiety. Our findings identify factors associated with a lower level of psychological impact and better mental health status that can be used to formulate psychological interventions to improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 epidemic.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.3390/ijerph17051729","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cb2f7b692a3a6fde784aca19531e5df97d25fbfd","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/5/1729/pdf?version=1583494840","is_open_access":true,"citations":8625,"published_at":"","score":94},{"id":"ss_dd0fae0b264b98b36faaf1a76a951c81f01f9956","title":"Risk of COVID-19 among front-line health-care workers and the general community: a prospective cohort study","authors":[{"name":"L. Nguyen"},{"name":"David A. Drew"},{"name":"M. Graham"},{"name":"A. Joshi"},{"name":"Chuan-Guo Guo"},{"name":"Wenjie Ma"},{"name":"Raaj S. Mehta"},{"name":"Erica T. Warner"},{"name":"Daniel R. Sikavi"},{"name":"Chun-Han Lo"},{"name":"Sohee Kwon"},{"name":"M. Song"},{"name":"L. Mucci"},{"name":"M. Stampfer"},{"name":"W. Willett"},{"name":"A. Eliassen"},{"name":"J. Hart"},{"name":"J. Chavarro"},{"name":"J. Rich-Edwards"},{"name":"R. Davies"},{"name":"J. Capdevila"},{"name":"KarlaA Lee"},{"name":"M. N. Lochlainn"},{"name":"Thomas Varsavsky"},{"name":"C. Sudre"},{"name":"M. Jorge Cardoso"},{"name":"J. Wolf"},{"name":"T. Spector"},{"name":"S. Ourselin"},{"name":"C. Steves"},{"name":"A. Chan"}],"abstract":"Background Data for front-line health-care workers and risk of COVID-19 are limited. We sought to assess risk of COVID-19 among front-line health-care workers compared with the general community and the effect of personal protective equipment (PPE) on risk. Methods We did a prospective, observational cohort study in the UK and the USA of the general community, including front-line health-care workers, using self-reported data from the COVID Symptom Study smartphone application (app) from March 24 (UK) and March 29 (USA) to April 23, 2020. Participants were voluntary users of the app and at first use provided information on demographic factors (including age, sex, race or ethnic background, height and weight, and occupation) and medical history, and subsequently reported any COVID-19 symptoms. We used Cox proportional hazards modelling to estimate multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of our primary outcome, which was a positive COVID-19 test. The COVID Symptom Study app is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04331509. Findings Among 2 035 395 community individuals and 99 795 front-line health-care workers, we recorded 5545 incident reports of a positive COVID-19 test over 34 435 272 person-days. Compared with the general community, front-line health-care workers were at increased risk for reporting a positive COVID-19 test (adjusted HR 11·61, 95% CI 10·93–12·33). To account for differences in testing frequency between front-line health-care workers and the general community and possible selection bias, an inverse probability-weighted model was used to adjust for the likelihood of receiving a COVID-19 test (adjusted HR 3·40, 95% CI 3·37–3·43). Secondary and post-hoc analyses suggested adequacy of PPE, clinical setting, and ethnic background were also important factors. Interpretation In the UK and the USA, risk of reporting a positive test for COVID-19 was increased among front-line health-care workers. Health-care systems should ensure adequate availability of PPE and develop additional strategies to protect health-care workers from COVID-19, particularly those from Black, Asian, and minority ethnic backgrounds. Additional follow-up of these observational findings is needed. Funding Zoe Global, Wellcome Trust, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, National Institutes of Health Research, UK Research and Innovation, Alzheimer's Society, National Institutes of Health, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30164-X","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dd0fae0b264b98b36faaf1a76a951c81f01f9956","pdf_url":"http://www.thelancet.com/article/S246826672030164X/pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":1626,"published_at":"","score":94},{"id":"ss_f9717d29840f4d8f1cc19d1b1e80c5d12ec40608","title":"A general reinforcement learning algorithm that masters chess, shogi, and Go through self-play","authors":[{"name":"David Silver"},{"name":"T. Hubert"},{"name":"Julian Schrittwieser"},{"name":"Ioannis Antonoglou"},{"name":"M. Lai"},{"name":"A. Guez"},{"name":"Marc Lanctot"},{"name":"L. Sifre"},{"name":"D. Kumaran"},{"name":"T. Graepel"},{"name":"T. Lillicrap"},{"name":"K. Simonyan"},{"name":"D. Hassabis"}],"abstract":"One program to rule them all Computers can beat humans at increasingly complex games, including chess and Go. However, these programs are typically constructed for a particular game, exploiting its properties, such as the symmetries of the board on which it is played. Silver et al. developed a program called AlphaZero, which taught itself to play Go, chess, and shogi (a Japanese version of chess) (see the Editorial, and the Perspective by Campbell). AlphaZero managed to beat state-of-the-art programs specializing in these three games. The ability of AlphaZero to adapt to various game rules is a notable step toward achieving a general game-playing system. Science, this issue p. 1140; see also pp. 1087 and 1118 AlphaZero teaches itself to play three different board games and beats state-of-the-art programs in each. The game of chess is the longest-studied domain in the history of artificial intelligence. The strongest programs are based on a combination of sophisticated search techniques, domain-specific adaptations, and handcrafted evaluation functions that have been refined by human experts over several decades. By contrast, the AlphaGo Zero program recently achieved superhuman performance in the game of Go by reinforcement learning from self-play. In this paper, we generalize this approach into a single AlphaZero algorithm that can achieve superhuman performance in many challenging games. Starting from random play and given no domain knowledge except the game rules, AlphaZero convincingly defeated a world champion program in the games of chess and shogi (Japanese chess), as well as Go.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2018,"language":"en","subjects":["Computer Science","Medicine"],"doi":"10.1126/science.aar6404","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f9717d29840f4d8f1cc19d1b1e80c5d12ec40608","pdf_url":"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/362/6419/1140.full.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":3964,"published_at":"","score":92},{"id":"ss_f2f39b9b23af33989352e52112d5c88650ed2312","title":"A short history of SHELX.","authors":[{"name":"G. Sheldrick"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2008,"language":"en","subjects":["Chemistry","Medicine"],"doi":"10.1107/S0108767307043930","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f2f39b9b23af33989352e52112d5c88650ed2312","pdf_url":"https://journals.iucr.org/a/issues/2008/01/00/sc5010/sc5010.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":76112,"published_at":"","score":82},{"id":"ss_da11dfac64c74c23501831417504cc009406d9a9","title":"What Happened in History","authors":[{"name":"Gordon Childe"},{"name":"G. Clark"},{"name":"Gordon Ghilde"}],"abstract":"PROFESSOR V. GORDON GHILDE, who died in the Blue Mountains of his native Australia in 1957 soon after retiring from the Directorship of the London University Institute of Archaeology, was one of the great pre-historians of the world. More perhaps than any other man he showed how by using the data won by archaeologists and natural scientists it was possible to gain a new view of what constituted human history. Inevitably some of the books in which he summarized, with brilliant mastery of detail, the current situation in different fields of prehistoric archaeology have begun to lose something of their value for modern students. The general works in which he opened up new and often vast perspectives on the other hand are in many cases classics that repay constant re-reading and are likely to retain their value for a long time to come. Of these one of the most important is the present volume, originally published in 1941 and last revised in 1954.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["History"],"doi":"10.1163/9789004752313","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/da11dfac64c74c23501831417504cc009406d9a9","is_open_access":true,"citations":301,"published_at":"","score":77.03},{"id":"ss_0a27fdf20b8f67dafcf22826c8336dafdf22a8ea","title":"National General Health Screening Program in Korea: history, current status, and future direction: A scoping review","authors":[{"name":"D. Shin"},{"name":"Juhee Cho"},{"name":"Jae Hyun Park"},{"name":"B. Cho"}],"abstract":"Health\u0007screening\u0007is\u0007an\u0007important\u0007component\u0007of\u0007health\u0007promotion\u0007programs,\u0007and\u0007coun-tries\u0007have\u0007promoted\u0007general\u0007health\u0007screening\u0007targeting\u0007the\u0007prevention\u0007and\u0007early\u0007man- agement\u0007of\u0007common\u0007chronic\u0007diseases.\u0007In\u0007Korea,\u0007a\u0007General\u0007Health\u0007Screening\u0007Program\u0007 (GHSP)\u0007began\u0007with\u0007workers\u0007in\u0007the\u00071950s\u0007and\u0007continuously\u0007expanded\u0007its\u0007target\u0007popula-tion,\u0007and\u0007currently\u0007includes\u0007the\u0007adult\u0007population.\u0007The\u0007main\u0007target\u0007diseases\u0007are\u0007cerebro-\u0007 and\u0007cardiovascular\u0007diseases,\u0007including\u0007hypertension,\u0007diabetes\u0007mellitus,\u0007dyslipidemia,\u0007 obesity,\u0007and\u0007related\u0007health\u0007behaviors.\u0007Other\u0007target\u0007conditions\u0007include\u0007other\u0007diseases\u0007 (e.g.,\u0007anemia,\u0007liver\u0007disease,\u0007visual/auditory\u0007impairment),\u0007mental\u0007health\u0007(e.g.,\u0007depres-sion),\u0007and\u0007geriatric\u0007disease\u0007and\u0007function\u0007(osteoporosis,\u0007dementia,\u0007risk\u0007of\u0007fall,\u0007etc.).\u0007The\u0007 National\u0007Health\u0007Information\u0007Database,\u0007including\u0007GHSP\u0007information,\u0007is\u0007now\u0007extensively\u0007 used\u0007in\u0007clinical\u0007and\u0007public\u0007health\u0007research.\u0007The\u0007participation\u0007rate\u0007is\u0007currently\u000770%\u0007to\u0007 80%,\u0007but\u0007varies\u0007according\u0007to\u0007age,\u0007disability,\u0007and\u0007the\u0007socioeconomic\u0007status.\u0007There\u0007is\u0007a\u0007 need\u0007for\u0007a\u0007more\u0007systematic\u0007evaluation\u0007of\u0007the\u0007screening\u0007items,\u0007reducing\u0007disparity\u0007gaps\u0007 in\u0007participation,\u0007and\u0007linking\u0007GHSP\u0007to\u0007actual\u0007health\u0007promotion.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2022,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.23838/pfm.2021.00135","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0a27fdf20b8f67dafcf22826c8336dafdf22a8ea","pdf_url":"https://www.pfmjournal.org/upload/pdf/pfm-2021-00135.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":265,"published_at":"","score":73.95},{"id":"ss_0843e26adc5999bde0c6ec7c521b732e80c6267f","title":"LIA in arthroplasty – the history of a single-center observational study leading to implementation in general clinical practice","authors":[{"name":"Henrik Kehlet"}],"abstract":"Background We have developed a multimodal technique for the control of pain following knee and hip surgery, called “local infiltration analgesia” (LIA). It is based on systematic infiltration of a mixture of ropivacaine, ketorolac, and adrenaline into the tissues around the surgical field to achieve satisfactory pain control with little physiological disturbance. The technique allows virtually immediate mobilization and earlier discharge from hospital. Patients and methods In this open, nonrandomized case series, we used LIA to manage postoperative pain in all 325 patients presenting to our service from Jan 1, 2005 to Dec 31, 2006 for elective hip resurfacing (HRA), primary total hip replacement (THR), or primary total knee replacement arthroplasty (TKR). We recorded pain scores, mobilization times, and morphine usage for the entire group. Results Pain control was generally satisfactory (numerical rating scale pain score range 0–3). No morphine was required for postoperative pain control in two-thirds of the patients. Most patients were able to walk with assistance between 5 and 6 h after surgery and independent mobility was achieved 13–22 h after surgery. Orthostatic hypotension, nausea, and vomiting were occasionally associated with standing for the first time, but other side effects were unremarkable. 230 (71%) of the 325 patients were discharged directly home after a single overnight stay in hospital. Interpretation Local infiltration analgesia is simple, practical, safe, and effective for pain management after knee and hip surgery.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1080/17453674.2020.1763563","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0843e26adc5999bde0c6ec7c521b732e80c6267f","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17453674.2020.1763563","is_open_access":true,"citations":311,"published_at":"","score":73.33},{"id":"ss_bf9cd8a961e84a5295c0ace6cf560aa529bbc2c4","title":"General framework for transfer path analysis: History, theory and classification of techniques $","authors":[{"name":"M. V. D. Seijs"},{"name":"D. D. Klerk"},{"name":"D. Rixen"}],"abstract":"Transfer Path Analysis (TPA) designates the family of test-based methodologies to study the transmission of mechanical vibrations. Since the first adaptation of electric network analogies in the field of mechanical engineering a century ago, a multitude of TPA methods have emerged and found their way into industrial development processes. Nowadays the TPA paradigm is largely commercialised into out-of-the-box testing products, making it difficult to articulate the differences and underlying concepts that are paramount to understanding the vibration transmission problem. The aim of this paper is to derive and review a wide repertoire of TPA techniques from their conceptual basics, liberating them from their typical field of application. A selection of historical references is provided to align methodological developments with particular milestones in science. Eleven variants of TPA are derived from a unified framework and classified into three categories, namely classical, component-based and transmissibility-based TPA. Current challenges and practical aspects are discussed and reference is made to related fields of research.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2016,"language":"en","subjects":["Computer Science"],"doi":"10.1016/J.YMSSP.2015.08.004","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bf9cd8a961e84a5295c0ace6cf560aa529bbc2c4","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2015.08.004","is_open_access":true,"citations":303,"published_at":"","score":69.09},{"id":"doaj_10.37653/juah.2025.188309","title":"Statistical Relations of The Agricultural Workforce in the Rural of ‎Ramadi ‎District","authors":[{"name":"Hind Waleed Farhan"},{"name":"Khalid Akbar Abdullah"}],"abstract":"Aims: This current study aimed to analyze the demographic characteristics of ‎the agricultural workforce and demonstrate the impact of these characteristics ‎on agricultural activity in terms of production and diversity. It also aimed to ‎clarify the population distribution of the workforce according to demographic ‎and economic indicators, and finally to evaluate its relationship with ‎agricultural activities. Methodology: A descriptive and analytical approach was ‎adopted, relying on statistical data available from official and field sources. The ‎study also tried to determine the size of the workforce and its geographical, age, ‎educational distribution, and analyze the extent of its contribution to ‎agricultural activity. The correlation coefficient was used to measure the ‎relationship between labor force characteristics and agricultural production ‎indicators in the studied areas. Results: After analyzing all the gathered data, ‎the results showed a positive correlation between the density of the agricultural ‎workforce and the level of agricultural production in most of the studied areas, ‎especially in areas with adequate infrastructure and agricultural services. It also ‎showed that the productive age group of the workforce represents the highest ‎percentage of those employed in this sector, in addition to the concentration of ‎workers with limited education in traditional agricultural activities, which limits ‎the expansion of modern methods. Conclusions: It can be concluded that ‎workforce represents one of the fundamental pillars of agricultural sector ‎development, and that improving its demographic and educational characteristics ‎would contribute to increasing agricultural production efficiency significantly. The ‎study emphasized the importance of supporting agricultural training programs and ‎developing workers' skills in order to achieve optimal use of human resources in this ‎vital sector.‎","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["History of scholarship and learning. The humanities"],"doi":"10.37653/juah.2025.188309","url":"https://juah.uoanbar.edu.iq/article_188309.html","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.1186/s12874-025-02478-5","title":"Construction of the cancer patients’ database based on the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) datasets for cancer epidemiology research","authors":[{"name":"Jinyoung Moon"},{"name":"Yongseok Mun"}],"abstract":"Abstract Background The US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset does not include a specific question or laboratory test to confirm a history of cancer diagnosis. However, if straightforward variables for cancer history are introduced, US NHANES could be effectively utilized in future cancer epidemiology studies. To address this gap, the authors developed a cancer patient database from the US NHANES datasets by employing multiple R programming codes. Methods To illustrate the practical application of this methodology to a real-world problem, the authors extracted the R codes applied in an academic paper published in another journal on January 30th, 2024 ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24337 ). This paper will focus on the construction of the database and analysis using R codes. Entire. Results In the first example, the urine concentration of monocarboxynonyl phthalate, monocarboxyoctyl phthalate, mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate, and mono-2-hydroxy-iso-butyl phthalate (all ng/mL) were used as the independent variable, instead of the serum concentration of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), respectively. In the second example, the serum concentration of 2,3,3’,4,4’-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB105), 2,3,4,4´,5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB114), 2,3’,4,4’,5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB118), and 2,2’,3,4,4’,5’- and 2,3,3’,4,4’,6-Hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB138) were used as the independent variable, instead of the serum concentration of PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, and PFNA, respectively. Discussion This research offers a comprehensive set of R codes aimed at creating a single, user-friendly variable that encapsulates the history of each type of cancer while also considering the age at which the diagnosis was made. The US NHANES provides a wealth of critical data on environmental toxicant exposures. By employing these R codes, researchers can potentially discover numerous new associations between environmental toxicant exposures and cancer diagnoses. Ultimately, these codes could significantly advance the field of cancer epidemiology in relation to environmental toxicant exposure.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Medicine (General)"],"doi":"10.1186/s12874-025-02478-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-025-02478-5","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.1177/21582440251405566","title":"Will the Construction of Smart Cities Increase the Urban-Rural Income Gap? An Analysis Based on the Perspective of Economic Agglomeration","authors":[{"name":"Zhi Zhang"}],"abstract":"As smart city development deepens, its impact on the urban-rural income gap has become a key concern for both the government and society. This article uses panel data from Chinese prefecture-level cities between 2010 and 2022, treating the pilot smart city policy as a quasi-natural experiment, and applying a multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) method to empirically examine how smart city construction affects the urban-rural income gap. It also analyzes the role of economic agglomeration in this process. The research indicates that smart city development has significantly increased the incomes of urban and rural residents and has positively contributed to sharing development benefits between these areas. Mechanism analysis shows that economic agglomeration plays an important mediating and threshold role—smart cities indirectly influence the urban-rural income distribution by fostering economic agglomeration, with this effect showing nonlinear characteristics at different levels of agglomeration. Based on these findings, the article proposes policy recommendations aimed at optimizing economic agglomeration models and advancing urban-rural integrated development, offering theoretical insights and practical strategies for narrowing the income gap and promoting common prosperity.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["History of scholarship and learning. The humanities","Social Sciences"],"doi":"10.1177/21582440251405566","url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251405566","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.56583/fs.2732","title":"Strategie komunikowania buddyjskich związków wyznaniowych w Polsce","authors":[{"name":"Andrzej Kansy"}],"abstract":"\nW artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań na temat strategii komunikowania buddyjskich związków wyznaniowych zarejestrowanych w Polsce. Badanie przeprowadzono metodami analizy treści oraz analizy danych zastanych. Wykorzystano założenia etnografii wirtualnej, która ma na celu poznanie i opisanie zachowań ludzi i zjawisk dostępnych w internecie oraz ich efektów. Stwierdzono m.in., że buddyjskie związki wyznaniowe stosują nowe media do realizacji strategii komunikacji. Są one ukierunkowane na: autoprezentację, budowanie relacji między członkami wspólnoty, propagowanie buddyzmu, aksjologizację. Strony internetowe realizują wymienione strategie, zwłaszcza w zakresie autoprezentacji. Profile w mediach społecznościowych służą głównie budowaniu relacji oraz aksjologizacji. Buddyzm w Polsce nie jest zjawiskiem masowym, ale istotnym dla kultury polskiej. Badania w tym zakresie służą więc budowaniu wzajemnego szacunku w warunkach wielokulturowych społeczeństw.\n","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["History of scholarship and learning. The humanities","Social sciences (General)"],"doi":"10.56583/fs.2732","url":"https://czaz.akademiazamojska.edu.pl/index.php/fs/article/view/2732","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"arxiv_2503.04313","title":"Episodes from the history of infinitesimals","authors":[{"name":"Mikhail G. Katz"}],"abstract":"Infinitesimals have seen ups and downs in their tumultuous history. In the 18th century, d'Alembert set the tone by describing infinitesimals as chimeras. Some adversaries of infinitesimals, including Moigno and Connes, picked up on the term. We highlight the work of Cauchy, Noël, Poisson and Riemann. We also chronicle reactions by Moigno, Lamarle and Cantor, and signal the start of a revival with Peano.","source":"arXiv","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["math.HO"],"doi":"10.1080/26375451.2025.2474811","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.04313","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.04313","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2025-03-06T10:58:17Z","score":69},{"id":"arxiv_2502.06764","title":"History-Guided Video Diffusion","authors":[{"name":"Kiwhan Song"},{"name":"Boyuan Chen"},{"name":"Max Simchowitz"},{"name":"Yilun Du"},{"name":"Russ Tedrake"},{"name":"Vincent Sitzmann"}],"abstract":"Classifier-free guidance (CFG) is a key technique for improving conditional generation in diffusion models, enabling more accurate control while enhancing sample quality. It is natural to extend this technique to video diffusion, which generates video conditioned on a variable number of context frames, collectively referred to as history. However, we find two key challenges to guiding with variable-length history: architectures that only support fixed-size conditioning, and the empirical observation that CFG-style history dropout performs poorly. To address this, we propose the Diffusion Forcing Transformer (DFoT), a video diffusion architecture and theoretically grounded training objective that jointly enable conditioning on a flexible number of history frames. We then introduce History Guidance, a family of guidance methods uniquely enabled by DFoT. We show that its simplest form, vanilla history guidance, already significantly improves video generation quality and temporal consistency. A more advanced method, history guidance across time and frequency further enhances motion dynamics, enables compositional generalization to out-of-distribution history, and can stably roll out extremely long videos. Project website: https://boyuan.space/history-guidance","source":"arXiv","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.LG","cs.CV"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.06764","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2502.06764","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2025-02-10T18:44:25Z","score":69},{"id":"arxiv_2403.06690","title":"From S-matrix theory to strings: Scattering data and the commitment to non-arbitrariness","authors":[{"name":"Robert van Leeuwen"}],"abstract":"The early history of string theory is marked by a shift from strong interaction physics to quantum gravity. The first string models and associated theoretical framework were formulated in the late 1960s and early 1970s in the context of the S-matrix program for the strong interactions. In the mid-1970s, the models were reinterpreted as a potential theory unifying the four fundamental forces. This paper provides a historical analysis of how string theory was developed out of S-matrix physics, aiming to clarify how modern string theory, as a theory detached from experimental data, grew out of an S-matrix program that was strongly dependent upon observable quantities. Surprisingly, the theoretical practice of physicists already turned away from experiment before string theory was recast as a potential unified quantum gravity theory. With the formulation of dual resonance models (the \"hadronic string theory\"), physicists were able to determine almost all of the models' parameters on the basis of theoretical reasoning. It was this commitment to \"non-arbitrariness\", i.e., a lack of free parameters in the theory, that initially drove string theorists away from experimental input, and not the practical inaccessibility of experimental data in the context of quantum gravity physics. This is an important observation when assessing the role of experimental data in string theory.","source":"arXiv","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["physics.hist-ph","gr-qc","hep-ph","hep-th"],"doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2023.12.011","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.06690","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.06690","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2024-03-11T13:05:08Z","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.36317/kaj/2023/v1.i57.12324","title":"رمزية المكان (الطلل) في شعر حسام الدين الحاجري  ","authors":[{"name":"محمد المهداوي "},{"name":"صادق محمد "}],"abstract":"\nتعد الرموز من التقانات المهمة  التي تثير فضول المتلقي وتزيد رغبته في الوصول الى قصد الشاعر ، والكشف عن دلالاتها القارة داخل نتاجه الشعري ، فديناميكية الرمز تكفل ولوج القارئ الى عمق النص ، فعمل القارئ يصبح فضاء لقراءات متعددة ، ذات الدلالة البعيدة عن الواقع المذكور ، إذ ان الرمز المكاني في النص الأدبي أداة فاعلة في كشف الخبايا النصية المفروزة من دلالاته في بعده المعبر عن البوح المكنون في أهواء الشاعر المكبوتة في دواخلها والمنطوية على ذاتها ، لذا فان اختيار هذا الموضوع يعد محاولة لتسليط الضوء على تلك الرموز وبخاصة الطللية منها ، وإظهار أهميتها في شعر حسام الدين الحاجري ، وما دامت الرموز متعلقة بالقارئ أكثر من ارتباطها بالنص ، لذا وجب على القارئ تفكيك تلك الرموز ، فهذا البحث قائم على رصدها والكشف عن مكنوناتها وبخاصة الرموز (الطللية) بوصفها مكانا محملا بأبعاد وايحاءات كثيرة .\n","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["History of scholarship and learning. The humanities","Arts in general","Language and Literature"],"doi":"10.36317/kaj/2023/v1.i57.12324","url":"https://journal.uokufa.edu.iq/index.php/kufa_arts/article/view/12324","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"arxiv_2306.17647","title":"A Brief History of Space VLBI","authors":[{"name":"Leonid I. Gurvits"}],"abstract":"Space Very Long Baseline Interferometry is a radio astronomy technique distinguished by a record-high angular resolution reaching single-digit microseconds of arc. The paper provides a brief account of the history of developments of this technique over the period 1960s-2020s.","source":"arXiv","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["astro-ph.IM"],"doi":"10.1109/HISTELCON56357.2023.10365962","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.17647","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.17647","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2023-06-30T13:34:32Z","score":67},{"id":"arxiv_2311.03428","title":"Note on episodes in the history of modeling measurements in local spacetime regions using QFT","authors":[{"name":"Doreen Fraser"},{"name":"Maria Papageorgiou"}],"abstract":"The formulation of a measurement theory for relativistic quantum field theory (QFT) has recently been an active area of research. In contrast to the asymptotic measurement framework that was enshrined in QED, the new proposals aim to supply a measurement framework for measurements in local spacetime regions. This paper surveys episodes in the history of quantum theory that contemporary researchers have identified as precursors to their own work and discusses how they laid the groundwork for current approaches to local measurement theory for QFT.","source":"arXiv","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["physics.hist-ph","quant-ph"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.03428","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.03428","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2023-11-06T18:22:06Z","score":67},{"id":"arxiv_2310.19528","title":"The history of the General Adjoint Functor Theorem","authors":[{"name":"Hans-E. Porst"}],"abstract":"Not only motivated by the fact that the publication of the GAFT first appeared 60 years ago in print we reconstruct its history and so show that it is no exaggeration to claim that it has appeared already 75 years ago!","source":"arXiv","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["math.CT"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.19528","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2310.19528","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2023-10-30T13:29:02Z","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.1177/21582440221097377","title":"CSR and CEO’s Moral Reasoning in the Automotive Industry in the Era of COVID-19","authors":[{"name":"Beatriz Garcia-Ortega"},{"name":"Javier Galan-Cubillo"},{"name":"Blanca de-Miguel-Molina"}],"abstract":"This paper assesses whether and to which extent the COVID-19 pandemic, which represents a scenario of high moral intensity, is influencing the moral reasoning of top CEOs (chief executive officers) in the paradigmatic case of the automotive industry and how this moral reasoning relates to their CSR response to the crisis and their CSR plans in the long run. To this end, we took the CEO letters before and after the pandemic outbreak of the top 15 automotive companies, and applied Weber’s method to conduct a moral reasoning categorization, along with an examination of their CSR approach and initiatives. The results show a predominant moral paralysis among these CEOs, where positive reactions addressed are philanthropic in nature and more likely to be a transient response to the crisis, rather than a sustained long-term improvement of their CSR rooted in a significant moral approach enhancement. Furthermore, CEOs at the lowest stages of moral reasoning, primarily focused on their own business and immediate stakeholders, are less likely to highlight these philanthropic initiatives. The outcome evidences the convenience of addressing CSR from the lens of moral reasoning, and it further draws the attention of the scientific community, companies and their top management, stakeholders, and society to the relevance of investigating and considering the moral reasoning of top management in large corporations and its implications.","source":"DOAJ","year":2022,"language":"","subjects":["History of scholarship and learning. The humanities","Social Sciences"],"doi":"10.1177/21582440221097377","url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221097377","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66}],"total":14610057,"page":1,"page_size":20,"sources":["CrossRef","DOAJ","Semantic Scholar","arXiv"],"query":"History (General)"}