{"results":[{"id":"doaj_10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1716543","title":"An exploratory study of topic-specific variation in epistemic beliefs among psychology students","authors":[{"name":"Lynn Adam"},{"name":"Machteld Vandecandelaere"}],"abstract":"BackgroundHow individuals conceive knowledge and knowing plays a crucial role in psychology education. While often examined at the domain level, the Theory of Integrated Domains in Epistemology (TIDE) suggests that epistemic beliefs may also vary at the level of specific topics.MethodsWe investigated whether epistemic beliefs of psychology students differ depending on the topic under consideration and tested the hypothesis that beliefs would cluster by subdisciplinary proximity (i.e., clinical vs. cognitive topics). Using the Epistemic Thinking Assessment (ETA), we implemented three scenarios addressing depression, schizophrenia, and language acquisition. A counterbalanced repeated-measures design was used with 480 first-year psychology students. Multilevel modeling was applied to distinguish topic effects from sequence effects.ResultsResults indicated significant variation in epistemic beliefs across topics, leading to the rejection of the subdisciplinary hypothesis. Students scored significantly higher on absolutism and lower on evaluativism when reasoning about schizophrenia compared to depression and language acquisition. Thus, the two clinical topics did not elicit similar profiles.ConclusionFindings confirm that epistemic beliefs are topic-specific within psychology and are driven by topic characteristics (e.g., perceived biological certainty) rather than disciplinary labels. These results highlight the need for granular, topic-specific approaches in epistemological assessments and critical thinking instruction.","source":"DOAJ","year":2026,"language":"","subjects":["Psychology"],"doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1716543","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1716543/full","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":70},{"id":"ss_ffed61bf761074a469375fcb825c40171364f16a","title":"Leon Chwistek's discussion of Leonard Nelson's proof of the impossibility of the theory of knowledge.","authors":[{"name":"T. Kubalica"}],"abstract":"The article discusses Leon Chwistek's analysis of Nelson's argumentation in light of the theory of the multiplicity of realities and the theory of orders (types). Drawing on these frameworks, Chwistek engages with Nelson's proof of the impossibility of the theory of knowledge (epistemology) grounded in the criterion of truth and argues that the solution to the paradox lies in distinguishing between particular orders (types) of cognition. In conclusion, it should be noted that Chwistek's counterargument does not eliminate regress into infinity but instead assumes that it is inherent in the process of knowledge, since knowledge itself is an infinite process.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2025.102110","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ffed61bf761074a469375fcb825c40171364f16a","is_open_access":true,"citations":1,"published_at":"","score":69.03},{"id":"arxiv_2506.16015","title":"Bayesian Epistemology with Weighted Authority: A Formal Architecture for Truth-Promoting Autonomous Scientific Reasoning","authors":[{"name":"Craig S. Wright"}],"abstract":"The exponential expansion of scientific literature has surpassed the epistemic processing capabilities of both human experts and current artificial intelligence systems. This paper introduces Bayesian Epistemology with Weighted Authority (BEWA), a formally structured architecture that operationalises belief as a dynamic, probabilistically coherent function over structured scientific claims. Each claim is contextualised, author-attributed, and evaluated through a system of replication scores, citation weighting, and temporal decay. Belief updates are performed via evidence-conditioned Bayesian inference, contradiction processing, and epistemic decay mechanisms. The architecture supports graph-based claim propagation, authorial credibility modelling, cryptographic anchoring, and zero-knowledge audit verification. By formalising scientific reasoning into a computationally verifiable epistemic network, BEWA advances the foundation for machine reasoning systems that promote truth utility, rational belief convergence, and audit-resilient integrity across dynamic scientific domains.","source":"arXiv","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.AI","cs.CL","cs.DB","cs.LO","math.LO"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.16015","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.16015","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2025-06-19T04:22:35Z","score":69},{"id":"arxiv_2502.20988","title":"Reviewing Clinical Knowledge in Medical Large Language Models: Training and Beyond","authors":[{"name":"Qiyuan Li"},{"name":"Haijiang Liu"},{"name":"Caicai Guo"},{"name":"Chao Gao"},{"name":"Deyu Chen"},{"name":"Meng Wang"},{"name":"Feng Gao"},{"name":"Frank van Harmelen"},{"name":"Jinguang Gu"}],"abstract":"The large-scale development of large language models (LLMs) in medical contexts, such as diagnostic assistance and treatment recommendations, necessitates that these models possess accurate medical knowledge and deliver traceable decision-making processes. Clinical knowledge, encompassing the insights gained from research on the causes, prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases, has been extensively examined within real-world medical practices. Recently, there has been a notable increase in research efforts aimed at integrating this type of knowledge into LLMs, encompassing not only traditional text and multimodal data integration but also technologies such as knowledge graphs (KGs) and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). In this paper, we review the various initiatives to embed clinical knowledge into training-based, KG-supported, and RAG-assisted LLMs. We begin by gathering reliable knowledge sources from the medical domain, including databases and datasets. Next, we evaluate implementations for integrating clinical knowledge through specialized datasets and collaborations with external knowledge sources such as KGs and relevant documentation. Furthermore, we discuss the applications of the developed medical LLMs in the industrial sector to assess the disparity between models developed in academic settings and those in industry. We conclude the survey by presenting evaluation systems applicable to relevant tasks and identifying potential challenges facing this field. In this review, we do not aim for completeness, since any ostensibly complete review would soon be outdated. Our goal is to illustrate diversity by selecting representative and accessible items from current research and industry practices, reflecting real-world situations rather than claiming completeness. Thus, we emphasize showcasing diverse approaches.","source":"arXiv","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.AI","cs.CL"],"doi":"10.1016/j.knosys.2025.114215","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.20988","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2502.20988","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2025-02-28T12:00:51Z","score":69},{"id":"arxiv_2511.11017","title":"AI Agent-Driven Framework for Automated Product Knowledge Graph Construction in E-Commerce","authors":[{"name":"Dimitar Peshevski"},{"name":"Riste Stojanov"},{"name":"Dimitar Trajanov"}],"abstract":"The rapid expansion of e-commerce platforms generates vast amounts of unstructured product data, creating significant challenges for information retrieval, recommendation systems, and data analytics. Knowledge Graphs (KGs) offer a structured, interpretable format to organize such data, yet constructing product-specific KGs remains a complex and manual process. This paper introduces a fully automated, AI agent-driven framework for constructing product knowledge graphs directly from unstructured product descriptions. Leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs), our method operates in three stages using dedicated agents: ontology creation and expansion, ontology refinement, and knowledge graph population. This agent-based approach ensures semantic coherence, scalability, and high-quality output without relying on predefined schemas or handcrafted extraction rules. We evaluate the system on a real-world dataset of air conditioner product descriptions, demonstrating strong performance in both ontology generation and KG population. The framework achieves over 97\\% property coverage and minimal redundancy, validating its effectiveness and practical applicability. Our work highlights the potential of LLMs to automate structured knowledge extraction in retail, providing a scalable path toward intelligent product data integration and utilization.","source":"arXiv","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.AI"],"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.16913321","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.11017","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.11017","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2025-11-14T07:09:13Z","score":69},{"id":"arxiv_2511.12071","title":"Improving Graph Embeddings in Machine Learning Using Knowledge Completion with Validation in a Case Study on COVID-19 Spread","authors":[{"name":"Rosario Napoli"},{"name":"Gabriele Morabito"},{"name":"Antonio Celesti"},{"name":"Massimo Villari"},{"name":"Maria Fazio"}],"abstract":"The rise of graph-structured data has driven major advances in Graph Machine Learning (GML), where graph embeddings (GEs) map features from Knowledge Graphs (KGs) into vector spaces, enabling tasks like node classification and link prediction. However, since GEs are derived from explicit topology and features, they may miss crucial implicit knowledge hidden in seemingly sparse datasets, affecting graph structure and their representation. We propose a GML pipeline that integrates a Knowledge Completion (KC) phase to uncover latent dataset semantics before embedding generation. Focusing on transitive relations, we model hidden connections with decay-based inference functions, reshaping graph topology, with consequences on embedding dynamics and aggregation processes in GraphSAGE and Node2Vec. Experiments show that our GML pipeline significantly alters the embedding space geometry, demonstrating that its introduction is not just a simple enrichment but a transformative step that redefines graph representation quality.","source":"arXiv","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.LG","cs.AI"],"doi":"10.1109/ICKG66886.2025.00046","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.12071","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.12071","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2025-11-15T07:24:00Z","score":69},{"id":"ss_06370bd7b55b7a4943dc9b02386df66b82cceaf1","title":"Incel Epistemology: On Marginality, Experience and Legitimization of Knowledge","authors":[{"name":"Evelina Johansson Wilén"}],"abstract":"This article contributes to the growing corpus of knowledge concerning the incel movement by scrutinizing how claims of marginalization are mobilized in online incel communities to present incels as privileged subjects of knowledge. The study elucidates how incel marginalization is wielded as a legitimizing experience, conferring epistemic privilege upon self-identifying incels by distinguishing between an ‘us’ of marginalized and enlightened incels, and a ‘them’ consisting of duped and privileged ‘others’. It also examines the role of partaking in incel discussions and incel ideology to achieve an incel standpoint, where lived experience is transformed into counter-hegemonic knowledge. Inspired by social movement theory, the article points to similarities between the incel movement’s political mobilization of marginalized experience and feminist standpoint theory and feminist practices in consciousness-raising groups. It argues that this affinity can be understood from the perspective of the dynamic between movements and counter-movements and their tendency to mimic and copy each other’s tactics.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.1177/11033088241295873","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/06370bd7b55b7a4943dc9b02386df66b82cceaf1","is_open_access":true,"citations":4,"published_at":"","score":68.12},{"id":"ss_67375116668f0f71c21c6a27fce1436c8382c1d5","title":"Organization of Knowledge in Light of Egan and Shera’s Social Epistemology and Elias’ Symbol Theory","authors":[{"name":"Tarcisio Zandonade"},{"name":"D. Martínez-Ávila"}],"abstract":"Knowledge organization or information organization, in a narrower sense, is an area of Library and Information Science (LIS) concerned with activities such as document description, indexing, and classification performed in bibliographic and cybergraphic repositories for their rapid and economic retrieval for use by society. Knowledge organization is an essential second level knowledge product; while a first level knowledge production studies the scientific phenomenon via general social epistemology, especially in the guise commanded by Steve William Fuller’s program. In this second level, knowledge organization studies the problem of mechanisms and existing bibliographic systems and the extent to which they are congruent with the realities of the communication process and the findings of epistemological research via special social epistemology, an academic discipline created by Jesse Shera and Margaret Egan. Additionally, the definition of “symbol” as the essential object of information science is examined, following the theoretical foundation of information developed by Norbert Elias’ “The Symbol Theory”.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.36311/1981-1640.2024.v18.e024008","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/67375116668f0f71c21c6a27fce1436c8382c1d5","pdf_url":"https://revistas.marilia.unesp.br/index.php/bjis/article/download/15548/16136","is_open_access":true,"citations":1,"published_at":"","score":68.03},{"id":"ss_ef451ff0268325982d7c7c33d3f685ac124f9d99","title":"A Postcolonial and Material Theory of Knowledge for the Study of Religion: A Comparison of Durkheim and Chidester's Epistemologies","authors":[{"name":"Johan M. Strijdom"}],"abstract":"This article addresses the fundamental question of how knowledge about religion is acquired in the academic study of religion. It does so by means of a comparison of the answers to the question by Emile Durkheim and David Chidester. Durkheim, in engaging with the conventional distinction between rationalist and empiricist theories of knowledge of his time, as well as their combination by Kant, argues that categories of thought (such as space, time, causality, number, and classifications) are not mere abstract conditions of understanding, but are to be conceptualized as constructs of particular societies. This social-anthropological shift in the theory of knowledge has been of decisive influence since the beginning of the 20th century, among others on the late 20th-century and beginning of the 21st-century South African scholar of religion, David Chidester. From a comparison of Durkheim's epistemology with that of Chidester it is, however, clear that the latter brings new insights to the epistemological question by insisting on a postcolonial and material approach to the study of religion. The comparison of the two episte-mologies that I provide here should give substance to this point by comparing ways in which they deal with a selection of categories and concepts in their study of religion.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.17159/2413-3027/2024/v37n1a6","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ef451ff0268325982d7c7c33d3f685ac124f9d99","pdf_url":"http://www.scielo.org.za/pdf/jsr/v37n1/06.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":1,"published_at":"","score":68.03},{"id":"doaj_https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2178-6224v19i2p171-196","title":"Ernst Haeckel e a controvérsia sobre as imagens de embriões na obra Natürliche Schopfungsgeshichte","authors":[{"name":"Marcelo Viktor Gilge"}],"abstract":"Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919) foi um renomado pesquisador alemão da segunda metade do século XIX e início do século XX. Parte de sua produção científica foi devotada a defender e divulgar as ideias darwinianas de modificação das espécies em seu país. Entre as ideias de Haeckel, destaca-se a Lei Biogenética Fundamental, na qual ele afirmava que os estágios de desenvolvimento pelos quais passam os embriões recapitulam a história evolutiva do filo. Para explicar essa ideia, na obra Natürliche Schöpfungsgeschichte (História Natural da Criação) de 1868, Haeckel utilizou ilustrações de embriões que foram alvo de críticas e acusações de fraude e plágio. Este artigo tem por objetivos analisar o uso que Ernst Haeckel fez dessas ilustrações, relatando algumas das críticas de cientistas contemporâneas e posteriores e proporcionar um material para atividades pedagógicas voltadas ao ensino de evolução biológica e desenvolvimento embrionário. Em aproximação a análises realizadas por alguns historiadores da ciência, conclui-se que Haeckel se defendeu razoavelmente e que a motivação maior das críticas era o ataque ao darwinismo.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Biology (General)","Epistemology. Theory of knowledge"],"doi":"https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2178-6224v19i2p171-196","url":"https://www.revistas.usp.br/fhb/article/view/fhb-v19-n2-05/fhb-v19-n2-05","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"arxiv_2411.01023","title":"Capturing and Anticipating User Intents in Data Analytics via Knowledge Graphs","authors":[{"name":"Gerard Pons"},{"name":"Besim Bilalli"},{"name":"Anna Queralt"}],"abstract":"In today's data-driven world, the ability to extract meaningful information from data is becoming essential for businesses, organizations and researchers alike. For that purpose, a wide range of tools and systems exist addressing data-related tasks, from data integration, preprocessing and modeling, to the interpretation and evaluation of the results. As data continues to grow in volume, variety, and complexity, there is an increasing need for advanced but user-friendly tools, such as intelligent discovery assistants (IDAs) or automated machine learning (AutoML) systems, that facilitate the user's interaction with the data. This enables non-expert users, such as citizen data scientists, to leverage powerful data analytics techniques effectively. The assistance offered by IDAs or AutoML tools should not be guided only by the analytical problem's data but should also be tailored to each individual user. To this end, this work explores the usage of Knowledge Graphs (KG) as a basic framework for capturing in a human-centered manner complex analytics workflows, by storing information not only about the workflow's components, datasets and algorithms but also about the users, their intents and their feedback, among others. The data stored in the generated KG can then be exploited to provide assistance (e.g., recommendations) to the users interacting with these systems. To accomplish this objective, two methods are explored in this work. Initially, the usage of query templates to extract relevant information from the KG is studied. However, upon identifying its main limitations, the usage of link prediction with knowledge graph embeddings is explored, which enhances flexibility and allows leveraging the entire structure and components of the graph. The experiments show that the proposed method is able to capture the graph's structure and to produce sensible suggestions.","source":"arXiv","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.LG","cs.AI","cs.DB"],"doi":"10.1016/j.knosys.2026.115835","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.01023","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2411.01023","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2024-11-01T20:45:23Z","score":68},{"id":"arxiv_2410.02499","title":"Defining Knowledge: Bridging Epistemology and Large Language Models","authors":[{"name":"Constanza Fierro"},{"name":"Ruchira Dhar"},{"name":"Filippos Stamatiou"},{"name":"Nicolas Garneau"},{"name":"Anders Søgaard"}],"abstract":"Knowledge claims are abundant in the literature on large language models (LLMs); but can we say that GPT-4 truly \"knows\" the Earth is round? To address this question, we review standard definitions of knowledge in epistemology and we formalize interpretations applicable to LLMs. In doing so, we identify inconsistencies and gaps in how current NLP research conceptualizes knowledge with respect to epistemological frameworks. Additionally, we conduct a survey of 100 professional philosophers and computer scientists to compare their preferences in knowledge definitions and their views on whether LLMs can really be said to know. Finally, we suggest evaluation protocols for testing knowledge in accordance to the most relevant definitions.","source":"arXiv","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.CL"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.02499","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2410.02499","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2024-10-03T14:01:01Z","score":68},{"id":"arxiv_2403.12862","title":"Epistemology of Language Models: Do Language Models Have Holistic Knowledge?","authors":[{"name":"Minsu Kim"},{"name":"James Thorne"}],"abstract":"This paper investigates the inherent knowledge in language models from the perspective of epistemological holism. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether LLMs exhibit characteristics consistent with epistemological holism. These characteristics suggest that core knowledge, such as general scientific knowledge, each plays a specific role, serving as the foundation of our knowledge system and being difficult to revise. To assess these traits related to holism, we created a scientific reasoning dataset and examined the epistemology of language models through three tasks: Abduction, Revision, and Argument Generation. In the abduction task, the language models explained situations while avoiding revising the core knowledge. However, in other tasks, the language models were revealed not to distinguish between core and peripheral knowledge, showing an incomplete alignment with holistic knowledge principles.","source":"arXiv","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.CL"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.12862","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.12862","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2024-03-19T16:06:10Z","score":68},{"id":"ss_bc5cbb91144c64b0c16e3c7525bbb13e2095f277","title":"Al-Ghazali's Theory of Real Knowledge: An Exploration of Knowledge Integration in Islamic Epistemology through Contemporary Perspectives","authors":[{"name":"Aminullah Poya"},{"name":"Habiburrahman Rizapoor"}],"abstract":"Abstract This research aims to explore Al-Ghazali's theory of real knowledge and elucidate the concept of knowledge and its integration features in grounding Islamic knowledge according to the contemporary theories of epistemology. The study delves into Al-Ghazali's perspectives on knowledge, analyzing and interpreting them in light of modern knowledge theories. The research finds that the cognitive integration features in Al-Ghazali's philosophy lie in the integration of knowledge sources, methods, sciences, and scholars. This is achieved through a comprehensive review of some of Al-Ghazali's works, as well as relevant studies, books, and research about his contributions to Islamic epistemology. Al-Ghazali encourages scholars to collaborate and integrate their knowledge to attain true understanding, a principle evident in this research through the exploration of modern epistemological concepts. The research utilized both inductive and descriptive methods to identify the characteristics of knowledge and demonstrate its integration aspects in Al-Ghazali's teachings. The research is structured into an introduction and three main sections: the first section introduces Al-Ghazali and his era, the second section explores the concept of knowledge and its integration in Islamic epistemology according to Al-Ghazali, and the third section examines knowledge sources, methods, types of knowledge, and scholars in Al-Ghazali's philosophy.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.55227/ijhess.v3i2.627","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bc5cbb91144c64b0c16e3c7525bbb13e2095f277","pdf_url":"https://ijhess.com/index.php/ijhess/article/download/627/539","is_open_access":true,"citations":14,"published_at":"","score":67.42},{"id":"ss_4c84324c4e3176244c36e218b40e4d4b0c8c78b6","title":"Conceptualizing and Enabling Transformative Learning Through Relational Onto-Epistemology: Theory U and the u.lab Experience","authors":[{"name":"Beatriz Carrillo"}],"abstract":"The article puts forward Theory U as a framework for developing a more holistic and embodied understanding and approach to the practice and conceptualization of transformative learning. It argues that Theory U’s relational onto-epistemology, which emphasizes the collective nature of knowledge creation and transformation, provides a compelling schema for learners to engage and integrate the cognitive, emotional, relational and spiritual dimensions of their personal and professional development, as well as their role in broader societal change. Using the case study of u.lab, an educational program based on Theory U, the article identifies key practices, tools and interactions that served to enable transformative learning. It also highlights the potential of relational onto-epistemological frameworks such as that of Theory U to guide the development of a more holistic conceptualization of transformative learning, one that encompasses aspects and experiences of transformation beyond rational-cognitive processes and beyond dualistic understandings of the world around us.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.1177/15413446231152237","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4c84324c4e3176244c36e218b40e4d4b0c8c78b6","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/15413446231152237","is_open_access":true,"citations":5,"published_at":"","score":67.15},{"id":"ss_a049f7acea31aed83a67610820f6a2a0f2b56db0","title":"A Critical Analysis on ‘Theory of Knowledge’ (Epistemology) of Charaka Samhita and its Importance in Clinical Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Sumana Ray Paul"},{"name":"Sukalyan Ray"}],"abstract":"Introduction: Epistemology, that is, “theory of knowledge” or Pramana Vigyana is considered as one of the three fundamental division of any philosophy. The metaphysical analysis and ethical conclusion of any philosophical school depend on its theory of knowledge. Charaka Samhita having a unique philosophical background which is conglomeration of different philosophical doctrines from all the major Indian philosophical schools also depends on its own epistemology while propounding the principles of Ayurveda . Understanding the different Pramana, that is, sources of knowledge as discussed in this compendium helps us to understand the subject better and their subsequent application in clinical medicine for benefit of mankind. The present study was carried out to evaluate the different Pramana or sources of knowledge as discussed in Charaka Samhita and also to evaluate their subsequent application in the field of clinical medicine. Discussion: Charaka Samhita has propounded four principal Pramana such as: (1). Aptopadesha (scriptural testimony) (2), Pratyaksham (sensory perception) (3), Anumana (inference), and (4). Yukti (reasoning). Along with these four sources of knowledge, it also discussed other Pramana briefly such as: Aoupamya (comparison), Aitihya (ethical guidance by authoritative persons and scriptures), and Arthaprapti (implied meaning). But throughout the compendium, Acharya Charaka has given most importance to three Pramana like Aptopadesha followed by Pratyaksha followed by Anumana . The understandings of all these Pramana are mainly based on Nyaya philosophy although the chronology follows the Samkhya tradition. What makes the epistemology of Charaka Samhita a unique one is its clinical implementation as discussed by Acharya Charaka in relation with every Pramana . Conclusion: Understanding the various Pramana as discussed in Charaka Samhita along with their clinical implementation helps us to realize the profound philosophical background of this compendium. It also paves the way for more innovative research as how to apply this eternal knowledge of epistemology for advancement of medical science.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.47223/irjay.2023.6910","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a049f7acea31aed83a67610820f6a2a0f2b56db0","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.47223/irjay.2023.6910","is_open_access":true,"citations":1,"published_at":"","score":67.03},{"id":"doaj_10.31631/2073-3046-2022-6-24-33","title":"Comparative Analysis of the Diversity of SARS-CoV-2 Lines Circulating in Omsk Region in 2020–2022","authors":[{"name":"E. A. Gradoboeva"},{"name":"Zh. S. Tyulko"},{"name":"A. V. Fadeev"},{"name":"A. G. Yakimenko"},{"name":"V. V. Yakimenko"}],"abstract":"Relevance. To date, no detailed analysis of the variants of the pathogen circulating at different times on the territory of the Omsk region has been carried out.Aim. Comparative analysis of the diversity of circulating variants of SARS­CoV­-2 based on molecular genetic data, determine the lines and time of their appearance, compare the data obtained with data from the GISAID database.Materials and methods. Genome­wide sequencing of 222 primary and 5 culture (passages on Vero E6 and SPEV cell cultures) samples of SARS­-CoV­-2 from the Omsk region, collected from April 2020 to February 2022, on Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Illumina platforms, was carried out. Genetic lines were determined in Pangolin. The analysis was performed in MEGA7 and BioEdit.Results. 227 genome­wide SARS­-CoV­-2 sequences were obtained. 222 genomes have been uploaded to the GISAID database. The lines to which the samples belong were determined, phylogenetic trees were constructed for various regions of the SARS-CoV­-2 genome, the levels of virus homology were assessed and mutations in the S­protein region were analyzed.Conclusions. According to the data obtained, it is possible to roughly judge the time of the appearance of a particular variant, its consolidation and distribution in the population, and observe the rare mutations and the circulation of some rare lines. To assess the possibility of significant geographically linked changes in the SARS­-CoV­-2 in the Omsk region, the data obtained are insufficient. Virus variants circulating in the region are grouped into one cluster with identical variants from other regions or countries. A more pronounced intracluster differentiation of the lines can be observed when analyzing the RBD region. The situation with COVID­-19 in the Omsk region generally coincides with that in the whole country and the world. However, this does not exclude the parallel occurrence of certain mutations in remote territories from each other.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Epistemology. Theory of knowledge"],"doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2022-6-24-33","url":"https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1701","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"arxiv_2306.08302","title":"Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap","authors":[{"name":"Shirui Pan"},{"name":"Linhao Luo"},{"name":"Yufei Wang"},{"name":"Chen Chen"},{"name":"Jiapu Wang"},{"name":"Xindong Wu"}],"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT and GPT4, are making new waves in the field of natural language processing and artificial intelligence, due to their emergent ability and generalizability. However, LLMs are black-box models, which often fall short of capturing and accessing factual knowledge. In contrast, Knowledge Graphs (KGs), Wikipedia and Huapu for example, are structured knowledge models that explicitly store rich factual knowledge. KGs can enhance LLMs by providing external knowledge for inference and interpretability. Meanwhile, KGs are difficult to construct and evolving by nature, which challenges the existing methods in KGs to generate new facts and represent unseen knowledge. Therefore, it is complementary to unify LLMs and KGs together and simultaneously leverage their advantages. In this article, we present a forward-looking roadmap for the unification of LLMs and KGs. Our roadmap consists of three general frameworks, namely, 1) KG-enhanced LLMs, which incorporate KGs during the pre-training and inference phases of LLMs, or for the purpose of enhancing understanding of the knowledge learned by LLMs; 2) LLM-augmented KGs, that leverage LLMs for different KG tasks such as embedding, completion, construction, graph-to-text generation, and question answering; and 3) Synergized LLMs + KGs, in which LLMs and KGs play equal roles and work in a mutually beneficial way to enhance both LLMs and KGs for bidirectional reasoning driven by both data and knowledge. We review and summarize existing efforts within these three frameworks in our roadmap and pinpoint their future research directions.","source":"arXiv","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.CL","cs.AI"],"doi":"10.1109/TKDE.2024.3352100","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.08302","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2023-06-14T07:15:26Z","score":67},{"id":"arxiv_2309.05856","title":"Multi-Point Detection of the Powerful Gamma Ray Burst GRB221009A Propagation through the Heliosphere on October 9, 2022","authors":[{"name":"Andrii Voshchepynets"},{"name":"Oleksiy Agapitov"},{"name":"Lynn Wilson"},{"name":"Vassilis Angelopoulos"},{"name":"Samer T. Alnussirat"},{"name":"Michael Balikhin"},{"name":"Myroslava Hlebena"},{"name":"Ihor Korol"},{"name":"Davin Larson"},{"name":"David Mitchell"},{"name":"Christopher Owen"},{"name":"Ali Rahmati"},{"name":"Department of System Analysis"},{"name":"Optimization Theory"},{"name":"Uzhhorod National University"},{"name":" Uzhhorod"},{"name":" Ukraine"},{"name":"Space Sciences Laboratory"},{"name":" :"},{"name":"University of California Berkeley Berkeley"},{"name":"CA 94720"},{"name":" Astronomy"},{"name":"Space Physics Department"},{"name":"National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv"},{"name":" Kyiv"},{"name":" Ukraine"},{"name":"Goddard Space Flight Center"},{"name":"National Aeronautics"},{"name":"Space Administration"},{"name":" Greenbelt"},{"name":" MD"},{"name":"Department of Earth"},{"name":" Planetary"},{"name":"Space Sciences"},{"name":"University of California Los Angeles"},{"name":"Los Angeles"},{"name":" CA}"},{"name":"University of Sheffield"},{"name":" Sheffield"},{"name":" UK"},{"name":"Department of Algebra"},{"name":"Differential Equation"},{"name":"Uzhhorod National University"},{"name":" Uzhhorod"},{"name":" Ukraine"},{"name":"Department of Mathematical Analysis"},{"name":"The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin"},{"name":" Lublin"},{"name":" Poland}"}],"abstract":"We present the results of processing the effects of the powerful Gamma Ray Burst GRB221009A captured by the charged particle detectors (electrostatic analyzers and solid-state detectors) onboard spacecraft at different points in the heliosphere on October 9, 2022. To follow the GRB221009A propagation through the heliosphere we used the electron and proton flux measurements from solar missions Solar Orbiter and STEREO-A; Earth magnetosphere and the solar wind missions THEMIS and Wind; meteorological satellites POES15, POES19, MetOp3; and MAVEN - a NASA mission orbiting Mars. GRB221009A had a structure of four bursts: less intense Pulse 1 - the triggering impulse - was detected by gamma-ray observatories at 131659 UT (near the Earth); the most intense Pulses 2 and 3 were detected on board all the spacecraft from the list, and Pulse 4 detected in more than 500 s after Pulse 1. Due to their different scientific objectives, the spacecraft, which data was used in this study, were separated by more than 1 AU (Solar Orbiter and MAVEN). This enabled tracking GRB221009A as it was propagating across the heliosphere. STEREO-A was the first to register Pulse 2 and 3 of the GRB, almost 100 seconds before their detection by spacecraft in the vicinity of Earth. MAVEN detected GRB221009A Pulses 2, 3, and 4 at the orbit of Mars about 237 seconds after their detection near Earth. By processing the time delays observed we show that the source location of the GRB221009A was at RA 288.5 degrees, Dec 18.5 degrees (J2000) with an error cone of 2 degrees","source":"arXiv","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["astro-ph.HE","astro-ph.IM","astro-ph.SR"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.05856","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2309.05856","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2023-09-11T22:40:01Z","score":67},{"id":"arxiv_2307.00064","title":"Situated Cameras, Situated Knowledges: Towards an Egocentric Epistemology for Computer Vision","authors":[{"name":"Samuel Goree"},{"name":"David Crandall"}],"abstract":"In her influential 1988 paper, Situated Knowledges, Donna Haraway uses vision and perspective as a metaphor to discuss scientific knowledge. Today, egocentric computer vision discusses many of the same issues, except in a literal vision context. In this short position paper, we collapse that metaphor, and explore the interactions between feminist epistemology and egocentric CV as \"Egocentric Epistemology.\" Using this framework, we argue for the use of qualitative, human-centric methods as a complement to performance benchmarks, to center both the literal and metaphorical perspective of human crowd workers in CV.","source":"arXiv","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.CV"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.00064","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2307.00064","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2023-06-30T18:07:26Z","score":67}],"total":2838352,"page":1,"page_size":20,"sources":["DOAJ","Semantic Scholar","CrossRef","arXiv"],"query":"Epistemology. Theory of knowledge"}