{"results":[{"id":"doaj_10.1186/s40878-026-00523-w","title":"Migration and labour market outcomes through a multi-sited lens: South American migrants in Argentina and Spain","authors":[{"name":"Carolina V. Zuccotti"}],"abstract":"Abstract Research on the socioeconomic outcomes of migrants and their children in destination societies has long been a central focus for sociologists and economists worldwide. However, this body of work is shaped by two dominant approaches. First, most studies focus on South-North migration; second, they often compare migrants with natives in destination countries. Building on the growing multi-sited and dissimilation approaches, this study uses large-scale harmonized census microdata to enhance our understanding of migration outcomes by comparing migrants across both southern and northern destinations, as well as comparing migrants to natives in their countries of origin. The study examines the labour market outcomes of two South American migrant groups—Bolivian and Peruvian—who have emigrated to two key destinations: Argentina and Spain. Three key takeaways emerge. First, migration can reshape women’s relationship to the labour market. Second, not all migration results in an occupational status downgrade, contrary to expectations from classic assimilation theories. Third, although South–North moves may involve greater legal and cultural challenges, they do not necessarily entail greater labour market disadvantages or lower returns to education compared to South–South moves.","source":"DOAJ","year":2026,"language":"","subjects":["Social Sciences","Communities. Classes. Races","Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology","City population. Including children in cities, immigration"],"doi":"10.1186/s40878-026-00523-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-026-00523-w","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":70},{"id":"ss_eaa67313329b78a121c587b33b6b25e95c08f020","title":"Comparison of myopia-related behaviors among Chinese school-aged children and associations with parental awareness of myopia control: a population-based, cross-sectional study","authors":[{"name":"Chaoying Ye"},{"name":"Yujie Wang"},{"name":"Yujia Liu"},{"name":"Xingxue Zhu"},{"name":"Jianmin Shang"},{"name":"X. Qu"}],"abstract":"Background In China, approximately 30 and 70% of primary and middle school students, respectively, have myopia, making myopia prevention and control necessary. Eye-use behaviors are closely related to myopia, highlighting the importance of determining the behavioral compliance rates of children. Parental awareness also affects children’s behaviors. Therefore, we assessed the myopia-related behaviors and parental awareness of school-aged children in different city tiers of China with different refractive statuses. Methods A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted on Chinese children from 110 cities aged 7–15 years. Samples were equally allocated to each subgroup of city tiers, children’s age groups, and children’s refractive statuses. Questionnaires were designed to investigate children’s behaviors, including responses to sitting position, time of eye use (single continuous near work time and breaks in between, total near work time after school each day), eye rest (break time and style during near work and outdoor time per week), light conditions in the learning environment at home, and parents’ knowledge about myopia prevention and control. Associations between parental awareness and children’s behaviors were analyzed using logistic regression. Results In total, 896 questionnaires were collected. The prevalence of children’s poor behaviors related to myopia ranged from 23.44 to 84.82%, with the highest and lowest being sitting position and the use of eye-protecting lamps, respectively. Children in third-tier cities were more likely to have poor sitting position (p \u003c 0.01), a non-open view in front of a desk at home (p = 0.02), and more near activities during break times (p = 0.04). After adjustment for parental myopia condition and the child’s sex, poor parental awareness was mainly associated with not using an eye-protecting lamp (odds ratio [OR]: 1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.40–2.72), poor break styles (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.21–2.12), and excessive total near work time (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.02–2.05). Conclusion Myopia-related behaviors were poorly performed in children, particularly among older children and those living in third-tier cities. Eye-protecting lamps, time spent doing near work, and break style were all associated with parental awareness, suggesting that better parental awareness helps children in the long run. More targeted measures could be adopted to help improve children’s behaviors.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1520977","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/eaa67313329b78a121c587b33b6b25e95c08f020","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1520977","is_open_access":true,"citations":4,"published_at":"","score":69.12},{"id":"crossref_10.1016/j.cities.2025.106269","title":"Identities, participation, and the immigration crisis in the city: A comparative analysis","authors":[{"name":"Noam Brenner"},{"name":"Dan Miodownik"}],"abstract":"","source":"CrossRef","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2025.106269","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2025.106269","is_open_access":true,"citations":1,"published_at":"","score":69.03},{"id":"doaj_10.1186/s40878-025-00505-4","title":"Support factors in scientific mobility of Israeli female STEM researchers","authors":[{"name":"Zohar Barak"},{"name":"Nir Cohen"}],"abstract":"Abstract Scholarship on scientific mobility has long emphasized the structural and agentic difficulties faced by female researchers, especially in the male-dominated STEM disciplines. With notable exceptions, studies ignored the experience of early career female academics who travel internationally for professional reasons, including the various factors of support, which they draw on before and during relocation. This article examines narratives of Israeli PhD graduates who pursue an international postdoctoral fellowship (IPDF). Based on interviews with 24 female researchers in STEM disciplines who took up IPDF in North American universities, it explores the main support factors they draw on and examine their role in the relocation process. Our findings suggest that three factors were particularly instrumental; first, the support of their partners or husbands and, sometimes, their nuclear families, who were willing to make personal, social, and professional sacrifices for the mobility to materialize. Second, the support, both emotional and material, of their (post)doctoral advisors, and other academic colleagues, in their home or host institutions. Finally, prior experience - or familiarity - with academic or other forms of international mobility, were also salient. By analyzing the role of factors, which researchers rely on prior to and during their professional voyage, the study contributes to the field of academic mobility, nuancing the practical experience of ‘travelling’ (female) scientists. In so doing, it contributes to a better understanding of the pivotal, yet understudied, role of partners, families, and colleagues in academic mobilities, which could potentially reduce gender-based gaps in professional trajectories of early career scientists.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Social Sciences","Communities. Classes. Races","Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology","City population. Including children in cities, immigration"],"doi":"10.1186/s40878-025-00505-4","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-025-00505-4","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"arxiv_2501.08983","title":"Compositional Generative Model of Unbounded 4D Cities","authors":[{"name":"Haozhe Xie"},{"name":"Zhaoxi Chen"},{"name":"Fangzhou Hong"},{"name":"Ziwei Liu"}],"abstract":"3D scene generation has garnered growing attention in recent years and has made significant progress. Generating 4D cities is more challenging than 3D scenes due to the presence of structurally complex, visually diverse objects like buildings and vehicles, and heightened human sensitivity to distortions in urban environments. To tackle these issues, we propose CityDreamer4D, a compositional generative model specifically tailored for generating unbounded 4D cities. Our main insights are 1) 4D city generation should separate dynamic objects (e.g., vehicles) from static scenes (e.g., buildings and roads), and 2) all objects in the 4D scene should be composed of different types of neural fields for buildings, vehicles, and background stuff. Specifically, we propose Traffic Scenario Generator and Unbounded Layout Generator to produce dynamic traffic scenarios and static city layouts using a highly compact BEV representation. Objects in 4D cities are generated by combining stuff-oriented and instance-oriented neural fields for background stuff, buildings, and vehicles. To suit the distinct characteristics of background stuff and instances, the neural fields employ customized generative hash grids and periodic positional embeddings as scene parameterizations. Furthermore, we offer a comprehensive suite of datasets for city generation, including OSM, GoogleEarth, and CityTopia. The OSM dataset provides a variety of real-world city layouts, while the Google Earth and CityTopia datasets deliver large-scale, high-quality city imagery complete with 3D instance annotations. Leveraging its compositional design, CityDreamer4D supports a range of downstream applications, such as instance editing, city stylization, and urban simulation, while delivering state-of-the-art performance in generating realistic 4D cities.","source":"arXiv","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.CV"],"doi":"10.1109/TPAMI.2025.3603078","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.08983","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2501.08983","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2025-01-15T17:59:56Z","score":69},{"id":"ss_795ffaa1082cc5229005ed93320922cc5e91d9b0","title":"Health, Illness and Health Seeking Behaviour of the Street Children in Dhaka City: A Narrative Analysis","authors":[{"name":"Md. Faruk Shah"},{"name":"Md. Mojahar Rahman Shah"},{"name":"Rounak Jahan"}],"abstract":"Bangladesh has a population of over six million street children, most of whom live in Dhaka city. The hard and stressful life that street children usually lead is a sign of poor health. In this context, the purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions of health, illness and health-seeking behaviour of the street children in Dhaka city. To achieve this, both primary and secondary sources of data were utilized. The primary methods of data collection were narrative interviews, FGDs and document analysis followed by thematic analysis. The results suggest that the circumstances surrounding the street children’s way of life and place of employment are conducive to the development of various ailments. A variety of maladies frequently afflict them, including fever, cold, diarrhoea, dysentery, gastrointestinal discomfort and skin allergies. Furthermore, their lack of access to medical care, childhood immunizations and sanitation leads to the risk of developing chronic diseases. Female street children further experience unwanted conceptions due to early marriage, which result in various health complications. We argue that the vulnerable state of street children’s health is a direct result of the interplay between the political economy and the consequences of social injustice. They experience marginalization and stigmatization as a result of their vulnerability, uncertainty and precarious access to basic needs. The health-seeking behaviour of street children, although plural, is primarily characterised by discrimination from public services. Beyond its scholastic contribution to the field of child and health studies, policymakers may also find this study useful in formulating strategies to enhance the lives and livelihoods of street children in Dhaka city.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.59146/pss.v19.a1","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/795ffaa1082cc5229005ed93320922cc5e91d9b0","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"ss_90fbe9f0323763729b5f707822fb14381563fe36","title":"An Empirical Study on Cultural and Educational Identity of Migrant Children in Zhoushan City from a Qualitative Perspective","authors":[{"name":"Diandian Chen"},{"name":"Wenxuan Ren"},{"name":"Ding Yi"},{"name":"Yuting Miao"},{"name":"Wang Siya"},{"name":"Wang Rui"}],"abstract":"With the acceleration of urbanization, Zhoushan City—a key marine economy hub in Zhejiang Province—has attracted a large influx of migrant workers, relocated families, and high-level talents, forming a diverse “new resident” population. In recent years, the government and society have paid increasing attention to the educational challenges faced by underprivileged minors within this group. Although migrant children’s schools have improved in terms of infrastructure and material support, inequitable access to quality education persists. Field surveys reveal that in districts such as Huannan, Changguo, and Yancang, some migrant families experience poverty or relapse into poverty due to illness, leaving their children deprived of adequate education due to financial constraints. Their cultural-educational identity significantly impacts social integration and sustainable urban development.Guided by the theories of cultural adaptation and social identity, this mixed-methods study examines key dimensions including language acquisition, perceived educational equity, and traditional cultural acceptance. The findings aim to provide evidence-based recommendations for Zhoushan’s policymakers to design inclusive education policies and promote equitable resource allocation.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.47772/ijriss.2025.907000493","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/90fbe9f0323763729b5f707822fb14381563fe36","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"ss_4801abe6e5381e63fa2857dbfe56df008bead5fc","title":"Investigating Growth Disorders in Elementary School Children in Zahedan City","authors":[{"name":"Ehsan Rajaei"},{"name":"Maryam Nakhaee Moghadam"},{"name":"Gholamrasool Rajaei"}],"abstract":"Background: Proper growth during childhood is a critical indicator of overall public health. In Zahedan, emerging evidence suggests that growth disorders — including short stature and undernutrition — are increasingly observed among elementary school children, potentially reflecting underlying socioeconomic disparities and nutritional challenges. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of growth disorders in elementary school children in Zahedan and to examine the association between family economic status, school feeding programs, and growth outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed among elementary school students in Zahedan. Anthropometric data (height and weight) were collected using standardized techniques. Socioeconomic information was gathered via parent-reported questionnaires. The impact of school nutrition — assessing both the frequency and quality of school-provided meals — alongside family income and other related factors, was analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. Results: The findings revealed that children from lower-income families were significantly more prone to growth disorders, particularly short stature and undernutrition. Moreover, regular access to high-quality school meals was positively associated with improved growth indices, suggesting a protective effect against growth impairments. Notably, while maternal employment did not show a significant influence on growth outcomes, household income and home nutrition quality emerged as key determinants. Conclusions: The study underscores the critical role of socioeconomic factors and effective school feeding programs in ensuring healthy growth among elementary school children in Zahedan. These results highlight the need for targeted interventions and supportive policies — such as enhancing school nutrition quality and providing economic assistance to low-income families — to mitigate growth disorders and promote better health outcomes in this vulnerable population.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.5812/zjrms-162410","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4801abe6e5381e63fa2857dbfe56df008bead5fc","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"ss_e2573b4fbd7ead2ef5b4c09a4971f3f642face0c","title":"Evaluation of biological radiation hazards due to alpha emitter isotopes and background radiation in pediatric medications consumed by children in Erbil City, Iraq.","authors":[{"name":"S. Othman"}],"abstract":"This study provides a radiological evaluation of commonly used pediatric medications obtained from pharmacies in Erbil, focusing on the measurement of naturally occurring radionuclides-²²²Rn, ²²⁶Ra, and ²³⁸U-and the associated internal exposure concerns. The investigation quantified radionuclide concentrations and assessed dose-related parameters, including dose rate, annual effective dose (AED), average annual internal effective dose (AAIED), and health hazard indices such as excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) and risk of an excess cancer fatality per million persons (RECFPMP). All measured radioactive quantities were within safety thresholds established by UNSCEAR, ICRP, WHO, and EPA. In all pediatric medication samples, ²²²Rn concentrations were below legal limits, while ²²⁶Ra and ²³⁸U levels also met international reference standards. The calculated AED and AAIED values remained within permissible exposure limits, indicating negligible radiological danger. However, ELCR values (2.50-6.57 × 10-³) exceeded minimal international risk thresholds, with the highest value observed in sample S21, suggesting a non-negligible long-term concern. These findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring and stricter quality control, particularly for imported medicines, to ensure long-term safety in this vulnerable population. From a regulatory perspective, the results support incorporating radiological screening into pharmaceutical quality assurance programs by the Iraqi Ministry of Health and drug importation agencies. Overall, while pediatric medications in Erbil appear radiologically safe, ongoing surveillance is warranted to mitigate potential risks from elevated activity concentrations in selected samples.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1080/10256016.2025.2592666","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e2573b4fbd7ead2ef5b4c09a4971f3f642face0c","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"ss_30905a70230ac1eb731ea0bef062d14dc9ad8908","title":"Addressing Educational Barriers Faced By Left-Behind Children in Rural China","authors":[{"name":"Siqi Wang"},{"name":"Xiaofeng Hu"}],"abstract":"Rapid internal migration has reshaped family structures in China, giving rise to a significant population of left-behind children—those who remain in rural communities while their parents seek work in distant cities. This study explores the educational challenges these children face and identifies strategies that may support their learning and emotional development. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 12 rural left-behind children and 5 educators, the research reveals that barriers exist across multiple domains, including emotional insecurity, limited parental guidance, school resource constraints, and structural inequities. Many children report feeling unsupported or misunderstood in school, particularly in environments with understaffed faculties and scarce counseling resources. While some schools offer academic remediation, few provide integrated supports that link families, teachers, and communities. Despite these challenges, the study also identifies sources of resilience—including school belonging, peer encouragement, and teacher emotional support. The findings call for more holistic interventions that connect home–school communication, community-based mentoring, and systemic investment in rural education. Recommendations include strengthening rural teacher training, promoting regular parent–child contact, and scaling up school–community partnerships. By centering children’s lived experiences, the study contributes practical insights for policymakers and educators seeking to reduce educational disparities and improve learning outcomes for vulnerable rural populations.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.47772/ijriss.2025.907000432","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/30905a70230ac1eb731ea0bef062d14dc9ad8908","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"ss_fdc91c61e18b72e96636e836fb1d6a76995403f1","title":"Immigration without diversity: the invisible second generation in Singapore","authors":[{"name":"Laavanya Kathiravelu"}],"abstract":"ABSTRACT Singapore is a migrant nation. However, recent immigration trends are engendering new forms of diversity that remain latent because of the reductive ways in which ethnoracial difference is categorized in the city–state. This latency is generated through homogenizing the ethnoracial identities of the children of migrants. In contrast to the majority of work that has primarily been done in the United States and Western Europe, the “second generation” in Singapore has not been extensively researched. Interrogating these complexities, this paper is interested in understanding how ethnonational and intra-racial differences play out in the politics of identification and nation-building in a young postcolonial state like Singapore. It is demonstrated that despite ethnoracial assimilation, integration into the nation is still fraught. Understanding this under-researched population yields important insights into questions of ethnonational belonging and the geopolitics of Asian migration and nationalism.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.1080/01419870.2024.2436079","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fdc91c61e18b72e96636e836fb1d6a76995403f1","is_open_access":true,"citations":4,"published_at":"","score":68.12},{"id":"ss_1eef3e4f380f60dd994e9a98904bfa3b4297b156","title":"Intellectual Quotient and Cognitive Indices in children with and without ADHD in the city of Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco","authors":[{"name":"José Luis Tornel Avelar"},{"name":"Leonardo Eleazar Cruz Alcalá"}],"abstract":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is between 5 and 8% of the child population. It was classified clinically by the presence of attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Recent research will indicate the presence and the increase in time in school activities in the region of Los Altos de Jalisco, which points to the need to obtain a precise cognitive profile in this regard. With the previous objective, we describe the results of the Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition (WISC-IV), applied to children with ADHD and children without the disorder, including the range of 6-11 years of age, in a population total of 89 children, 44 with ADHD (49.4%) and 45 without ADHD (50.6%), of these, 62 (69.66%) correspond to the male sex and 27 (30.33%) are female, using statistical analyzes Levene for equality of variances, test for equality of means and Pearson's correlation coefficient (p). The results are not shown. The results are differentiated between the Work Memory Index (IMT), Perceptual Reasoning (IRP), Verbal Comprehension (ICV) and the Total Intellectual Coefficient (CIT). However, if it occurred (0.036 T \u003c0.05). This result is significant to characterize the ADHD group with a cognitive level with a higher IVP score, unlike the group without ADHD. However, a significant index of the same index (IVP) was also identified in the correlation in the increase in age (closer to 11 years of the 6-11 range) in subjects with ADHD (0.006 p \u003c0.01). , which is an important finding to identify a cognitive profile of the disorder in the region.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.56294/mw2024482","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1eef3e4f380f60dd994e9a98904bfa3b4297b156","is_open_access":true,"citations":2,"published_at":"","score":68.06},{"id":"doaj_10.33086/cej.v6i3.6692","title":"Building Character Together: The Synergistic Role of Parents and Communities in Shaping School Values","authors":[{"name":"Sukron Djazilan"},{"name":"Wuri Wuryandani "}],"abstract":"\nCharacter education is a pivotal element in fostering moral and ethical values among students. This study explores the synergistic impact of parental and community involvement in character education within schools. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observations, and document analysis across three schools in diverse socio-economic settings. The findings reveal that parental involvement, such as reinforcing values at home and participating in school activities, significantly enhances students' moral development. Likewise, community engagement through mentorship, resources, and local partnerships provides a supportive environment for instilling positive character traits. However, challenges such as conflicting values, limited time, and communication gaps were identified as barriers to effective collaboration. This research underscores the importance of an integrated approach, aligning efforts between parents, community members, and educators to optimize character education outcomes. The study highlights practical strategies and theoretical contributions, advocating for enhanced communication and joint initiatives to nurture students' character development.\n\r\n\n \n\r\n\n \n","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Education","City population. Including children in cities, immigration"],"doi":"10.33086/cej.v6i3.6692","url":"https://journal2.unusa.ac.id/index.php/CEJ/article/view/6692","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.12765/CPoS-2024-15","title":"Untangling the Role of Assortative Mating in Educational Reproduction in Twelve European Countries","authors":[{"name":"Vanessa Wittemann"},{"name":"Gordey Yastrebov"}],"abstract":"In this study, we explore how educational differences in demographic behavior – in particular, mating patterns and fertility – mediate the intergenerational reproduction of educational inequality in twelve European countries. Although this research interest itself is not new, we contribute to this debate by adopting a prospective approach and scaling it to include multiple countries and cohorts. To this end, we leverage a series of complementary datasets and the inferential method developed by Song and Mare (2015) and advanced by Skopek and Leopold (2020) to estimate the components of a stylized educational reproduction model. We then employ a simple decomposition analysis to quantify the contributions of different pathways to prospective educational reproduction rates across educational backgrounds and explore the differences across cohorts and countries. We report several findings. Most notably, (1) the intergenerational reproduction of educational inequality persists in all twelve countries and is barely offset by small (and declining) negative educational gradients in fertility, (2) educational differences in selection into partnership are small and do not account for much inequality, and (3) the role of assortative mating, where present, is ambiguous because it both reinforces inequality via its effects on resources within the family and offsets it via its effects on fertility.\n\n\n* This article belongs to a special issue on “Changes in Educational Homogamy and Its Consequences”.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology","City population. Including children in cities, immigration","Demography. Population. Vital events"],"doi":"10.12765/CPoS-2024-15","url":"https://www.comparativepopulationstudies.de/index.php/CPoS/article/view/604","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"arxiv_2407.15770","title":"Health-promoting Potential of Parks in 35 Cities Worldwide","authors":[{"name":"Linus W. Dietz"},{"name":"Sanja Šćepanović"},{"name":"Ke Zhou"},{"name":"André Felipe Zanella"},{"name":"Daniele Quercia"}],"abstract":"Urban parks are important for public health, but the role of specific spaces, such as playgrounds or lakes, and elements, such as benches or sports equipment, in supporting well-being is not well understood. Based on expert input and a review of the literature, we defined six types of health-related activities: physical, mindfulness, nature appreciation, environmental, social, and cultural. We built a lexicon that links each activity to specific elements and spaces within parks present in OpenStreetMap. Using this data, we scored 23,477 parks across 35 cities worldwide based on their ability to support these activities. We found clear patterns: parks in North America focus more on physical activity, while those in Europe offer more chances to enjoy nature. Parks near city centers support health-promoting activities better than those farther out. Suburban parks in many cities lack the spaces and equipment needed for nature-based, social, and cultural activities. We also found large gaps in park quality between cities. Tokyo and Paris provide more equal access, while Copenhagen and Rio de Janeiro show sharp contrasts. These results can help cities create fairer parks that better support public health.","source":"arXiv","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.CY","cs.CE"],"doi":"10.1038/s44284-025-00345-4","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.15770","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.15770","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2024-07-22T16:20:30Z","score":68},{"id":"arxiv_2410.22012","title":"When Circular Economy Meets the Smart City Ecosystem: Defining the Smart and Circular City","authors":[{"name":"Georgios Mylonas"},{"name":"Athanasios Kalogeras"},{"name":"Sobah Abbas Petersen"},{"name":"Luis Muñoz"},{"name":"Ioannis Chatzigiannakis"}],"abstract":"Smart cities have been a very active research area in the past 20 years, while continuously adapting to new technological advancements and keeping up with the times regarding sustainability and climate change. In this context, there have been numerous proposals to expand the scope of smart cities, focusing on resilience and sustainability, among other aspects, resulting in terms like smart sustainable cities. At the same time, there is an ongoing discussion regarding the degree in which smart cities put people at their centre. In this work, we argue toward expanding the current smart city definition by integrating the circular economy as one of its central pillars and adopting the term smart (and) circular city. We discuss the ways a smart and circular city encompasses both sustainability and smartness in an integral manner, while also being well-positioned to foster novel business activity and models and helping to place citizens at the heart of the smart city. In this sense, we also argue that previous research in smart cities and technologies, such as those related to Industry 4.0, can serve as a cornerstone to implement circular economy activities within cities, at a scale that exceeds current activities that are based on more conventional approaches. We also outline current open challenges in this domain and research questions that still need to be addressed.","source":"arXiv","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.CY"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.22012","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2410.22012","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2024-10-29T13:00:50Z","score":68},{"id":"arxiv_2411.12335","title":"Cities beyond proximity","authors":[{"name":"Dan Hill"},{"name":"Matteo Bruno"},{"name":"Hygor Piaget Monteiro Melo"},{"name":"Yuichiro Takeuchi"},{"name":"Vittorio Loreto"}],"abstract":"The concept of `proximity-based cities' has gained attention as a new urban organizational model. Most prominently, the 15-minute city contends that cities can function more effectively, equitably and sustainably if essential, everyday services and key amenities are within a 15-minute walk or cycle. However, focusing solely on travel time risks overlooking disparities in service quality, as the proximity paradigm tends to emphasize the mere presence of an element in a location rather than bringing up more complex questions of identity, diversity, quality, value or relationships. Transitioning to value-based cities by considering more than just proximity can enhance local identity, resilience and urban democracy. Fostering bottom-up initiatives can create a culture of local care and value, while predominantly top-down governing strategies can lead to large inequalities. Balancing these approaches can maximize resilience, health and sustainability. This equilibrium has the potential to accompany sustainable growth, by encouraging the creation of innovative urban solutions and reducing inequalities.","source":"arXiv","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["physics.soc-ph","cs.SI"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.12335","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2411.12335","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2024-11-19T08:38:12Z","score":68},{"id":"arxiv_2406.06526","title":"Generative Gaussian Splatting for Unbounded 3D City Generation","authors":[{"name":"Haozhe Xie"},{"name":"Zhaoxi Chen"},{"name":"Fangzhou Hong"},{"name":"Ziwei Liu"}],"abstract":"3D city generation with NeRF-based methods shows promising generation results but is computationally inefficient. Recently 3D Gaussian Splatting (3D-GS) has emerged as a highly efficient alternative for object-level 3D generation. However, adapting 3D-GS from finite-scale 3D objects and humans to infinite-scale 3D cities is non-trivial. Unbounded 3D city generation entails significant storage overhead (out-of-memory issues), arising from the need to expand points to billions, often demanding hundreds of Gigabytes of VRAM for a city scene spanning 10km^2. In this paper, we propose GaussianCity, a generative Gaussian Splatting framework dedicated to efficiently synthesizing unbounded 3D cities with a single feed-forward pass. Our key insights are two-fold: 1) Compact 3D Scene Representation: We introduce BEV-Point as a highly compact intermediate representation, ensuring that the growth in VRAM usage for unbounded scenes remains constant, thus enabling unbounded city generation. 2) Spatial-aware Gaussian Attribute Decoder: We present spatial-aware BEV-Point decoder to produce 3D Gaussian attributes, which leverages Point Serializer to integrate the structural and contextual characteristics of BEV points. Extensive experiments demonstrate that GaussianCity achieves state-of-the-art results in both drone-view and street-view 3D city generation. Notably, compared to CityDreamer, GaussianCity exhibits superior performance with a speedup of 60 times (10.72 FPS v.s. 0.18 FPS).","source":"arXiv","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.CV"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.06526","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2406.06526","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2024-06-10T17:59:55Z","score":68},{"id":"ss_d9ce714f03fca8d566e1ac722fee0e7bdf35a00f","title":"Statistical Prediction and Analysis of the Growth Trend of Urban Children Population","authors":[{"name":"Fu Niu"}],"abstract":": This paper aims to deeply explore the history and present situation of urban children's population growth and its influence on all aspects of society, and put forward corresponding policy suggestions based on statistical prediction. By collecting and analyzing official statistics, census data and social survey data, this paper predicts the growth trend of urban children's population by using linear regression model. The results show that the population of urban children will remain relatively stable or increase slightly in the future, which will have a significant impact on the educational resources, public services and social structure of the city. Based on the forecast results and the analysis of the present situation, this paper puts forward a series of policy suggestions, including increasing investment in educational resources, strengthening the construction of public service facilities, and paying attention to changes in social structure, so as to provide scientific basis for future urban planning and policy formulation.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.23977/pree.2024.050211","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d9ce714f03fca8d566e1ac722fee0e7bdf35a00f","pdf_url":"http://www.clausiuspress.com/assets/default/article/2024/08/08/article_1723124055.pdf","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"ss_2297870e4d54ceb32ca1d2d6a5291c666e2e2c97","title":"Prevalence of myopia: A large-scale population-based study among children and adolescents in weifang, china","authors":[{"name":"Jie Zhang"},{"name":"Zhenhua Li"},{"name":"Jiantao Ren"},{"name":"Wenting Wang"},{"name":"J. Dai"},{"name":"Congyi Li"},{"name":"Xudong Huang"},{"name":"Xian-yong Sun"},{"name":"Lei Liu"},{"name":"Chunping Wang"}],"abstract":"Purpose This study aimed to determine the prevalence of myopia among school-aged children and adolescents at the whole city level of Weifang, China. Methods This study was a large scale school-based cross-sectional study among children and adolescents aged 5–20 years old. Participants were selected by the school-based registration system in 2020. All the subjects underwent spherical equivalent (SE) error with non-cycloplegic autorefraction measurement. Myopia was defined as an SE refraction of ≤-0.75 diopters (D) and graded into low myopia (−0.75 to −3.00 D), moderate myopia (−3.01 to −5.99 D), and high myopia (≤-6.00 D). Results A total of 1,059,838 participants were eligible for this survey and 1,013,206 (95.6% participation rate) were selected through data quality control, which comprised 17 districts/counties and 1,254 schools, including 861 elementary schools, 313 middle schools, and 80 high schools. The mean age of participants was 11.57 ± 3.36 years (5–20 years), and the male-to-female ratio was 1.11. The whole city-level prevalence of total myopia was 75.35%. The prevalence of total myopia among the students in the Hanting District was 45.47%, but ≈82.37% of students living in Changyi have myopia. The overall prevalence of low myopia in elementary, middle, and high school students was 48.56, 47.30, and 31.62%, respectively, while high myopia (SE ≤ −6.00 D) prevalence was 1.12, 8.89, and 20.12%, respectively. The overall prevalence of myopia increased fastest in children aged 7–9 years old. The prevalence of high myopia was 7.59% for girls and 6.43% for boys, respectively (p \u003c 0.001). The prevalence of myopia increased with increasing age and grade, but SE decreased with increasing age and grade. Conclusions The current investigation demonstrated a high proportion of myopia among school students in the city of Weifang, and gradually increased with age, and the prevalence of myopia was the highest in Changyi areas. The high myopia prevalence for girls was higher than that in boys.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2022,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2022.924566","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2297870e4d54ceb32ca1d2d6a5291c666e2e2c97","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.924566/pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":54,"published_at":"","score":67.62}],"total":2975341,"page":1,"page_size":20,"sources":["DOAJ","arXiv","Semantic Scholar","CrossRef"],"query":"City population. Including children in cities, immigration"}