{"results":[{"id":"ss_019ecee430c55584338fdb9f94f6791d7aaa2a5f","title":"Smart production planning and control in the Industry 4.0 context: A systematic literature review","authors":[{"name":"Adauto Bueno"},{"name":"Moacir Godinho Filho"},{"name":"A. Frank"}],"abstract":"Abstract Scholars and practitioners have considered Industry 4.0 a comprehensive set of emerging technologies that establish a new industrial perspective based on the “Internet of Things”. As smart manufacturing is at the core of the Industry 4.0 concept, production planning and control (PPC) should play a key role in Industry 4.0 activities. Prior research has mainly focused on technological issues of Industry 4.0, while little is known about how PPC is influenced by digital capabilities and how it operates in this new context. We conduct a systematic literature review to develop an analytical framework that explains how PPC in the Industry 4.0 context is influenced by smart capabilities from five base technologies (Internet of Things, Cyber-Physical Systems, Big Data and Analytics/Artificial Intelligence, and Additive Manufacturing), and how this is related to manufacturing system performance indicators, and environmental factors. The review includes studies from 2011 (when the Industry 4.0 concept was coined) to October 2019. Our findings provide a complete list of 18 smart capabilities (e.g., real-time capabilities, adaptability and dynamicity, visibility and traceability, autonomy, smart scheduling, PPC-as-a-service); 13 performance indicators (e.g., manufacturing flexibility, agility, reliability); and environmental factor conditions (e.g., product, demand, and manufacturing process). We also propose a future agenda with 10 research directions for PPC's study in the Industry 4.0 context.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":["Computer Science"],"doi":"10.1016/j.cie.2020.106774","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/019ecee430c55584338fdb9f94f6791d7aaa2a5f","is_open_access":true,"citations":229,"published_at":"","score":70.87},{"id":"doaj_Le+formule+magiche+medio+inglesi+del+XV+secolo+tra+convenzionalit%C3%A0+e+innovazione","title":"Le formule magiche medio inglesi del XV secolo tra convenzionalità e innovazione","authors":[{"name":"Donata Bulotta"}],"abstract":"\nThe precariousness of the health situation in England from the 14th century onwards led to the use of any curative means, whether scientific, religious or ritual-magical. In this context, healing charms were seen as accessible and practicable methods. They were often added to medical prescriptions and herbal remedies in medical or pseudo-pharmacological compilations, as they were considered an alternative form of therapy equally valid in the treatment of ailments. Many charms created during this period were a mixture of magic, religion and folklore, but some received new cultural stimulus, by incorporating original elements and symbolism from Arabic, Greek and Hebrew magical texts introduced to the island. This work will focus on a selection of 15th century healing charms. The analysis aims to demonstrate that the principles of the new occult and esoteric doctrines, circulating in the intellectual and cultural centers of the island, influenced the magical healing ritual. The study of pseudo-Solomonic texts, although strongly censored by the Church, however contributed to the creation of new textual amulets, which were used in addition to the pre-existing charms so becoming a further alternative medium in the therapeutic procedure.\n","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["German literature","Philology. Linguistics"],"url":"https://www.ledijournals.com/ojs/index.php/filologiagermanica/article/view/2771","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/h14120234","title":"A Scandal Averted: Bettina von Arnim’s Open-Letter Novel \u003ci\u003eDies Buch gehört dem König\u003c/i\u003e (1843)","authors":[{"name":"Nursan Celik"}],"abstract":"\u003ci\u003eDies Buch gehört dem König\u003c/i\u003e (\u003ci\u003eThis Book Belongs to the King\u003c/i\u003e), written and published in 1843 by the German Romantic author Bettina von Arnim, is a quasi-open letter, presented as a series of fictional dialogues with traces of a novel. Dedicated to the newly crowned King of Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm IV, the letter unfolds social grievances and aims to persuade Friedrich Wilhelm to act like a just king. Due to its delicate socio-critical impetus, the letter does so through strategies of obfuscation and by using a richly pictorial, seemingly naive and lavish way of speech rather than taking an openly reproachful stance. Crucially, von Arnim does not install herself as the letter’s speaker but instead fictionalizes the letter and presents Goethe’s mother, Catharina Elisabeth Goethe, as the letter’s primary voice (‘Frau Rat’). By using a well-respected figure of the ruling class as the letter’s main voice, von Arnim aimed at minimizing its scandalous potential. But even prior to publishing the letter, von Arnim had already managed to trick Friedrich Wilhelm and the Prussian censors herself: by fusing the book’s title and dedication, she paratextually outwitted both the censors and the King, whose permission she sought precisely to bypass Prussian censorship. This article shows how von Arnim managed to avoid a larger scandal both textually by implementing semi-fictional devices and paratextually by presenting the letter as an affirmation of Friedrich Wilhelm IV and his policies.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["History of scholarship and learning. The humanities"],"doi":"10.3390/h14120234","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0787/14/12/234","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"ss_298e8d89898b5f24279b87133d7a83a5557cba64","title":"How entrepreneurial is German Generation Z vs. Generation Y? A Literature Review","authors":[{"name":"C. Dreyer"},{"name":"Hana Stojanová"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2022,"language":"en","subjects":["Computer Science"],"doi":"10.1016/j.procs.2022.12.211","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/298e8d89898b5f24279b87133d7a83a5557cba64","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.12.211","is_open_access":true,"citations":44,"published_at":"","score":67.32},{"id":"doaj_10.29138/ijebd.v6i2.2159","title":"Comparative Study of The Sustainability Transport Systems","authors":[{"name":"Jenny Jenny"},{"name":"Andri Irfan Rifai"},{"name":"Susanty Handayani"}],"abstract":"\nPurpose: Compare of the sustainability transportation systems between Indonesia and Germany. Learning implements some lessons learned from the German experience to the development of transportation planning in Indonesia to support sustainable land use and transportation by comparing and analyzing the probability of converting and adopting reducing private transportation, landscape, financing mechanisms, and transport mechanism between Germany and Indonesia.\n\r\n\nDesign/methodology/approach: Analyzing obtained data based on the comparison's parameters framework.\n\r\n\nFindings: Potentially, a parameter that can be set to develop a better transportation system for environmental and people safety, or even to reduce the congestion that occurs in most of Indonesia's metropolitan areas.\n\r\n\nResearch limitations/implications: Since the study location is in fact somewhat distant, the information that is gathered to analyze the comparison is only chosen from each country's broad outline and is not otherwise specified.\n\r\n\nPractical implications: Finding solution for a better sustainable transportation in Indonesia that can be implemented.\n\r\n\nOriginality/value: The analytical framework that is implemented in this comparative study is a methodically innovative approach form of developing an Innovative Transport System that is to aim a better use of transport network.\n\r\n\nPaper type: Literature Review\n","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Business"],"doi":"10.29138/ijebd.v6i2.2159","url":"https://jurnal.narotama.ac.id/index.php/ijebd/article/view/2159","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.18716/ojs/midu/2023.1.9","title":"Deutschlehrkräfte und ihre Vertrautheit mit, Nutzung von und Einstellung zu digitalen Medien während und vor der Corona-Pandemie in Deutschland","authors":[{"name":"Volker Frederking"}],"abstract":"\nIn dem Beitrag werden Ergebnisse aus zwei Studien vorgestellt, in denen Deutschlehrkräfte und ihre Vertrautheit mit, ihre Nutzung von und ihre Einstellung zu digitalen Medien untersucht worden sind. In der eigenfinanzierten DIDID-Studie („Digitales Distanzlernen im Deutschunterricht während der Corona-Pandemie“), an der von November 2020 bis März 2021 auf Basis eines Online-Fragebogens 1981 Deutschlehrkräfte teilgenommen haben, sind Daten zu digitalen Kompetenz-, Einstellungs- und Nutzungsmustern von Deutschlehrkräften in Bezug auf digitale Medien während der Corona-Pandemie gewonnen worden. In der von der DFG 2021/22 geförderten GETDIME-Studie (“Effects of the Covid Pandemic on German Language and Literature Teachers and their Familiarity with, Use of and Views on Digital Media”) wurden auf Basis unveröffentlichter Daten in der ICILS-Studie 2018 digitale Kompetenz-, Einstellungs- und Nutzungsmuster von Deutschlehrkräften vor der Corona-Pandemie untersucht. Die Extrapolation von Grundprofilen der Deutschlehrkräfte in DIDID und ICILS ermöglichte einen unmittelbaren Vergleich. Dieser lässt eine leichte Progression der in DIDID untersuchten Deutschlehrkräfte in ihrer Vertrautheit mit, Nutzung von und Einstellung zu digitalen Medien während der Corona-Pandemie gegenüber den in ICILS 2018 teilnehmenden Deutschlehrkräften vor der Pandemie erkennbar werden. Dabei zeigt sich ein deutlich erhöhtes Fortbildungsinteresse und ein klarer konturierter Fortbildungsbedarf.\n\r\n\n \n\r\n\nAbstract (english): German teachers and their familiarity with, use of, and attitutes toward digital media during and before the Corona pandemic in Germany. Finding from two studies. \n\r\n\nThis paper presents results from two studies that investigated German teachers and their familiarity with, use of, and attitudes towards digital media. In the self-funded DIDID study („Digital Distance Learning in the German Classroom during the Corona Pandemic“), in which 1981 German teachers participated from November 2020 to March 2021 on the basis of an online questionnaire, data on digital competence, attitude and usage patterns of German teachers with regard to digital media during the Corona Pandemic were obtained. In the GETDIME study („Effects of the Covid Pandemic on German Language and Literature Teachers and their Familiarity with, Use of and Views on Digital Media“), funded by the DFG 2021/22, digital competence, attitude and usage patterns of German teachers prior to the Corona Pandemic were investigated on the basis of unpublished data in the ICILS study of 2018. The extrapolation of basic profiles of German teachers in DIDID and ICILS enabled a direct comparison. This reveals a slight progression of the German teachers studied in DIDID in their familiarity with, use of and attitude towards digital media during the Corona pandemic in comparison with the German teachers participating in ICILS 2018 before the pandemic. This reveals a clearly increased interest in further training and a clearly contoured need for further training.\n","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Education","Communication. Mass media","Germanic languages. Scandinavian languages"],"doi":"10.18716/ojs/midu/2023.1.9","url":"https://journals.ub.uni-koeln.de/index.php/midu/article/view/1920","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.3389/frsen.2021.808287","title":"Validation of Sentinel-2 (MSI) and Sentinel-3 (OLCI) Water Quality Products in Turbid Estuaries Using Fixed Monitoring Stations","authors":[{"name":"Mhd. Suhyb Salama"},{"name":"Lazaros Spaias"},{"name":"Kathrin Poser"},{"name":"Steef Peters"},{"name":"Marnix Laanen"}],"abstract":"It is common in estuarine waters to place fixed monitoring stations, with the advantages of easy maintenance and continuous measurements. These two features make fixed monitoring stations indispensable for understanding the optical complexity of estuarine waters and enable an improved quantification of uncertainties in satellite-derived water quality variables. However, comparing the point-scale measurements of stationary monitoring systems to time-snapshots of satellite pixels suffers from additional uncertainties related to temporal/spatial discrepancies. This research presents a method for validating satellite-derived water quality variables with the continuous measurements of a fixed monitoring station in the Ems Dollard estuary on the Dutch-German borders. The method has two steps; first, similar in-situ measurements are grouped. Second, satellite observations are upscaled to match these point measurements in time and spatial scales. The upscaling approach was based on harmonizing the probability distribution functions of satellite observations and in-situ measurements using the first and second moments. The fixed station provided a continuous record of data on suspended particulate matter (SPM) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations at 1 min intervals for 1 year (2016–2017). Satellite observations were provided by Sentinel-2 (MultiSpectral Instrument, S2-MSI) and Sentinel-3 (Ocean and Land Color Instrument, S3-OLCI) sensors for the same location and time of in-situ measurements. Compared to traditional validation procedures, the proposed method has improved the overall fit and produced valuable information on the ranges of goodness-of-fit measures (slope, intercept, correlation coefficient, and normalized root-mean-square deviation). The correlation coefficient between measured and derived SPM concentrations has improved from 0.16 to 0.52 for S2-MSI and 0.14 to 0.84 for S3-OLCI. For the Chl-a matchup, the improvement was from 0.26 to 0.82 and from 0.14 to 0.63 for S2-MSI and S3-OLCI, respectively. The uncertainty in the derived SPM and Chl-a concentrations was reduced by 30 and 23% for S2-SMI and by 28 and 16% for S3-OLCI. The high correlation and reduced uncertainty signify that the matchup pairs are observing the same fluctuations in the measured variable. These new goodness-of-fit measures correspond to the results of the performed sensitivity analysis, previous literature, and reflect the inherent accuracy of the applied derivation model.","source":"DOAJ","year":2022,"language":"","subjects":["Geophysics. Cosmic physics","Meteorology. Climatology"],"doi":"10.3389/frsen.2021.808287","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsen.2021.808287/full","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66},{"id":"ss_931bbed9678591041430bfad9b3d5912b89966e2","title":"Evaluation Principles' Influence of Critical Thinking Foreign Language Teaching on German Literature Classroom Learning Motivation","authors":[{"name":"Wei Wang"}],"abstract":"The basis of critical thinking foreign language teaching is to regard language as a means to develop higher-order thinking ability. In language teaching, it aims to develop the thinking ability of learners, and to use the language-learning concept of thinking ability in situations beyond language classrooms. It contains a series of principles that reflect this view of language and language teaching, which can be used to support various classroom-operating procedures. Studies have summarized the principles of critical thinking foreign language teaching into 8 items: target, evaluate, routinize, reflect, inquire, fulfill, integrate, and content. This study takes the literature course that requires the highest critical thinking ability in the teaching of German major in universities as an example, and investigates the influence of the most easily neglected evaluation principle on students' learning motivation through quantitative experiments.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["Psychology"],"doi":"10.33788/rcis.73.6","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/931bbed9678591041430bfad9b3d5912b89966e2","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.33788/rcis.73.6","is_open_access":true,"citations":16,"published_at":"","score":65.47999999999999},{"id":"ss_7233c8f4736eba56769df693894244eb615a5933","title":"An Institutional Perspective on Genres: Generic Subtitles in German Literature from 1500-2020","authors":[{"name":"Benjamin Gittel"}],"abstract":"Using a custom-designed database of 388,000 first editions of German Literature this paper investigates the long-term development of genre-indicating subtitles over more than 500 years of literary history. This approach adds a social-institutional perspective to recent work in the field of genre theory, and is a first step towards combining historical testimony, i.e. historical actors’ classifications, and textual features in a single model. Starting from the fundamental question of how many books have generic subtitles, the paper analyses the use of the most common genre labels, the relation between generic subtitles and genre production, periods of the permanent presence of generic terms (institutional cycles) and periods of generic differentiation. It identifies recurrent patterns in the development of generic subtitles using K-Means-Clustering and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) and sheds light on literature’s changing relation to history and truth, thereby underpinning recent theoretical work on the practices of poetic invention.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["History"],"doi":"10.22148/001C.22086","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7233c8f4736eba56769df693894244eb615a5933","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.22148/001c.22086","is_open_access":true,"citations":5,"published_at":"","score":65.15},{"id":"doaj_Georgian+Cultural-Intellectual+and+National+Islands+beyond+Ideological+Frontiers","title":"Georgian Cultural-Intellectual and National Islands beyond Ideological Frontiers","authors":[{"name":"Ketevan GIGASHVILI"},{"name":"Mzia GIGASHVILI"}],"abstract":"This paper examines the Georgian migrant press, which emerged as a result of the flight\r\nof Georgian intellectuals from the Soviet Communist regime. It reviews publications\r\nsuch as Chveni Drosha (Our Flag), Tavisuphali Sakartvelo (Free Georgia), Bedi\r\nKartlisa (Destiny of Kartli) and others, which became cultural-intellectual and\r\nnational islands beyond ideological frontiers. After the occupation of Georgia, the efforts\r\nof emigrants focused on generating an information war against the Soviet occupation.\r\nThe emigrants living in Paris were especially active in this regard. The newspapers and\r\nmagazines were mainly issued in Georgian, but also in English, French, and German.\r\nSpecial attention is paid to the historical, literary and scientific journal Bedi\r\nKartlisa (Revue de Kartvélologie), founded in Paris, in 1948, by Nino Salia. The\r\njournal brought together Kartvelologists living abroad, and played an important role\r\nin promoting Georgian history, literature, science, and culture. In this magazine,\r\nGeorgian and foreign journalists, prominent writers and scientists worked together.\r\nThe study aims to examine the pathos and the main topics of the emigrant press, based\r\non the analysis of a large number of magazines and personal archives of Georgian\r\nemigrants. Their role in keeping the Georgian national soul alive abroad, disclosing the\r\nregime, introducing the Georgian intellectual and spiritual culture to the Europeans\r\nand transferring European ideas to Georgia are among the most relevant findings. The\r\nrole of these magazines is invaluable not only in the history of Georgian journalism,\r\nbut also in the history of the Georgian national struggle.","source":"DOAJ","year":2021,"language":"","subjects":["Philology. Linguistics","Literature (General)"],"url":"https://b00e8ea91c.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/4fb470e8cbb34a32a0dc1701f8d7322d/200000405-7973679738/71-83%20Gigashvili.pdf","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65},{"id":"doaj_10.26650/sdsl2021-871818","title":"The Nibelungenlieds Margrave Rüdiger von Bechelaren  and the Thidrekssagas Rodingeir von Bakkalar. Portrait, Comparison and Adaptation Courtoise","authors":[{"name":"Martha Christine Süß"}],"abstract":"The Nibelungenlied and the Thidrekssaga are two actualizations of the same plot, yet they show a number of differences. By outlining the portrait of the protagonist the Nibelungenlied calls Margrave Rüdiger von Bechelaren and the Thidrekssaga calls Rodingeir von Bakkalar, while reviewing pre-existing literature on the subject, the article at hand demonstrates the figure’s vast differences. In doing so, the article demonstrates that in the Nibelungenlied, an adaptation courtoise (Höfisierung) is achieved through various characteristics of the Margrave, such as the use of a specific narration mode, the employment of the Topos locus amoenus, and the contrasting reflection of Christian and worldly lifestyles and their values. The Nibelungenlied can even be classified as a helferzentrierte Brautwerbungsdichtung (a piece of helper-focused courtship poetry) because of the Brautwerbungsschema (courting scheme) used by Rüdiger to find a wife for his feudal lord Etzel. The Margrave does not pose as a main protagonist, overall, he is still of high importance to the Nibelungenlied. These courtoise elements are absent in the Thidrekssaga. While Rüdiger appears as a model-knight in the Nibelungenlied, his counterpart, Rodingeir, in the Thidrekssaga plays a strictly functional role in advancing the plot. In the Nibelungenlied, the protagonists status as a model-knight culminates in the well-known vasallity conflict, in which a hierarchization of types of vassal obligations only seemingly settles the conflict. Moreover, through this dilemma, the non-literary conflict of Christian and worldly lifestyles is negotiated. The article at hand demonstrates that Rüdiger von Bechelaren’s character is integral to the meaning and structure of the Nibelungenlied and determines the genre, while Rodingeir von Bakkalar is only employed marginally and functionally.","source":"DOAJ","year":2021,"language":"","subjects":["German literature","Germanic languages. Scandinavian languages"],"doi":"10.26650/sdsl2021-871818","url":"https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/58A6987F10D54B92A26A807A9F675796","pdf_url":"https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/58A6987F10D54B92A26A807A9F675796","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65},{"id":"doaj_10.3389/ijph.2021.1603993","title":"Professional Characteristics of Health Promotion: A Scoping Review of the German and International Literature","authors":[{"name":"Verena Biehl"},{"name":"Verena Biehl"},{"name":"Thomas Gerlinger"},{"name":"Frank Wieber"},{"name":"Frank Wieber"}],"abstract":"Objective: This scoping review investigates current developments in the professional characteristics of health promotion (HP) with a focus on the German speaking part of Europe. The conceptualization of HP is a prerequisite for progressing HP professionalization and clarifying the interconnectedness between HP and Public Health.Methods: The search strategy was informed by sociological professionalization theories. Original publications were included in a content-based analysis.Results: Ninety publications (37 original publications) were identified in the review. The results are summarized in categories based on professional characteristics: 1) profession, 2) ethics, 3) education/training 4) competencies, and 5) quality. The professionalization of HP regarding the professional characteristics is less developed in the German compared to the international literature.Conclusion: The mixed findings emphasize the relevance of a common HP conceptualization. The HP core competencies, which have been developed by the International Union for Health Promotion and Education must be further promoted. A strong HP workforce within Public Health strengthens the HP status in policy contexts and society and its contribution to promoting health and tackling social inequalities in health.","source":"DOAJ","year":2021,"language":"","subjects":["Public aspects of medicine"],"doi":"10.3389/ijph.2021.1603993","url":"https://www.ssph-journal.org/articles/10.3389/ijph.2021.1603993/full","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65},{"id":"crossref_10.3998/absinthe.1760","title":"Preface: Through German: Contemporary Literature in Translation","authors":[{"name":"Absinthe Complit"}],"abstract":"","source":"CrossRef","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.3998/absinthe.1760","url":"https://doi.org/10.3998/absinthe.1760","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65},{"id":"ss_198224b8263b408843d6f482938294dfc7a674cd","title":"German Literature under National Socialism","authors":[{"name":"J. M. Ritchie"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":["Political Science","History"],"doi":"10.2307/40140038","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/198224b8263b408843d6f482938294dfc7a674cd","is_open_access":true,"citations":14,"published_at":"","score":64.42},{"id":"doaj_10.34866/wtev-3x73","title":"We’re not playing against each other. We play together in pursuit of the same goal (…)” – Apprenticeship and works councils in SME in Germany","authors":[{"name":"Klaus Berger "},{"name":"Christiane Eberhardt"}],"abstract":"805,800 persons were recoded as being interested in entering training in Germany in\r\n2017. Of these, just under 65 percent progressed to vocational education and training (VET) within the dual system. A total of two thirds of those in employment in Germany have completed dual VET  (Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training 2018). The fact that more than half of school leavers opt for vocational education and training as part of their educational pathway (Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training 2015) is also a consequence of the high (average) quality of training and of the resultant good prospects of employment. Soskice (1994) argues that one of the important prerequisites for the high level of training quality is the cooperation that takes place between the competent bodies (mostly chambers of crafts, chambers of commerce and industry) on the one side and the works councils and trade unions on the other. This context is widely taken as a given within the relevant literature, especially in the case of the works councils, which are accorded extensive information and participation rights for the purpose of securing quality of training at the company within the scope of the German Labour Management Relations Act (§§ 96–98 Labour Management Relations Act / Betriebsverfassungsgesetz, BetrVG). However, what are the determining factors for a high quality of apprenticeship training? The focuses of this paper are the issue of the understanding of apprenticeship training quality developed by works\r\ncouncils at small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and the way they contribute at company level with regard to apprenticeship training matters.","source":"DOAJ","year":2020,"language":"","subjects":["Education (General)"],"doi":"10.34866/wtev-3x73","url":"https://edukacjaustawicznadoroslych.eu/images/2020/4/01_4_2020.pdf","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":64},{"id":"doaj_10.1097/PR9.0000000000000840","title":"Long-term opioid therapy for chronic noncancer pain: second update of the German guidelines","authors":[{"name":"Frank Petzke"},{"name":"Frietjof Bock"},{"name":"Michael Hüppe"},{"name":"Monika Nothacker"},{"name":"Heike Norda"},{"name":"Lukas Radbruch"},{"name":"Marcus Schiltenwolf"},{"name":"Matthias Schuler"},{"name":"Thomas Tölle"},{"name":"Anika Viniol"},{"name":"Winfried Häuser"}],"abstract":"Introduction:. The opioid epidemic in North America challenges national guidelines worldwide to define the importance of opioids for the management of chronic noncancer pain (CNCP).\nMethods:. The second update of the German guidelines on long-term opioid therapy for CNCP was developed by 26 scientific associations and 2 patient self-help organizations. A systematic literature search in CENTRAL, Medline, and Scopus (to May 2019) was performed. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials and open-label extension studies with opioids for CNCP were conducted. Levels of evidence were assigned according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine classification system. The formulation and strength of recommendations were established by multistep formalized procedures to reach a consensus according to German Association of the Medical Scientific Societies regulations. The guidelines underwent external review by 4 experts and public commentary.\nResults:. Opioids are one drug-based treatment option for short- (4–12 weeks), intermediate- (13–26 weeks), and long-term (\u003e26 weeks) therapy of chronic pain in osteoarthritis, diabetic polyneuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, and low back pain. Contraindications are primary headaches, functional somatic syndromes, and mental disorders with the (cardinal) symptom of pain. For specified other clinical pain conditions, short- and long-term therapy with opioids should be evaluated on an individual basis. Long-term therapy with opioids is associated with relevant risks.\nConclusion:. Responsible application of opioids requires consideration of possible indications and contraindications, as well as regular assessment of clinical response and adverse effects. Neither uncritical opioid prescription nor general rejection of opioids is justified in patients with CNCP.","source":"DOAJ","year":2020,"language":"","subjects":["Anesthesiology"],"doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000000840","url":"http://journals.lww.com/painrpts/fulltext/10.1097/PR9.0000000000000840","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":64},{"id":"ss_5d2925cbaf6a0d3f331244be5f9fbd3e12347490","title":"German Literature","authors":null,"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.5040/9781350120976.ch-021","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5d2925cbaf6a0d3f331244be5f9fbd3e12347490","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":64},{"id":"ss_7d412dea7c13bd3d37f2cd98482f91375b2dff1e","title":"Masculinity and Prostitution in Late Medieval German Literature","authors":[{"name":"Jamie Page"}],"abstract":"How did prostitution shape masculinity in the late Middle Ages? Although scholars have recently begun to pay more attention to the complex connections between sex, gender, and civic culture in the period, the relationship between prostitution and masculinity remains largely unexplored. This is perhaps surprising, not least because prostitution came to assume a central role in the regulation of the sexual and social order of urban life across much of late medieval Europe. Traditionally seen within urban history as a marginal figure whose dress, freedom of movement","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2019,"language":"en","subjects":["History"],"doi":"10.1086/703557","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7d412dea7c13bd3d37f2cd98482f91375b2dff1e","is_open_access":true,"citations":30,"published_at":"","score":63.9},{"id":"ss_9b70b700d9b60dba9fe1fca0f195fbb9678188fb","title":"Lost in translation: the German literature on freshwater salinization","authors":[{"name":"C. Schulz"},{"name":"M. Cañedo‐Argüelles"}],"abstract":"Human activities have globally increased and altered the ion concentration of freshwater ecosystems. The proliferation of potash mines in Germany (especially intense in the early 1900s) constitutes a good example of it. The effluents and runoff coming from potash mines led to extreme salt concentrations (e.g. 72 g l–1 of total salt content, approx. 149 mS cm–1) in surrounding rivers and streams, causing ecosystem degradation (e.g. massive algal blooms and fish kills). This promoted scientific research that was mostly published in German, thereby being neglected by the wide scientific community. Here, the findings of the German literature on freshwater salinization are discussed in the light of current knowledge. German studies revealed that at similar ion concentrations potassium (K+) can be the most toxic ion to freshwater organisms, whereas calcium (Ca2+) could have a toxicity ameliorating effect. Also, they showed that salinization could lead to biodiversity loss, major shifts in the composition of aquatic communities (e.g. dominance of salt-tolerant algae, proliferation of invasive species) and alter organic matter processing. The biological degradation caused by freshwater salinization related to potash mining has important management implications, e.g. it could prevent many European rivers and streams from reaching the good ecological status demanded by the Water Framework Directive. Within this context, German publications show several examples of salinity thresholds and biological indices that could be useful to monitor and regulate salinization (i.e. developing legally enforced salinity and ion-specific standards). They also provide potential management techniques (i.e. brine collection and disposal) and some estimates of the economic costs of freshwater salinization. Overall, the German literature on freshwater salinization provides internationally relevant information that has rarely been cited by the English literature. We suggest that the global editorial and scientific community should take action to make important findings published in non-English literature more widely available. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects’.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2018,"language":"en","subjects":["Geography","Medicine"],"doi":"10.1098/rstb.2018.0007","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9b70b700d9b60dba9fe1fca0f195fbb9678188fb","pdf_url":"https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2018.0007","is_open_access":true,"citations":51,"published_at":"","score":63.53},{"id":"doaj_10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01604","title":"A Language Index of Grammatical Gender Dimensions to Study the Impact of Grammatical Gender on the Way We Perceive Women and Men","authors":[{"name":"Pascal Mark Gygax"},{"name":"Daniel Elmiger"},{"name":"Sandrine Zufferey"},{"name":"Alan Garnham"},{"name":"Sabine Sczesny"},{"name":"Lisa von Stockhausen"},{"name":"Friederike Braun"},{"name":"Jane Oakhill"}],"abstract":"Psycholinguistic investigations of the way readers and speakers perceive gender have shown several biases associated with how gender is linguistically realized in language. Although such variations across languages offer interesting grounds for legitimate cross-linguistic comparisons, pertinent characteristics of grammatical systems – especially in terms of their gender asymmetries – have to be clearly identified. In this paper, we present a language index for researchers interested in the effect of grammatical gender on the mental representations of women and men. Our index is based on five main language groups (i.e., grammatical gender languages, languages with a combination of grammatical gender and natural gender, natural gender languages, genderless languages with few traces of grammatical gender and genderless languages) and three sets of specific features (morphology, masculine-male generics and asymmetries). Our index goes beyond existing ones in that it provides specific dimensions relevant to those interested in psychological and sociological impacts of language on the way we perceive women and men. We also offer a critical discussion of any endeavor to classify languages according to grammatical gender.","source":"DOAJ","year":2019,"language":"","subjects":["Psychology"],"doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01604","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01604/full","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":63}],"total":8493028,"page":1,"page_size":20,"sources":["DOAJ","CrossRef","Semantic Scholar"],"query":"German literature"}