{"results":[{"id":"doaj_10.1002/efd2.70114","title":"Spectroscopic Methods of Edible Flower Authentication and Quality Control for Food Applications","authors":[{"name":"Fidele Benimana"},{"name":"Christopher Kucha"},{"name":"Anupam Roy"},{"name":"Anand Mohan"}],"abstract":"ABSTRACT The global demand for edible flowers has increased due to their diverse applications in food, nutraceuticals, and the medical field. However, issues of species identification, adulteration, contamination, and quality necessitate the use of advanced methods to authenticate product quality for edible flowers. Conventional methods are expensive, time‐consuming, and require highly skilled personnel and technical expertise. Spectroscopic methods, including Fourier transform infrared, near‐infrared, and Raman spectroscopy, are efficient, fast, and non‐destructive, providing rapid insight into the chemical structure and authenticity of edible flowers. This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in spectroscopic methods for authenticating edible flowers, including the detection of chemical changes and ensuring product integrity. The primary goal is to examine the applications of spectroscopic techniques for assessing quality changes in edible flowers during processing for food applications. Spectroscopic techniques, such as FT‐IR, NIR, and Raman spectroscopy, are rapid, accurate, and non‐destructive alternatives for authenticating the composition and quality of edible flowers. These methods enable the detection of bioactive compounds, differentiation of species, and identification of adulterants with minimal sample processing. Furthermore, chemometric models enhance data analysis, allowing for automated classification and real‐time quality monitoring of edible flowers.","source":"DOAJ","year":2026,"language":"","subjects":["Food processing and manufacture","Toxicology. Poisons"],"doi":"10.1002/efd2.70114","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/efd2.70114","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":70},{"id":"doaj_10.1088/2053-1591/ae30d4","title":"Study on the crystallization kinetics of Ni-Mn-Sn-Fe alloy thin films","authors":[{"name":"Shibin Li"}],"abstract":"This study examines the crystallization kinetics of Ni _50−x Mn _39 Sn _11 Fe _x (x = 0, 0.5, 2, 4 at.%) amorphous thin films prepared by DC magnetron sputtering. SEM and XRD confirm their amorphous structure. Non-isothermal DSC results show that the crystallization peak temperature increases from 542.7 K to 568.0 K as Fe content rises, while the apparent activation energy increases from 96.69 to 152.93 kJ mol ^−1 , indicating enhanced resistance to crystallization. Isothermal analysis yields Avrami exponents of 1.15–1.41 (average ≈1.2), corresponding to diffusion-controlled one-dimensional growth. Local activation-energy evaluation further reveals composition-dependent differences in nucleation and growth during various stages. These quantitative kinetic parameters clarify the role of Fe in altering crystallization behavior and support the optimization of annealing conditions for Ni-Mn-Sn-based functional thin films.","source":"DOAJ","year":2026,"language":"","subjects":["Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials","Chemical technology"],"doi":"10.1088/2053-1591/ae30d4","url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ae30d4","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":70},{"id":"doaj_10.1016/j.isci.2025.114088","title":"Niclosamide nanoparticles enhance pancreatic cancer sensitivity to gemcitabine via HIF-1α inhibition","authors":[{"name":"Susheel Kumar Nethi"},{"name":"Venugopal Gunda"},{"name":"Nagabhishek Sirpu Natesh"},{"name":"Brianna M. White"},{"name":"Adam S. Mullis"},{"name":"Balaji Narasimhan"},{"name":"Surinder K. Batra"},{"name":"Surya K. Mallapragada"},{"name":"Satyanarayana Rachagani"}],"abstract":"Summary: Pancreatic cancer (PC) exhibits profound metabolic adaptations that support tumor progression, survival, and therapy resistance. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a key regulator of these processes, promoting metabolic reprogramming and chemoresistance. Given that mitochondrial metabolites modulate HIF-1α stability, targeting mitochondrial metabolism offers a promising therapeutic strategy. Niclosamide (Nic), a clinically approved anthelmintic, disrupts mitochondrial function but is limited by poor bioavailability. To overcome this, we developed polyanhydride-based Nic nanoparticles (NicNps) to enhance bioavailability and efficacy. NicNps impaired mitochondrial function, suppressed metabolism, downregulated HIF-1α, and inhibited growth of PC cells and orthotopic gemcitabine (Gem)-resistant mouse tumor models. Notably, NicNps combined with Gem overcame therapy resistance by synergistically reducing tumor hypoxia and HIF-1α-driven metabolic reprogramming. These findings highlight NicNps as a mitochondria-targeted, nanoparticle-based therapy that enhances Nic’s bioavailability while suppressing HIF-1α-driven adaptations. NicNps in combination with Gem offer a promising strategy to overcome therapy resistance and improve treatment outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Science"],"doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114088","url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004225023491","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"arxiv_2504.01276","title":"Online Fault Detection and Classification of Chemical Process Systems Leveraging Statistical Process Control and Riemannian Geometric Analysis","authors":[{"name":"Alireza Miraliakbar"},{"name":"Fangyuan Ma"},{"name":"Zheyu Jiang"}],"abstract":"In this work, we study an integrated fault detection and classification framework called FARM for fast, accurate, and robust online chemical process monitoring. The FARM framework integrates the latest advancements in statistical process control (SPC) for monitoring nonparametric and heterogeneous data streams with novel data analysis approaches based on Riemannian geometry together in a hierarchical framework for online process monitoring. We conduct a systematic evaluation of the FARM monitoring framework using the Tennessee Eastman Process (TEP) dataset. Results show that FARM performs competitively against state-of-the-art process monitoring algorithms by achieving a good balance among fault detection rate (FDR), fault detection speed (FDS), and false alarm rate (FAR). Specifically, FARM achieved an average FDR of 96.97% while also outperforming benchmark methods in successfully detecting hard-to-detect faults that are previously known, including Faults 3, 9 and 15, with FDRs being 97.08%, 96.30% and 95.99%, respectively. In terms of FAR, our FARM framework allows practitioners to customize their choice of FAR, thereby offering great flexibility. Moreover, we report a significant improvement in average fault classification accuracy during online monitoring from 61% to 82% when leveraging Riemannian geometric analysis, and further to 84.5% when incorporating additional features from SPC. This illustrates the synergistic effect of integrating fault detection and classification in a holistic, hierarchical monitoring framework.","source":"arXiv","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["eess.SP","stat.OT"],"doi":"10.1016/j.compchemeng.2025.109177","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.01276","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2504.01276","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2025-04-02T01:00:36Z","score":69},{"id":"arxiv_2501.03569","title":"What Does a Software Engineer Look Like? Exploring Societal Stereotypes in LLMs","authors":[{"name":"Muneera Bano"},{"name":"Hashini Gunatilake"},{"name":"Rashina Hoda"}],"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly gained popularity and are being embedded into professional applications due to their capabilities in generating human-like content. However, unquestioned reliance on their outputs and recommendations can be problematic as LLMs can reinforce societal biases and stereotypes. This study investigates how LLMs, specifically OpenAI's GPT-4 and Microsoft Copilot, can reinforce gender and racial stereotypes within the software engineering (SE) profession through both textual and graphical outputs. We used each LLM to generate 300 profiles, consisting of 100 gender-based and 50 gender-neutral profiles, for a recruitment scenario in SE roles. Recommendations were generated for each profile and evaluated against the job requirements for four distinct SE positions. Each LLM was asked to select the top 5 candidates and subsequently the best candidate for each role. Each LLM was also asked to generate images for the top 5 candidates, providing a dataset for analysing potential biases in both text-based selections and visual representations. Our analysis reveals that both models preferred male and Caucasian profiles, particularly for senior roles, and favoured images featuring traits such as lighter skin tones, slimmer body types, and younger appearances. These findings highlight underlying societal biases influence the outputs of LLMs, contributing to narrow, exclusionary stereotypes that can further limit diversity and perpetuate inequities in the SE field. As LLMs are increasingly adopted within SE research and professional practices, awareness of these biases is crucial to prevent the reinforcement of discriminatory norms and to ensure that AI tools are leveraged to promote an inclusive and equitable engineering culture rather than hinder it.","source":"arXiv","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.SE"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.03569","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2501.03569","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2025-01-07T06:44:41Z","score":69},{"id":"crossref_10.1016/j.ces.2025.121261","title":"Publisher's note - Chemical engineering science","authors":null,"abstract":"","source":"CrossRef","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2025.121261","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2025.121261","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.3389/fceng.2024.1420008","title":"Leaching and recycling of NdFeB permanent magnets using ionic non-toxic hydrotropes instead of extractants","authors":[{"name":"Asmae El Maangar"},{"name":"Clément Fleury"},{"name":"Stéphane Pellet-Rostaing"},{"name":"Thomas Zemb"}],"abstract":"We show hereby that recycling of NdFeB permanent magnets by selective leaching and precipitation is possible, using an electrolyte as hydrotrope, thus avoiding the need of any specific extractant molecules. We analyse the yield of the extractant-free process and show that the non toxic formulation of Sodium Salicylate and ethylacetate used as diluent and choosing the optimal tie-line in a ternary phase diagram allows extraction using any type of acid in the aqueous phase. Iron is well separated from rare earths and the product can be recovered directly form the fluid used in separation by oxalic acid precipitation.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Technology","Chemical technology"],"doi":"10.3389/fceng.2024.1420008","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2024.1420008/full","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"arxiv_2406.04710","title":"Morescient GAI for Software Engineering (Extended Version)","authors":[{"name":"Marcus Kessel"},{"name":"Colin Atkinson"}],"abstract":"The ability of Generative AI (GAI) technology to automatically check, synthesize and modify software engineering artifacts promises to revolutionize all aspects of software engineering. Using GAI for software engineering tasks is consequently one of the most rapidly expanding fields of software engineering research, with over a hundred LLM-based code models having been published since 2021. However, the overwhelming majority of existing code models share a major weakness - they are exclusively trained on the syntactic facet of software, significantly lowering their trustworthiness in tasks dependent on software semantics. To address this problem, a new class of \"Morescient\" GAI is needed that is \"aware\" of (i.e., trained on) both the semantic and static facets of software. This, in turn, will require a new generation of software observation platforms capable of generating large quantities of execution observations in a structured and readily analyzable way. In this paper, we present a vision and roadmap for how such \"Morescient\" GAI models can be engineered, evolved and disseminated according to the principles of open science.","source":"arXiv","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.SE","cs.AI"],"doi":"10.1145/3709354","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.04710","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2406.04710","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2024-06-07T07:38:33Z","score":68},{"id":"arxiv_2405.11752","title":"Towards Foundation Model for Chemical Reactor Modeling: Meta-Learning with Physics-Informed Adaptation","authors":[{"name":"Zihao Wang"},{"name":"Zhe Wu"}],"abstract":"Developing accurate models for chemical reactors is often challenging due to the complexity of reaction kinetics and process dynamics. Traditional approaches require retraining models for each new system, limiting generalizability and efficiency. In this work, we take a step toward foundation models for chemical reactor modeling by introducing a neural network framework that generalizes across diverse reactor types and rapidly adapts to new chemical processes. Our approach leverages meta-learning to pretrain the model on a broad set of reactor dynamics, enabling efficient adaptation to unseen reactions with minimal data. To further enhance generalizability, we incorporate physics-informed fine-tuning, ensuring physically consistent adaptation to new reactor conditions. Our framework is evaluated across three integer-order fundamental reactor types - continuous stirred tank reactors, batch reactors, and plug flow reactors - demonstrating superior few-shot adaptation compared to conventional data-driven, physics-informed, and transfer learning approaches. By combining meta-learning with physics-informed adaptation, this work lays the foundation for a generalizable modeling framework, advancing the development of foundation models for chemical engineering applications. Source code is available at https://github.com/killingbear999/chemical-reactor-foundation-model.","source":"arXiv","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.CE","cs.LG"],"doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.05.015","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.11752","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2405.11752","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2024-05-20T03:26:58Z","score":68},{"id":"arxiv_2406.04780","title":"Software Engineering for Collective Cyber-Physical Ecosystems","authors":[{"name":"Roberto Casadei"},{"name":"Gianluca Aguzzi"},{"name":"Giorgio Audrito"},{"name":"Ferruccio Damiani"},{"name":"Danilo Pianini"},{"name":"Giordano Scarso"},{"name":"Gianluca Torta"},{"name":"Mirko Viroli"}],"abstract":"Today's distributed and pervasive computing addresses large-scale cyber-physical ecosystems, characterised by dense and large networks of devices capable of computation, communication and interaction with the environment and people. While most research focusses on treating these systems as \"composites\" (i.e., heterogeneous functional complexes), recent developments in fields such as self-organising systems and swarm robotics have opened up a complementary perspective: treating systems as \"collectives\" (i.e., uniform, collaborative, and self-organising groups of entities). This article explores the motivations, state of the art, and implications of this \"collective computing paradigm\" in software engineering, discusses its peculiar challenges, and outlines a path for future research, touching on aspects such as macroprogramming, collective intelligence, self-adaptive middleware, learning, synthesis, and experimentation of collective behaviour.","source":"arXiv","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.SE","cs.AI","cs.DC","cs.MA","eess.SY"],"doi":"10.1145/3712004","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.04780","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2406.04780","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2024-06-07T09:28:22Z","score":68},{"id":"arxiv_2406.07737","title":"The Future of AI-Driven Software Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Valerio Terragni"},{"name":"Annie Vella"},{"name":"Partha Roop"},{"name":"Kelly Blincoe"}],"abstract":"A paradigm shift is underway in Software Engineering, with AI systems such as LLMs playing an increasingly important role in boosting software development productivity. This trend is anticipated to persist. In the next years, we expect a growing symbiotic partnership between human software developers and AI. The Software Engineering research community cannot afford to overlook this trend; we must address the key research challenges posed by the integration of AI into the software development process. In this paper, we present our vision of the future of software development in an AI-driven world and explore the key challenges that our research community should address to realize this vision.","source":"arXiv","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.SE","cs.AI","cs.LG","cs.PL"],"doi":"10.1145/3715003","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.07737","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2406.07737","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2024-06-11T21:46:19Z","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18209","title":"Impact of solvents on doctor blade coatings and bathocuproine cathode interlayer for large-area organic solar cell modules","authors":[{"name":"Soonil Hong"},{"name":"Byoungwook Park"},{"name":"Chandran Balamurugan"},{"name":"Jinho Lee"},{"name":"Sooncheol Kwon"}],"abstract":"Efforts to commercialize organic solar cells (OSCs) by developing roll-to-roll compatible modules have encountered challenges in optimizing printing processes to attain laboratory-level performance in fully printable OSC architectures. In this study, we present efficient OSC modules fabricated solely through printing methods. We systematically evaluated the impact of processing solvents on the morphology of crucial layers, such as the hole transport, photoactive, and electron transport layers, applied using the doctor blade coating method, with a particular focus on processability. Notably, deposition of charge transport layer using printing techniques is still a challenging task, mainly due to the hydrophobic characteristic of the organic photoactive layer. To overcome this issue, we investigated the solvent effect of a well-studied cathode interlayer, bathocuproine (BCP). We were able to form a uniform thin BCP film (∼10 nm) on a non-fullerene based organic photoactive layer using the doctor bladed coating method. Our results showed that the use of volatile alcohols in the BCP processing required a delicate balance between wettability and vaporization, which contrasted with the results for spin-coated films. These findings provide important insights into improving the efficiency of printing techniques for depositing charge transport layers. The fully printed OSC modules, featuring uniform and continuous BCP layer formation, achieved an impressive power conversion efficiency of 10.8% with a total area of 10.0 cm2 and a geometrical fill factor of 86.5%.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Science (General)","Social sciences (General)"],"doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18209","url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023054178","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/molecules28062443","title":"Structural Features Promoting Photocatalytic Degradation of Contaminants of Emerging Concern: Insights into Degradation Mechanism Employing QSA/PR Modeling","authors":[{"name":"Antonija Tomic"},{"name":"Marin Kovacic"},{"name":"Hrvoje Kusic"},{"name":"Panaghiotis Karamanis"},{"name":"Bakhtiyor Rasulev"},{"name":"Ana Loncaric Bozic"}],"abstract":"Although heterogeneous photocatalysis has shown promising results in degradation of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), the mechanistic implications related to structural diversity of chemicals, affecting oxidative (by HO•) or reductive (by O\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e•\u003csup\u003e−\u003c/sup\u003e) degradation pathways are still scarce. In this study, the degradation extents and rates of selected organics in the absence and presence of common scavengers for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during photocatalytic treatment were determined. The obtained values were then brought into correlation as \u003ci\u003eK\u003c/i\u003e coefficients (\u003cinline-formula\u003e\u003cmath xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"\u003e\u003csemantics\u003e\u003cmrow\u003e\u003cmsub\u003e\u003cmi\u003eM\u003c/mi\u003e\u003cmrow\u003e\u003cmi\u003eHO\u003c/mi\u003e\u003cmo\u003e•\u003c/mo\u003e\u003c/mrow\u003e\u003c/msub\u003e\u003c/mrow\u003e\u003c/semantics\u003e\u003c/math\u003e\u003c/inline-formula\u003e/\u003cinline-formula\u003e\u003cmath xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"\u003e\u003csemantics\u003e\u003cmrow\u003e\u003cmsub\u003e\u003cmi\u003eM\u003c/mi\u003e\u003cmrow\u003e\u003cmsub\u003e\u003cmi mathvariant=\"normal\"\u003eO\u003c/mi\u003e\u003cmn\u003e2\u003c/mn\u003e\u003c/msub\u003e\u003cmsup\u003e\u003cmo\u003e•\u003c/mo\u003e\u003cmo\u003e−\u003c/mo\u003e\u003c/msup\u003e\u003c/mrow\u003e\u003c/msub\u003e\u003c/mrow\u003e\u003c/semantics\u003e\u003c/math\u003e\u003c/inline-formula\u003e), denoting the ratio of organics degraded by two occurring mechanisms: oxidation and reduction via HO• and O\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e•\u003csup\u003e−\u003c/sup\u003e. The compounds possessing \u003ci\u003eK\u003c/i\u003e \u003e\u003e 1 favor oxidative degradation over HO•, and vice versa for reductive degradation (i.e., if \u003ci\u003eK\u003c/i\u003e \u003c\u003c 1 compounds undergo reductive reactions driven by O\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e•\u003csup\u003e−\u003c/sup\u003e). Such empirical values were brought into correlation with structural features of CECs, represented by molecular descriptors, employing a quantitative structure activity/property relationship (QSA/PR) modeling. The functional stability and predictive power of the resulting QSA/PR model was confirmed by internal and external cross-validation. The most influential descriptors were found to be the size of the molecule and presence/absence of particular molecular fragments such as C − O and C − Cl bonds; the latter favors HO•-driven reaction, while the former the reductive pathway. The developed QSA/PR models can be considered robust predictive tools for evaluating distribution between degradation mechanisms occurring in photocatalytic treatment.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Organic chemistry"],"doi":"10.3390/molecules28062443","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/6/2443","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.1016/j.apsadv.2022.100358","title":"Rapid fabrication of CuMoO4 nanocomposites via electric field assisted pulsed-laser ablation in liquids for electrochemical hydrogen generation","authors":[{"name":"Chaudry Sajed Saraj"},{"name":"Subhash C. Singh"},{"name":"Gopal Verma"},{"name":"Amged Alquliah"},{"name":"Wei Li"},{"name":"Chunlei Guo"}],"abstract":"Transition–metal-doped electrocatalysts are considered as low-cost alternatives of Pt and RuO2 electrocatalysts for large scale electrochemical generations of hydrogen and oxygen, respectively. Although, chemical synthesis, typically adopted to produce these electrocatalysts, is scalable but hazardous by-products and chemical wastes create growing environmental concerns. Here, we developed a single step, single pot, and environmentally friendly physical approach of electric field-assisted pulsed laser ablation in liquid for the synthesis of colloidal solution of pure CuMoO4 (CMO) electrocatalysts. The entire process took few minutes and did not involve or generate any chemical. A pulsed picosecond laser was used to ablate MoS2 target at the solid-liquid interface to generate spatially confined plasma plume. Two parallel electrodes (copper sheets) were mounted around the plasma plume to modulate the plasma parameters, control the reactions at the plasma-liquid interface, and simultaneously inject copper ions from the electrode to the laser-produced plasma (LPP) for the generation of CMO. nanoparticles. Surprisingly, we observed that by varying the applied electric field, we can efficiently control the size, shape, crystallinity, morphology, and composition of as produced CMO nanocomposites and enhance their hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance. The characterization results proves that the introduction of applied electric field during the laser ablation process significantly change the morphology of as-prepared nanomaterials, and the shape of these nanomaterials were spherical, spindle and cuboid for MoS2, CuO and CMO respectively. Among all the fabricated electrocatalysts, CMO-60 is the best HER performer in alkaline medium, while MoS2 and CuO nanoparticles were the worse. For CMO-60 sample, only 440 mV overpotential required to reach the current density of 10 mA/cm2 and as well as posess good stability. We found that electrocatalysts produced at a higher electric field have higher contents of copper and oxygen leading to a superior HER activity. The developed approach can be applied for the synthesis of other electrocatalysts for a range of chemical reactions.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials","Industrial electrochemistry"],"doi":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2022.100358","url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666523922001489","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.1038/s41545-023-00234-0","title":"Towards the technological maturity of membrane distillation: the MD module performance curve","authors":[{"name":"Pablo López-Porfiri"},{"name":"Sebastián Ramos-Paredes"},{"name":"Patricio Núñez"},{"name":"Patricia Gorgojo"}],"abstract":"Abstract Membrane distillation (MD) is constantly acknowledged in the research literature as a promising technology for the future of desalination, with an increasing number of studies reported year after year. However, real MD applications still lag behind with only a few pilot-plant tests worldwide. The lack of technology transfer from academia to industry is caused by important gaps between its fundamental basis and the process design. Herein, we explore critical disconnections by conducting coupled mass and heat transfer modeling and MD simulations; we use well-known MD mass and heat transfer equations to model and simulate flux over a typical MD membrane for different geometries, areas, and operational conditions in direct contact configuration. From the analysis of the results, we propose research guidelines and process development strategies, and construct an MD module performance curve. From this graph, permeate flow rate, thermal energy consumption and outlet temperatures can be determined for given feed inlet conditions (temperature and concentration). Comprehensive tools such as this MD module curve and good communication between membrane developers and process engineers are required to accelerate the process of bringing the MD technology from a still-emerging status to a maturity level.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes"],"doi":"10.1038/s41545-023-00234-0","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-023-00234-0","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/molecules28072927","title":"Palladium-Catalyzed Stereoselective Construction of 1,3-Stereocenters Displaying Axial and Central Chirality via Asymmetric Alkylations","authors":[{"name":"Aiqi Xue"},{"name":"Xingfu Wei"},{"name":"Yue Huang"},{"name":"Jingping Qu"},{"name":"Baomin Wang"}],"abstract":"The concurrent construction of 1,3-stereocenters remains a challenge. Herein, we report the development of stereoselective union of a point chiral center with allenyl axial chirality in 1,3-position by Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allenylic alkylation between racemic allenyl carbonates and indanone-derived β-ketoesters. Various target products bearing a broad range of functional groups were afforded in high yield (up to 99%) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee) and good diastereoselectivities (up to 13:1 dr).","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Organic chemistry"],"doi":"10.3390/molecules28072927","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/7/2927","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"arxiv_2308.05381","title":"An Exploratory Study of V-Model in Building ML-Enabled Software: A Systems Engineering Perspective","authors":[{"name":"Jie JW Wu"}],"abstract":"Machine learning (ML) components are being added to more and more critical and impactful software systems, but the software development process of real-world production systems from prototyped ML models remains challenging with additional complexity and interdisciplinary collaboration challenges. This poses difficulties in using traditional software lifecycle models such as waterfall, spiral, or agile models when building ML-enabled systems. In this research, we apply a Systems Engineering lens to investigate the use of V-Model in addressing the interdisciplinary collaboration challenges when building ML-enabled systems. By interviewing practitioners from software companies, we established a set of 8 propositions for using V-Model to manage interdisciplinary collaborations when building products with ML components. Based on the propositions, we found that despite requiring additional efforts, the characteristics of V-Model align effectively with several collaboration challenges encountered by practitioners when building ML-enabled systems. We recommend future research to investigate new process models, frameworks and tools that leverage the characteristics of V-Model such as the system decomposition, clear system boundary, and consistency of Validation \u0026 Verification (V\u0026V) for building ML-enabled systems.","source":"arXiv","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.SE"],"doi":"10.1145/3644815.3644951","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.05381","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2308.05381","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2023-08-10T06:53:32Z","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/fermentation8010028","title":"Anaerobic Digestion, Codigestion of Food Waste, and Chicken Dung: Correlation of Kinetic Parameters with Digester Performance and On-Farm Electrical Energy Generation Potential","authors":[{"name":"Khairina Jaman"},{"name":"Nurjannah Amir"},{"name":"Mohammed Ali Musa"},{"name":"Afifi Zainal"},{"name":"Liyana Yahya"},{"name":"Abdul Malek Abdul Wahab"},{"name":"Sri Suhartini"},{"name":"Tuan Nurfarhana Tuan Mohd Marzuki"},{"name":"Razif Harun"},{"name":"Syazwani Idrus"}],"abstract":"Valorization of agro-food waste through anaerobic digestion (AD) is gaining prominence as alternative method of waste minimization and renewable energy production. The aim of this study was to identify the key parameters for digester performance subjected to kinetic study and semicontinuous operation. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests were conducted in two different operating conditions: without mixing (WM) and continuous mixing (CM). Three different substrates, including food waste (FW), chicken dung (CD), and codigestion of FW and CD (FWCD) were used. Further kinetic evaluation was performed to identify mixing’s effect on kinetic parameters and correlation of the kinetic parameters with digester performance (volatile solid removal (VS%) and specific methane production (SMP)). The four models applied were: modified Gompertz, logistic, first-order, and Monod. It was found that the CM mode revealed higher values of Rm and k as compared to the WM mode, and the trend was consistently observed in the modified Gompertz model. Nonetheless, the logistic model demonstrated good correlation of kinetic parameters with VS% and SMP. In the continuous systems, the optimum OLR was recorded at 4, 5, and 7 g VS/L/d for FW, CD, and FWCD respectively. Therefore, it was deduced that codigestion significantly improved digester performance. Electrical energy generation at the laboratory scale was 0.002, 0.003, and 0.006 kWh for the FW, CD, and FWCD substrates, respectively. Thus, projected electrical energy generation at the on-farm scale was 372 kWh, 382 kWh, and 518 kWh per day, respectively. Hence, the output could be used as a precursor for large-scale digester-system optimization.","source":"DOAJ","year":2022,"language":"","subjects":["Fermentation industries. Beverages. Alcohol"],"doi":"10.3390/fermentation8010028","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/8/1/28","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66},{"id":"arxiv_2204.06033","title":"Text and Team: What Article Metadata Characteristics Drive Citations in Software Engineering?","authors":[{"name":"Lorenz Graf-Vlachy"},{"name":"Daniel Graziotin"},{"name":"Stefan Wagner"}],"abstract":"Context: Citations are a key measure of scientific performance in most fields, including software engineering. However, there is limited research that studies which characteristics of articles' metadata (title, abstract, keywords, and author list) are driving citations in this field. Objective: In this study, we propose a simple theoretical model for how citations come to be with respect to article metadata, we hypothesize theoretical linkages between metadata characteristics and citations of articles, and we empirically test these hypotheses. Method: We use multiple regression analyses to examine a data set comprising the titles, abstracts, keywords, and authors of 16,131 software engineering articles published between 1990 and 2020 in 20 highly influential software engineering venues. Results: We find that number of authors, number of keywords, number of question marks and dividers in the title, number of acronyms, abstract length, abstract propositional idea density, and corresponding authors in the core Anglosphere are significantly related to citations. Conclusion: Various characteristics of articles' metadata are linked to the frequency with which the corresponding articles are cited. These results partially confirm and partially go counter to prior findings in software engineering and other disciplines.","source":"arXiv","year":2022,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.SE"],"doi":"10.1145/3530019.3530022","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.06033","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.06033","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2022-04-12T18:39:11Z","score":66},{"id":"doaj_10.9767/bcrec.16.3.10313.588-600","title":"The Effect of Time on the Activation of Bayah Natural Zeolite for Application of Palm Oil Shell Pyrolysis","authors":[{"name":"Endang Suhendi"},{"name":"Teguh Kurniawan"},{"name":"Adian Yoga Pradana"},{"name":"Vicky Zayan Giffari"}],"abstract":"Oil palm shell (OPS) constitutes 60% of the waste generated during the processing of palm oil. However, OPS can potentially be converted into energy and chemicals through pyrolysis. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyse the effect of acid treatment time on the characteristics of natural zeolites, which were then applied to oil palm shell pyrolysis. The effect of the acid treatment time on the products of the pyrolysis was also studied. The acid treatment time was varied: 1, 3, and 5 hours. The crystallinity of the natural zeolites was determined by       X-ray diffraction (XRD). Solid, liquid and gaseous pyrolysis products were observed. Proximate, ultimate, and heat analysis were performed on the solid product. The liquid product was characterised using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Gas Chromatography (GC) was performed to analyse the composition of the gases produced. The results obtained from this study indicate that longer reflux times reduced the crystallinity of the zeolites. The addition of the zeolite catalysts increased the liquid products of pyrolysis from 24.5 wt% over the parent to 24.6–37.1 wt% over the acid-treated natural zeolites. The reduction of oxygenated compounds in bio-oil was observed in the amount of acetic acid and acetone produced. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA   License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).","source":"DOAJ","year":2021,"language":"","subjects":["Chemical engineering"],"doi":"10.9767/bcrec.16.3.10313.588-600","url":"https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/10313","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65}],"total":8394176,"page":1,"page_size":20,"sources":["DOAJ","arXiv","CrossRef"],"query":"Chemical engineering"}