{"results":[{"id":"ss_65940ae1720d2ad7cabe1cab7451ef1e0d8392a3","title":"High and rising economic costs of biological invasions worldwide","authors":[{"name":"C. Diagne"},{"name":"B. Leroy"},{"name":"A. Vaissière"},{"name":"R. Gozlan"},{"name":"D. Roiz"},{"name":"I. Jarić"},{"name":"J. Salles"},{"name":"C. Bradshaw"},{"name":"F. Courchamp"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1038/s41586-021-03405-6","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/65940ae1720d2ad7cabe1cab7451ef1e0d8392a3","pdf_url":"https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03410347/file/GlobalInvasionCost-%20Diagne%20et%20al%20-%20AcceptedVersion.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":1052,"published_at":"","score":95},{"id":"ss_201c232388254e4e84adc02b7eb102ad3788e4b4","title":"Antimicrobial Resistance: Implications and Costs","authors":[{"name":"Porooshat Dadgostar"}],"abstract":"Abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has developed as one of the major urgent threats to public health causing serious issues to successful prevention and treatment of persistent diseases. In spite of different actions taken in recent decades to tackle this issue, the trends of global AMR demonstrate no signs of slowing down. Misusing and overusing different antibacterial agents in the health care setting as well as in the agricultural industry are considered the major reasons behind the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. In addition, the spontaneous evolution, mutation of bacteria, and passing the resistant genes through horizontal gene transfer are significant contributors to antimicrobial resistance. Many studies have demonstrated the disastrous financial consequences of AMR including extremely high healthcare costs due to an increase in hospital admissions and drug usage. The literature review, which included articles published after the year 2012, was performed using Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar with the utilization of keyword searches. Results indicated that the multifactorial threat of antimicrobial resistance has resulted in different complex issues affecting countries across the globe. These impacts found in the sources are categorized into three different levels: patient, healthcare, and economic. Although gaps in knowledge about AMR and areas for improvement are obvious, there is not any clearly understood progress to put an end to the persistent trends of antimicrobial resistance.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2019,"language":"en","subjects":["Business","Medicine"],"doi":"10.2147/IDR.S234610","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/201c232388254e4e84adc02b7eb102ad3788e4b4","pdf_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=54884","is_open_access":true,"citations":1379,"published_at":"","score":93},{"id":"ss_103fed1d9d475f8f3227ec64ef40fe9811be3606","title":"Economic Costs of Diabetes in the U.S. in 2017","authors":[{"name":"Ping Zhang"},{"name":"M. Laxy"},{"name":"T. Hoerger"},{"name":"Inna Cintina"},{"name":"Wenya Yang"}],"abstract":"OBJECTIVE This study updates previous estimates of the economic burden of diagnosed diabetes and quantifies the increased health resource use and lost productivity associated with diabetes in 2017. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We use a prevalence-based approach that combines the demographics of the U.S. population in 2017 with diabetes prevalence, epidemiological data, health care cost, and economic data into a Cost of Diabetes Model. Health resource use and associated medical costs are analyzed by age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance coverage, medical condition, and health service category. Data sources include national surveys, Medicare standard analytical files, and one of the largest claims databases for the commercially insured population in the U.S. RESULTS The total estimated cost of diagnosed diabetes in 2017 is $327 billion, including $237 billion in direct medical costs and $90 billion in reduced productivity. For the cost categories analyzed, care for people with diagnosed diabetes accounts for 1 in 4 health care dollars in the U.S., and more than half of that expenditure is directly attributable to diabetes. People with diagnosed diabetes incur average medical expenditures of ∼$16,750 per year, of which ∼$9,600 is attributed to diabetes. People with diagnosed diabetes, on average, have medical expenditures ∼2.3 times higher than what expenditures would be in the absence of diabetes. Indirect costs include increased absenteeism ($3.3 billion) and reduced productivity while at work ($26.9 billion) for the employed population, reduced productivity for those not in the labor force ($2.3 billion), inability to work because of disease-related disability ($37.5 billion), and lost productivity due to 277,000 premature deaths attributed to diabetes ($19.9 billion). CONCLUSIONS After adjusting for inflation, economic costs of diabetes increased by 26% from 2012 to 2017 due to the increased prevalence of diabetes and the increased cost per person with diabetes. The growth in diabetes prevalence and medical costs is primarily among the population aged 65 years and older, contributing to a growing economic cost to the Medicare program. The estimates in this article highlight the substantial financial burden that diabetes imposes on society, in addition to intangible costs from pain and suffering, resources from care provided by nonpaid caregivers, and costs associated with undiagnosed diabetes.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2018,"language":"en","subjects":["Economics","Medicine"],"doi":"10.2337/dci18-0007","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/103fed1d9d475f8f3227ec64ef40fe9811be3606","pdf_url":"https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/diacare/41/5/917.full.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":2096,"published_at":"","score":92},{"id":"ss_91e38ea0fa10d13c2e11022a94fde95e0300a3af","title":"Economic Costs of Diabetes in the U.S. in 2022.","authors":[{"name":"Emily D Parker"},{"name":"Janice Lin"},{"name":"T. Mahoney"},{"name":"Nwanneamaka Ume"},{"name":"Grace Yang"},{"name":"Robert A. Gabbay"},{"name":"Nuha A. ElSayed"},{"name":"Raveendhara R. Bannuru"}],"abstract":"OBJECTIVE This study updates previous estimates of the economic burden of diagnosed diabetes, with calculation of the health resource use and indirect costs attributable to diabetes in 2022. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We combine the demographics of the U.S. population in 2022 with diabetes prevalence, from national survey data, epidemiological data, health care cost data, and economic data, into a Cost of Diabetes Economic Model to estimate the economic burden at the population and per capita levels. Health resource use and associated medical costs are analyzed by age, sex, race/ethnicity, comorbid condition, and health service category. Data sources include national surveys (2015-2020 or most recent available), Medicare standard analytic files (2020), and administrative claims data from 2018 to 2021 for a large commercially insured population in the U.S. RESULTS The total estimated cost of diagnosed diabetes in the U.S. in 2022 is $412.9 billion, including $306.6 billion in direct medical costs and $106.3 billion in indirect costs attributable to diabetes. For cost categories analyzed, care for people diagnosed with diabetes accounts for 1 in 4 health care dollars in the U.S., 61% of which are attributable to diabetes. On average people with diabetes incur annual medical expenditures of $19,736, of which approximately $12,022 is attributable to diabetes. People diagnosed with diabetes, on average, have medical expenditures 2.6 times higher than what would be expected without diabetes. Glucose-lowering medications and diabetes supplies account for ∼17% of the total direct medical costs attributable to diabetes. Major contributors to indirect costs are reduced employment due to disability ($28.3 billion), presenteeism ($35.8 billion), and lost productivity due to 338,526 premature deaths ($32.4 billion). CONCLUSIONS The inflation-adjusted direct medical costs of diabetes are estimated to rise 7% from 2017 and 35% from 2012 calculations (stated in 2022 dollars). Following decades of steadily increasing prevalence of diabetes, the overall estimated prevalence in 2022 remains relatively stable in comparison to 2017. However, the absolute number of people with diabetes has grown and contributes to increased health care expenditures, particularly per capita spending on inpatient hospital stays and prescription medications. The enormous economic toll of diabetes continues to burden society through direct medical and indirect costs.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.2337/dci23-0085","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/91e38ea0fa10d13c2e11022a94fde95e0300a3af","pdf_url":"https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article-pdf/47/1/26/741612/dci230085.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":543,"published_at":"","score":83.29},{"id":"ss_8adac13c98a3d0676eaffda9df4dc7a20e942a16","title":"You have printed the following article : The Costs and Benefits of Ownership : A Theory of Vertical and Lateral Integration","authors":[{"name":"Sanford J. Grossman"},{"name":"O. Hart"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2007,"language":"en","subjects":null,"url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8adac13c98a3d0676eaffda9df4dc7a20e942a16","is_open_access":true,"citations":6003,"published_at":"","score":81},{"id":"ss_5b0b85c1ddfc377636e76f85aa515016ea6ec93f","title":"Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow, Corporate Finance, and Takeovers","authors":[{"name":"Michael C. Jensen"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":1999,"language":"en","subjects":["Business","Economics"],"doi":"10.2139/SSRN.99580","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5b0b85c1ddfc377636e76f85aa515016ea6ec93f","is_open_access":true,"citations":23505,"published_at":"","score":80},{"id":"ss_5a4c1f9fbbaa77b36dfd76384dd7163a5e0466e7","title":"Theory of the Firm : Managerial Behavior , Agency Costs and Ownership Structure","authors":[{"name":"Michael C. Jensen"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2000,"language":"en","subjects":null,"url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5a4c1f9fbbaa77b36dfd76384dd7163a5e0466e7","is_open_access":true,"citations":16493,"published_at":"","score":80},{"id":"ss_ea1534e7b05a242eff494b9c25743222d6a0e3ae","title":"Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: Analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care","authors":[{"name":"D. Angus"},{"name":"W. Linde‐Zwirble"},{"name":"J. Lidicker"},{"name":"G. Clermont"},{"name":"J. Carcillo"},{"name":"M. Pinsky"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2001,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1097/00003246-200107000-00002","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ea1534e7b05a242eff494b9c25743222d6a0e3ae","is_open_access":true,"citations":8586,"published_at":"","score":80},{"id":"ss_b4f0ac3f2778963fdbb672de5206bf8eef0c3f11","title":"Agency Costs, Net Worth, and Business Fluctuations","authors":[{"name":"B. Bernanke"},{"name":"M. Gertler"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":1988,"language":"en","subjects":["Economics"],"url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b4f0ac3f2778963fdbb672de5206bf8eef0c3f11","is_open_access":true,"citations":5576,"published_at":"","score":80},{"id":"ss_9889386a86b5a42f4fc73e644f465ff4e60ce648","title":"Industry costs of equity","authors":[{"name":"E. Fama"},{"name":"K. French"}],"abstract":"Abstract Estimates of the cost of equity for industries are imprecise. Standard errors of more than 3.0% per year are typical for both the CAPM and the three-factor model of Fama and French (1993). These large standard errors are the result of(i) uncertainty about true factor risk premiums and (ii) imp ecise estimates of the loadings of industries on the risk factors. Estimates of the cost of equity for firms and projects are surely even less precise.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":1997,"language":"en","subjects":["Economics"],"doi":"10.1016/S0304-405X(96)00896-3","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9889386a86b5a42f4fc73e644f465ff4e60ce648","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-405x(96)00896-3","is_open_access":true,"citations":5679,"published_at":"","score":80},{"id":"ss_94324e25f7a67c714da808f4dd375949ce614a65","title":"The Economic Costs of Conflict: A Case Study of the","authors":[{"name":"Basque Country"},{"name":"Alberto Abadie"},{"name":"Javier Gardeazabal"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2003,"language":"en","subjects":["Geography","Economics"],"doi":"10.1257/000282803321455188","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/94324e25f7a67c714da808f4dd375949ce614a65","is_open_access":true,"citations":4259,"published_at":"","score":80},{"id":"ss_66caad2da024a0b9cdc5708b5e7448919fdbb423","title":"Update on the environmental and economic costs associated with alien-invasive species in the United States","authors":[{"name":"D. Pimentel"},{"name":"Rodolfo Zúñiga"},{"name":"D. Morrison"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2005,"language":"en","subjects":["Biology"],"doi":"10.1016/J.ECOLECON.2004.10.002","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/66caad2da024a0b9cdc5708b5e7448919fdbb423","is_open_access":true,"citations":4978,"published_at":"","score":80},{"id":"ss_3d1e48ee780805691c7e8f41d3de4a2f93f89d90","title":"The price of innovation: new estimates of drug development costs.","authors":[{"name":"J. DiMasi"},{"name":"R. Hansen"},{"name":"H. Grabowski"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2003,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine","Economics"],"doi":"10.1016/S0167-6296(02)00126-1","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3d1e48ee780805691c7e8f41d3de4a2f93f89d90","pdf_url":"http://www.cptech.org/ip/health/econ/dimasi2003.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":4252,"published_at":"","score":80},{"id":"ss_b5606fdb7ae0df46e7cf4839e648e0620b7a0e4f","title":"Costs of a predictible switch between simple cognitive tasks.","authors":[{"name":"R. Rogers"},{"name":"S. Monsell"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":1995,"language":"en","subjects":["Psychology"],"doi":"10.1037/0096-3445.124.2.207","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b5606fdb7ae0df46e7cf4839e648e0620b7a0e4f","is_open_access":true,"citations":3162,"published_at":"","score":80},{"id":"ss_c6b5380f8e79382257fc4315d0b7d891c436b935","title":"Unconventional medicine in the United States. Prevalence, costs, and patterns of use.","authors":[{"name":"D. Eisenberg"},{"name":"R. Kessler"},{"name":"C. Foster"},{"name":"F. Norlock"},{"name":"D. Calkins"},{"name":"T. Delbanco"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":1993,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1056/NEJM199301283280406","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c6b5380f8e79382257fc4315d0b7d891c436b935","pdf_url":"https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJM199301283280406?articleTools=true","is_open_access":true,"citations":4441,"published_at":"","score":80},{"id":"ss_40208c5ad1f1716812b14064614ae0683ec0ac52","title":"Compendium of physical activities: classification of energy costs of human physical activities.","authors":[{"name":"B. Ainsworth"},{"name":"W. Haskell"},{"name":"A. Leon"},{"name":"D. Jacobs"},{"name":"H. Montoye"},{"name":"J. Sallis"},{"name":"R. Paffenbarger"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":1993,"language":"en","subjects":["Computer Science","Medicine"],"doi":"10.1249/00005768-199301000-00011","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/40208c5ad1f1716812b14064614ae0683ec0ac52","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199301000-00011","is_open_access":true,"citations":4231,"published_at":"","score":80},{"id":"ss_78f48e76a5784efa1536c6f94f7daab180492bca","title":"Acute kidney injury, mortality, length of stay, and costs in hospitalized patients.","authors":[{"name":"G. Chertow"},{"name":"E. Burdick"},{"name":"Melissa M. Honour"},{"name":"J. Bonventre"},{"name":"D. Bates"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2005,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1681/ASN.2004090740","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/78f48e76a5784efa1536c6f94f7daab180492bca","pdf_url":"https://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/jnephrol/16/11/3365.full.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":3242,"published_at":"","score":80},{"id":"ss_4af7473d1d65878f921ae76c2fb07b04b8785594","title":"The Costs and Returns of Human Migration","authors":[{"name":"L. Sjaastad"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":1962,"language":"en","subjects":["Economics"],"doi":"10.1086/258726","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4af7473d1d65878f921ae76c2fb07b04b8785594","is_open_access":true,"citations":4451,"published_at":"","score":80},{"id":"ss_c563a5e74227329ae2413b517b5d040b55dbaa54","title":"The global costs of extreme weather that are attributable to climate change","authors":[{"name":"R. Newman"},{"name":"Ilan Noy"}],"abstract":"Extreme weather events lead to significant adverse societal costs. Extreme Event Attribution (EEA), a methodology that examines how anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions had changed the occurrence of specific extreme weather events, allows us to quantify the climate change-induced component of these costs. We collect data from all available EEA studies, combine these with data on the socio-economic costs of these events and extrapolate for missing data to arrive at an estimate of the global costs of extreme weather attributable to climate change in the last twenty years. We find that US\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\$$$\\end{document}$ 143 billion per year of the costs of extreme events is attributable to climatic change. The majority (63%), of this is due to human loss of life. Our results suggest that the frequently cited estimates of the economic costs of climate change arrived at by using Integrated Assessment Models may be substantially underestimated.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4266618","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c563a5e74227329ae2413b517b5d040b55dbaa54","is_open_access":true,"citations":382,"published_at":"","score":78.46000000000001},{"id":"ss_d5a555fc35e5ad47d69123f2d05dc262b533eac6","title":"The worldwide costs of dementia in 2019","authors":[{"name":"A. Wimo"},{"name":"Katrin M. Seeher"},{"name":"Rodrigo Cataldi"},{"name":"E. Cyhlarova"},{"name":"Joseph L. Dielemann"},{"name":"Oskar Frisell"},{"name":"M. Guerchet"},{"name":"L. Jönsson"},{"name":"Angeladine Kenne Malaha"},{"name":"Emma Nichols"},{"name":"Paola Pedroza"},{"name":"M. Prince"},{"name":"M. Knapp"},{"name":"T. Dua"}],"abstract":"Dementia is a leading cause of death and disability globally. Estimating total societal costs demonstrates the wide impact of dementia and its main direct and indirect economic components.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1002/alz.12901","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d5a555fc35e5ad47d69123f2d05dc262b533eac6","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/alz.12901","is_open_access":true,"citations":367,"published_at":"","score":78.00999999999999}],"total":2117129,"page":1,"page_size":20,"sources":["arXiv","DOAJ","CrossRef","Semantic Scholar"],"query":"Costs"}