{"results":[{"id":"arxiv_2603.28669","title":"Superintelligence and Law","authors":[{"name":"Noam Kolt"}],"abstract":"The prospect of artificial superintelligence -- AI agents that can generally outperform humans in cognitive tasks and economically valuable activities -- will transform the legal order as we know it. Operating autonomously or under only limited human oversight, AI agents will assume a growing range of roles in the legal system. First, in making consequential decisions and taking real-world actions, AI agents will become de facto subjects of law. Second, to cooperate and compete with other actors (human or non-human), AI agents will harness conventional legal instruments and institutions such as contracts and courts, becoming consumers of law. Third, to the extent AI agents perform the functions of writing, interpreting, and administering law, they will become producers and enforcers of law. These developments, whenever they ultimately occur, will call into question fundamental assumptions in legal theory and doctrine, especially to the extent they ground the legitimacy of legal institutions in their human origins. Attempts to align AI agents with extant human law will also face new challenges as AI agents will not only be a primary target of law, but a core user of law and contributor to law. To contend with the advent of superintelligence, lawmakers -- new and old -- will need to be clear-eyed, recognizing both the opportunity to shape legal institutions as society braces for superintelligence and the reality that, in the longer run, this may be a joint human-AI endeavor.","source":"arXiv","year":2026,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.CY"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.28669","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.28669","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2026-03-30T16:51:51Z","score":70},{"id":"arxiv_2601.06237","title":"Data-Dependent Goal Modeling for ML-Enabled Law Enforcement Systems","authors":[{"name":"Dalal Alrajeh"},{"name":"Vesna Nowack"},{"name":"Patrick Benjamin"},{"name":"Katie Thomas"},{"name":"William Hobson"},{"name":"Carolina Gutierrez Muñoz"},{"name":"Catherine Hamilton-Giachritsis"},{"name":"Juliane A. Kloess"},{"name":"Jessica Woodhams"},{"name":"Daniel Butler"},{"name":"Mark Law"},{"name":"Ralph Morton"},{"name":"Benjamin Costello"},{"name":"Amy Burrell"},{"name":"Tim Grant"},{"name":"Prachiben Shah"},{"name":"Frances Laureano de Leon"},{"name":"Mark Lee"}],"abstract":"Investigating serious crimes is inherently complex and resource-constrained. Law enforcement agencies (LEAs) grapple with overwhelming volumes of offender and incident data, making effective suspect identification difficult. Although machine learning (ML)-enabled systems have been explored to support LEAs, several have failed in practice. This highlights the need to align system behavior with stakeholder goals early in development, motivating the use of Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering (GORE).   This paper reports our experience applying the GORE framework KAOS to designing an ML-enabled system for identifying suspects in online child sexual abuse. We describe how KAOS supported early requirements elaboration, including goal refinement, object modeling, agent assignment, and operationalization. A key finding is the central role of data elicitation: data requirements constrain refinement choices and candidate agents while influencing how goals are linked, operationalized, and satisfied. Conversely, goal elaboration and agent assignment shape data quality expectations and collection needs.   Our experience highlights the iterative, bidirectional dependencies between goals, data, and ML performance. We contribute a reference model for integrating GORE with data-driven system development, and identify gaps in KAOS, particularly the need for explicit support for data elicitation and quality management. These insights inform future extensions of KAOS and, more broadly, the application of formal GORE methods to ML-enabled systems for high-stakes societal contexts.","source":"arXiv","year":2026,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.CY"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.06237","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2601.06237","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2026-01-09T15:22:02Z","score":70},{"id":"arxiv_2509.09508","title":"Incorporating AI incident reporting into telecommunications law and policy: Insights from India","authors":[{"name":"Avinash Agarwal"},{"name":"Manisha J. Nene"}],"abstract":"The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into telecommunications infrastructure introduces novel risks, such as algorithmic bias and unpredictable system behavior, that fall outside the scope of traditional cybersecurity and data protection frameworks. This paper introduces a precise definition and a detailed typology of telecommunications AI incidents, establishing them as a distinct category of risk that extends beyond conventional cybersecurity and data protection breaches. It argues for their recognition as a distinct regulatory concern. Using India as a case study for jurisdictions that lack a horizontal AI law, the paper analyzes the country's key digital regulations. The analysis reveals that India's existing legal instruments, including the Telecommunications Act, 2023, the CERT-In Rules, and the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, focus on cybersecurity and data breaches, creating a significant regulatory gap for AI-specific operational incidents, such as performance degradation and algorithmic bias. The paper also examines structural barriers to disclosure and the limitations of existing AI incident repositories. Based on these findings, the paper proposes targeted policy recommendations centered on integrating AI incident reporting into India's existing telecom governance. Key proposals include mandating reporting for high-risk AI failures, designating an existing government body as a nodal agency to manage incident data, and developing standardized reporting frameworks. These recommendations aim to enhance regulatory clarity and strengthen long-term resilience, offering a pragmatic and replicable blueprint for other nations seeking to govern AI risks within their existing sectoral frameworks.","source":"arXiv","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.CY","cs.AI","cs.HC"],"doi":"10.1016/j.clsr.2026.106263","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09508","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.09508","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2025-09-11T14:50:41Z","score":69},{"id":"arxiv_2509.08837","title":"Protected Grounds and the System of Non-Discrimination Law in the Context of Algorithmic Decision-Making and Artificial Intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Janneke Gerards"},{"name":"Frederik Zuiderveen Borgesius"}],"abstract":"Algorithmic decision-making and similar types of artificial intelligence (AI) may lead to improvements in all sectors of society, but can also have discriminatory effects. While current non-discrimination law offers people some protection, algorithmic decision-making presents the law with several challenges. For instance, algorithms can generate new categories of people based on seemingly innocuous characteristics, such as web browser preference or apartment number, or more complicated categories combining many data points. Such new types of differentiation could evade non-discrimination law, as browser type and house number are not protected characteristics, but such differentiation could still be unfair, for instance if it reinforces social inequality.   This paper explores which system of non-discrimination law can best be applied to algorithmic decision-making, considering that algorithms can differentiate on the basis of characteristics that do not correlate with protected grounds of discrimination such as ethnicity or gender. The paper analyses the current loopholes in the protection offered by non-discrimination law and explores the best way for lawmakers to approach algorithmic differentiation. While we focus on Europe, the conceptual and theoretical focus of the paper can make it useful for scholars and policymakers from other regions too, as they encounter similar problems with algorithmic decision-making.","source":"arXiv","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.CY"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08837","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.08837","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2025-09-01T15:21:12Z","score":69},{"id":"arxiv_2407.13577","title":"What is glacier sliding","authors":[{"name":"Robert Law"},{"name":"David Chandler"},{"name":"Phillip Voigt"},{"name":"Ivan Utkin"},{"name":"Andreas Born"}],"abstract":"Glacier and ice-sheet motion is fundamental to glaciology. However, we still lack a consensus for the optimal way to relate basal velocity to basal traction for large-scale glacier and ice-sheet models (the 'sliding relationship'). Typically, a single tunable coefficient loosely connected to one or a limited number of physical processes is varied spatially to reconcile model output with observations. Yet, process-agnostic studies indicate that the suitability of a given sliding relationship depends on the setting. Here, we suggest that this arises from myriad overlapping setting- and scale-dependent sliding sub-processes, including complicated near-basal stress states not captured by large-scale models, reviewed here as comprising a basal 'sliding layer'. A corresponding 'bulk layer' then accounts for ice deformation only minimally influenced by bed properties. We provide a framework for incorporating arbitrarily many sub-processes within a given region -- separated into normal ('form drag') and tangential ('slip') resistance at the ice-bed interface, stressing that the maximum scale of cavitation is an important contributor to the division between the two. Under reasonable assumptions, our framework implies that sliding relationships should fall within a sum of regularised-Coulomb and power-law components, with a rough-smooth distinction proving more consequential in dictating sliding behaviour than a traditional hard-soft transition.","source":"arXiv","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["physics.geo-ph"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.13577","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.13577","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2024-07-18T15:15:56Z","score":68},{"id":"ss_12d5e81f49773d05182e46c9df5aa282e5016e4d","title":"Rethinking Commercial Law’s Uncertain Boundaries","authors":[{"name":"S. Schwarcz"}],"abstract":"Although it is an essential part of business law, commercial law has uncertain boundaries. That uncertainty creates significant legal ambiguities and inconsist-encies, confusing lawyers and courts and causing misinterpretations that disrupt commerce and reduce efficiency. This Article hypothesizes and tests possible explanations for the uncertainty, including that commercial law’s development has been path dependent, ad hoc, and lacking well-defined normative purposes. The Article then analyzes what those boundaries should be, arguing that commercial law should cover all business-related transfers of property, subject to exceptions needed to reduce transaction costs and otherwise increase economic efficiency. The Article also compares its proposed boundaries to the scope of commercial law under the Uniform Commercial Code, both to test whether those boundaries are tethered to reality and to examine whether the scope of the UCC itself should be modified.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4328793","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/12d5e81f49773d05182e46c9df5aa282e5016e4d","is_open_access":true,"citations":3,"published_at":"","score":67.09},{"id":"doaj_10.22437/zaaken.v4i2.24044","title":"Pelaksanaan Parate Eksekusi Jaminan Fidusia Di Kota Jambi","authors":[{"name":"Novita Putri Yunardi"}],"abstract":"\nThe purpose of this research is to find out and analyze the implementation of the execution of the fiduciary guarantee, the obstacles encountered in the implementation of the execution of the fiduciary guarantee after the Constitutional Court Decision Number 18/PUU-XVII/2019 in Jambi City and the countermeasures carried out in overcoming the obstacles encountered. Research Methods, the research used is empirical juridical. First, the results of the research are that the execution of fiduciary guarantees in Jambi City is still not in accordance with the Constitutional Court Decision Number 18/PUU-XVII/2019. This can be seen from the three cases that the author raised in this study, it was stated that only one case carried out parate execution in accordance with the Constitutional Court Decision Number 18/PUU-XVII/2019, and two other cases did not comply with the Court's decision. This means that there are still creditors who immediately carry out executions before submitting an Application for Confiscation of Execution to the District Court. Second, the obstacles encountered in implementing the execution of fiduciary guarantees after the Constitutional Court Decision Number 18/PUU-XVII/2019 and the countermeasures made to overcome the obstacles faced, namely the obstacle since the entry into force of this decision is very difficult to collect from customers due to regulations -rule of law. Which if the rule of law is violated, PT. Adira Dinamika Multi Finance will bear the consequences. In addition, the debtor insists on not letting go of his unit and violates the payment deadline. The countermeasures carried out in overcoming the obstacles faced by PT. Adira Dinamika Multi Finance, namely if the debtor defaults, namely does not pay the installments that have been determined properly and has been given a subpoena, if the debtor becomes bankrupt, and the debtor dies and the heirs are absent.\n\n\nAbstrak\n\n\nTujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pelaksanaan parate eksekusi, kendala yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan parate eksekusi jaminan fidusia pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 18/PUU-XVII/2019 di Kota Jambi dan upaya penanggulangan yang dilakukan dalam mengatasi kendala yang dihadapi. Metode Penelitian Penelitian yang digunakan bersifat yuridis empiris. Hasil penelitian Pertama, pelaksanaan parate eksekusi jaminan fidusia di Kota Jambi masih belum sesuai dengan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 18/PUU- XVII/2019. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari tiga kasus yang Penulis angkat dalam penelitian ini dinyatakan hanya satu kasus saja yang melakukan parate eksekusi sesuai dengan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 18/PUU- XVII/2019, dan dua kasus lainnya tidak sesuai Putusan Mahkamah tersebut. Artinya, masih terdapat pihak kreditur yang langsung melakukan eksekusi sebelum pengajukan Permohonan Sita Eksekusi ke Pengadilan Negeri. Kedua, kendala yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan parate eksekusi jaminan fidusia pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 18/PUU- XVII/2019 dan upaya penanggulangan yang dilakukan dalam mengatasi kendala yang dihadapi, yakni kendalanya sejak berlakunya putusan ini sangat sulit untuk melakukan penagihan terhadap nasabah karena adanya aturan-aturan hukum. Yang mana jika aturan hukum tersebut dilanggar, PT. Adira Dinamika Multi Finance yang menanggung konsekuensinya, selain itu debitur bersikeras untuk tidak mau mepaskan unitnya dan melanggar batas waktu pembayaran. Adapun upaya penanggulangan yang dilakukan dalam mengatasi kendala yang dihadapi PT. Adira Dinamika Multi Finance yaitu jika debitur melakukan wanprestasi, yaitu tidak membayar angsuran telah ditentukan sebagaimana mestinya dan telah diberi somasi, jika debitur jatuh pailit, dan Debitur meninggal dunia dan ahli warisnya tidak ada.\n","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Civil law","Commercial law"],"doi":"10.22437/zaaken.v4i2.24044","url":"https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/Zaaken/article/view/24044","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"arxiv_2304.03830","title":"A Programmable True Random Number Generator Using Commercial Quantum Computers","authors":[{"name":"Aviraj Sinha"},{"name":"Elena R. Henderson"},{"name":"Jessie M. Henderson"},{"name":"Eric C. Larson"},{"name":"Mitchell A. Thornton"}],"abstract":"Random number generators (RNG) are essential elements in many cryptographic systems. True random number generators (TRNG) rely upon sources of randomness from natural processes such as those arising from quantum mechanics phenomena. We demonstrate that a quantum computer can serve as a high-quality, weakly random source for a generalized user-defined probability mass function (PMF). Specifically, QC measurement implements the process of variate sampling according to a user-specified PMF resulting in a word comprised of electronic bits that can then be processed by an extractor function to address inaccuracies due to non-ideal quantum gate operations and other system biases. We introduce an automated and flexible method for implementing a TRNG as a programmed quantum circuit that executes on commercially-available, gate-model quantum computers. The user specifies the desired word size as the number of qubits and a definition of the desired PMF. Based upon the user specification of the PMF, our compilation tool automatically synthesizes the desired TRNG as a structural OpenQASM file containing native gate operations that are optimized to reduce the circuit's quantum depth. The resulting TRNG provides multiple bits of randomness for each execution/measurement cycle; thus, the number of random bits produced in each execution is limited only by the size of the QC. We provide experimental results to illustrate the viability of this approach.","source":"arXiv","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["quant-ph"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.03830","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.03830","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2023-04-07T20:12:18Z","score":67},{"id":"arxiv_2206.09465","title":"Cybersecurity Law: Legal Jurisdiction and Authority","authors":[{"name":"Feras A. Batarseh"}],"abstract":"Cybersecurity threats affect all aspects of society; critical infrastructures (such as networks, corporate systems, water supply systems, and intelligent transportation systems) are especially prone to attacks and can have tangible negative consequences on society. However, these critical cyber systems are generally governed by multiple jurisdictions, for instance the Metro in the Washington, D.C. area is managed by the states of Virginia and Maryland, as well as the District of Columbia (DC) through Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA). Additionally, the water treatment infrastructure managed by DC Water consists of waste water input from Fairfax and Arlington counties, and the district (i.e. DC). Additionally, cyber attacks usually launch from unknown sources, through unknown switches and servers, and end up at the destination without much knowledge on their source or path. Certain infrastructures are shared amongst multiple countries, another idiosyncrasy that exacerbates the issue of governance. This law paper however, is not concerned with the general governance of these infrastructures, rather with the ambiguity in the relevant laws or doctrines about which authority would prevail in the context of a cyber threat or a cyber-attack, with a focus on federal vs. state issues, international law involvement, federal preemption, technical aspects that could affect lawmaking, and conflicting responsibilities in cases of cyber crime. A legal analysis of previous cases is presented, as well as an extended discussion addressing different sides of the argument.","source":"arXiv","year":2022,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.SI","cs.CR"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.09465","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.09465","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2022-06-19T18:35:00Z","score":66},{"id":"ss_b2d11ca4ed48b9b98e20dc639df7edbe7c7f5d04","title":"Making commercial law through practice 1830–1970","authors":[{"name":"M. Campbell"}],"abstract":"Commercial law is a popular subject amongst law students and Making Commercial Law through Practice 1830–1970 should be required reading for those who teach commercial law. The book (or at least pa...","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["Sociology"],"doi":"10.1080/03069400.2021.1973755","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b2d11ca4ed48b9b98e20dc639df7edbe7c7f5d04","pdf_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/files/305017809/Campbell_review_of_Cranston_book_20.07.21.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":6,"published_at":"","score":65.18},{"id":"ss_c476a36acd49bf5da70ddf0a35db6ecbd12d0327","title":"Political barriers in the ratification of international commercial law conventions","authors":[{"name":"J. Hoekstra"}],"abstract":"This article analyses the ratification of international commercial law conventions. The Convention for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) is almost 40 years old. In 2012, Switzerland proposed to the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) to evaluate the CISG and assess whether there was need for a new convention. While UNCITRAL decided not to pursue this further, the questions that Switzerland raised remain pertinent. This is not just with regard to the legal and commercial need of a new convention but also regarding the political viability of such a project. This article focuses on the latter question. It analyses the main considerations that play a part in the ratification process of international commercial law conventions. It concentrates on agenda setting and the key actors and analyses the main barriers encountered during ratification. While this article is written in the context of the aforementioned proposal, the analysis has broader applicability to the ratification process of international commercial law conventions. The main conclusions highlight the importance of raising the visibility of commercial law conventions through lobbying by key stakeholders, including trade associations, formulating agencies, and businesses. The importance of this article lies in understanding the political barriers in the ratification of international commercial law conventions.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["Political Science"],"doi":"10.1093/ULR/UNAB003","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c476a36acd49bf5da70ddf0a35db6ecbd12d0327","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/ulr/article-pdf/26/1/43/40409837/unab003.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":2,"published_at":"","score":65.06},{"id":"doaj_10.1186/s12910-021-00728-x","title":"Secondary research use of personal medical data: patient attitudes towards data donation","authors":[{"name":"Gesine Richter"},{"name":"Christoph Borzikowsky"},{"name":"Bimba Franziska Hoyer"},{"name":"Matthias Laudes"},{"name":"Michael Krawczak"}],"abstract":"Abstract Background The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted once more the great need for comprehensive access to, and uncomplicated use of, pre-existing patient data for medical research. Enabling secondary research-use of patient-data is a prerequisite for the efficient and sustainable promotion of translation and personalisation in medicine, and for the advancement of public-health. However, balancing the legitimate interests of scientists in broad and unrestricted data-access and the demand for individual autonomy, privacy and social justice is a great challenge for patient-based medical research. Methods We therefore conducted two questionnaire-based surveys among North-German outpatients (n = 650) to determine their attitude towards data-donation for medical research, implemented as an opt-out-process. Results We observed a high level of acceptance (75.0%), the most powerful predictor of a positive attitude towards data-donation was the conviction that every citizen has a duty to contribute to the improvement of medical research (\u003e 80% of participants approving data-donation). Interestingly, patients distinguished sharply between research inside and outside the EU, despite a general awareness that universities and public research institutions cooperate with commercial companies, willingness to allow use of donated data by the latter was very low (7.1% to 29.1%, depending upon location of company). The most popular measures among interviewees to counteract reservations against commercial data-use were regulation by law (61.4%), stipulating in the process that data are not sold or resold (84.6%). A majority requested control of both the use (46.8%) and the protection (41.5%) of the data by independent bodies. Conclusions In conclusion, data-donation for medical research, implemented as a combination of legal entitlement and easy-to-exercise-right to opt-out, was found to be widely supported by German patients and therefore warrants further consideration for a transposition into national law.","source":"DOAJ","year":2021,"language":"","subjects":["Medical philosophy. Medical ethics"],"doi":"10.1186/s12910-021-00728-x","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-021-00728-x","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65},{"id":"doaj_10.52896/rdc.v9i2.957","title":"Delineando política de concorrência em mercados digitais para economias em desenvolvimento:","authors":[{"name":"Vicente Bagnoli"}],"abstract":"\nO objetivo do artigo é investigar a concorrência nos mercados digitais e o papel da política de concorrência nas economias em desenvolvimento para um crescimento inclusivo e prosperidade compartilhada com ferramentas inovadoras para uma melhor aplicação da lei. Sua metodologia analisa relatórios e pesquisas internacionais. As economias em desenvolvimento devem fortalecer sua capacidade de desenhar políticas de concorrência nos mercados digitais de acordo com suas particularidades sociais e econômicas de desenvolvimento, observando o que as economias desenvolvidas vêm fazendo em seu próprio mercado. A UE tem conduzido a política de concorrência nos mercados digitais, e o Digital Markets Act e o Digital Services Act são mais duas iniciativas capazes de facilitar as economias em desenvolvimento na concepção de sua própria regulamentação nos mercados digitais. O resultado do artigo indica que não existe um formato único e, como conclusão, a experiência e os bons padrões devem ser avaliados e ajustados.\n","source":"DOAJ","year":2021,"language":"","subjects":["International relations","Commercial law","Competition"],"doi":"10.52896/rdc.v9i2.957","url":"https://revista.cade.gov.br/index.php/revistadedefesadaconcorrencia/article/view/957","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65},{"id":"doaj_10.18601/16926722.n19.04","title":"La fiscalidad participativa y la economía social y solidaria","authors":[{"name":"Reynier Limonta Montero"}],"abstract":"La fiscalidad participativa supone un plexo epistémico que posibilita el empoderamiento ciudadano en la gestión integral de las finanzas públicas. Constituye un estado complejo de relaciones que posee como denominador común la democratización del soporte financiero de la labor estatal en general y administrativa en particular; su imbricación teórica con la economía social y solidaria como posición que privilegia los límites sociales al mercado, priorizando el papel de los productores, y los valores de solidaridad y fraternidad que se producen en el marco de las relaciones de distribución, cambio y consumo. El análisis de ambas teorías permite empoderar a los sujetos que tradicionalmente permanecen alejados de las decisiones financieras, y su interconexión desde el punto de vista epistemológico permite la creación de un poderoso instrumento de formulación popular de políticas dirigidas a democratizar los procesos económicos, junto con los mecanismos estatales y administrativos reguladores de la materia.","source":"DOAJ","year":2021,"language":"","subjects":["Commercial law"],"doi":"10.18601/16926722.n19.04","url":"https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/fiscal/article/view/7238","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65},{"id":"arxiv_2111.09816","title":"A scaling law chaotic system","authors":[{"name":"Xiao-Jun Yang"}],"abstract":"In this article, we propose an anomalous chaotic system of the scaling-law ordinary differential equations involving the Mandelbrot scaling law. This chaotic behavior shows the \"Wukong\" effect. The comparison among the Lorenz and scaling-law attractors is discussed in detail. We also suggest the conjecture for the fixed point theory for the fractal SL attractor. The scaling-law chaos may be open a new door in the study of the chaos theory.","source":"arXiv","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["math.DS"],"doi":"10.1142/S0218348X22500578","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.09816","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2111.09816","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2021-11-16T19:07:34Z","score":65},{"id":"ss_9c2c44d423b89bd2e202603fc8602ab3865ce8a8","title":"Commercial Law","authors":[{"name":"Richard W. Bauman"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.4324/9780429044793-18","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9c2c44d423b89bd2e202603fc8602ab3865ce8a8","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65},{"id":"ss_a36ab90875154df45912d96d80c7e3b5327a6756","title":"How to Build a Stablecoin: Certainty, Finality, and Stability Through Commercial Law Principles","authors":[{"name":"Jess Cheng"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":["Economics"],"url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a36ab90875154df45912d96d80c7e3b5327a6756","is_open_access":true,"citations":9,"published_at":"","score":64.27000000000001},{"id":"ss_6199f05babfb8eb9daeeb3ef9066228742e49fe9","title":"Commercial Law Intersections","authors":[{"name":"Giuliano G. Castellano"},{"name":"Andrea Tosato"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":["Business"],"url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6199f05babfb8eb9daeeb3ef9066228742e49fe9","is_open_access":true,"citations":3,"published_at":"","score":64.09},{"id":"ss_4782b3e6ab2ee6c60f18bdcb62db0b8f37ad2368","title":"Mandatory and Default Regulation in the Slovak Commercial Law","authors":[{"name":"Barbora Grabličková"},{"name":"M. Patakyová"}],"abstract":"The aim of this contribution is to provide the reader with an understanding of the concept of mandatory and default regulation within the Slovak commercial law. Private law regulation is in the Slovak Republic quite specific, as the Commercial Code covers not only companies (and cooperatives), but contractual aspects of the commercial law as well, which interferes with the contractual regulation stipulated in the Civil Code and causes duality. The Commercial Code and the Civil Code differently regulates the matter of mandatory and default regulation and therefore we found it crucial to provide the reader, who (most likely) does not have a detailed knowledge about these specificities in the Slovak law, with a more theoretical and descriptive introduction. Such an introduction is crucial in order to understand the following contextual analysis of the issue of mandatory and default regulation in the Slovak commercial law. However, the main aim of this contribution is to tackle the specific angles of the topic, in concrete, a possible judicial interference into the mandatory and default regulation of the commercial law and its impact on this concept. Moreover, the authors address the matter of possible avoidance of mandatory regulation in the commercial law through the contract on the sale of an enterprise and shareholders’ agreements, which are uniquely regulated in the Commercial Code. Moreover, the contribution addresses a hypothesis, that despite the need for simplification of the commercial law, the latest amendments of the Commercial Code goes opposite direction by introducing new mandatory provisions into the code, due to the abuse of a company as a legal form.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":["Business"],"doi":"10.46282/blr.2020.4.1.176","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4782b3e6ab2ee6c60f18bdcb62db0b8f37ad2368","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.46282/blr.2020.4.1.176","is_open_access":true,"citations":2,"published_at":"","score":64.06},{"id":"crossref_10.1017/9781108629003.024","title":"International commercial law","authors":null,"abstract":"","source":"CrossRef","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.1017/9781108629003.024","url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108629003.024","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":64}],"total":6777876,"page":1,"page_size":20,"sources":["CrossRef","DOAJ","arXiv","Semantic Scholar"],"query":"Commercial law"}