{"results":[{"id":"ss_7d1e59ce254bea5228da634dbe7c5c4160df6f98","title":"Transfer learning enables predictions in network biology","authors":[{"name":"Christina V. Theodoris"},{"name":"Ling Xiao"},{"name":"Anant Chopra"},{"name":"M. Chaffin"},{"name":"Z. A. Al Sayed"},{"name":"M. Hill"},{"name":"Helene Mantineo"},{"name":"Elizabeth M Brydon"},{"name":"Zexian Zeng"},{"name":"X. S. Liu"},{"name":"P. Ellinor"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1038/s41586-023-06139-9","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7d1e59ce254bea5228da634dbe7c5c4160df6f98","pdf_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10949956","is_open_access":true,"citations":872,"published_at":"","score":93.16},{"id":"ss_0c08a4c2a5669b62ea7369a7089a7a4604ea371a","title":"How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking-Attributable Disease: A Report of the Surgeon General","authors":[{"name":"Office on Smoking"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2010,"language":"en","subjects":["Biology","Medicine"],"url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0c08a4c2a5669b62ea7369a7089a7a4604ea371a","is_open_access":true,"citations":2014,"published_at":"","score":84},{"id":"ss_2943c165f95fecb7a4f6ae37703a11697962f4be","title":"A General Model for the Origin of Allometric Scaling Laws in Biology","authors":[{"name":"Geoffrey B. West"},{"name":"James H. Brown"},{"name":"B. Enquist"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":1997,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1126/SCIENCE.276.5309.122","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2943c165f95fecb7a4f6ae37703a11697962f4be","is_open_access":true,"citations":4738,"published_at":"","score":80},{"id":"ss_383cc4624ab62b85df07720c452bcf41b252b18a","title":"A General Introduction to Glucocorticoid Biology","authors":[{"name":"S. Timmermans"},{"name":"Jolien Souffriau"},{"name":"C. Libert"}],"abstract":"Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones widely used for the treatment of inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. To exert their broad physiological and therapeutic effects, GCs bind to the GC receptor (GR) which belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors. Despite their success, GCs are hindered by the occurrence of side effects and glucocorticoid resistance (GCR). Increased knowledge on GC and GR biology together with a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the GC side effects and GCR are necessary for improved GC therapy development. We here provide a general overview on the current insights in GC biology with a focus on GC synthesis, regulation and physiology, role in inflammation inhibition, and on GR function and plasticity. Furthermore, novel and selective therapeutic strategies are proposed based on recently recognized distinct molecular mechanisms of the GR. We will explain the SEDIGRAM concept, which was launched based on our research results.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2019,"language":"en","subjects":["Biology","Medicine"],"doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2019.01545","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/383cc4624ab62b85df07720c452bcf41b252b18a","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01545/pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":472,"published_at":"","score":77.16},{"id":"ss_8320a809041495c4c8b7757b329ea4e46b34abea","title":"Toll-Like Receptors: General Molecular and Structural Biology","authors":[{"name":"P. Behzadi"},{"name":"H. García‐Perdomo"},{"name":"T. Karpiński"}],"abstract":"Background/Aim Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pivotal biomolecules in the immune system. Today, we are all aware of the importance of TLRs in bridging innate and adaptive immune system to each other. The TLRs are activated through binding to damage/danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), microbial/microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and xenobiotic-associated molecular patterns (XAMPs). The immunogenetic molecules of TLRs have their own functions, structures, coreceptors, and ligands which make them unique. These properties of TLRs give us an opportunity to find out how we can employ this knowledge for ligand-drug discovery strategies to control TLRs functions and contribution, signaling pathways, and indirect activities. Hence, the authors of this paper have a deep observation on the molecular and structural biology of human TLRs (hTLRs). Methods and Materials To prepare this paper and fulfill our goals, different search engines (e.g., GOOGLE SCHOLAR), Databases (e.g., MEDLINE), and websites (e.g., SCOPUS) were recruited to search and find effective papers and investigations. To reach this purpose, we tried with papers published in the English language with no limitation in time. The iCite bibliometrics was exploited to check the quality of the collected publications. Results Each TLR molecule has its own molecular and structural biology, coreceptor(s), and abilities which make them unique or a complementary portion of the others. These immunogenetic molecules have remarkable roles and are much more important in different sections of immune and nonimmune systems rather than that we understand to date. Conclusion TLRs are suitable targets for ligand-drug discovery strategies to establish new therapeutics in the fields of infectious and autoimmune diseases, cancers, and other inflammatory diseases and disorders.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1155/2021/9914854","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8320a809041495c4c8b7757b329ea4e46b34abea","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jir/2021/9914854.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":204,"published_at":"","score":71.12},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/biology15040296","title":"Transcription of the Extensively Fragmented Mitochondrial Genomes of Human Lice","authors":[{"name":"Emily Dunn"},{"name":"Renfu Shao"}],"abstract":"The mitochondrial (mt) genomes of animals, including humans, are typically a single circular chromosome containing all mt genes. In several animal lineages, however, mt genomes have become fragmented, with genes distributed on multiple minichromosomes. How fragmented mt genomes are transcribed is still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the transcription of the extensively fragmented mt genomes of the human head louse (\u003ci\u003ePediculus humanus capitis\u003c/i\u003e) and the human body louse (\u003ci\u003ePediculus humanus corporis\u003c/i\u003e). RNA-seq reads of both subspecies were retrieved from the NCBI Sequence Read Archive database and mapped to their mt genomes. The transcription level of each mt gene, minichromosome, motif, coding region and non-coding region, measured by RPKM (Reads Per Kilobase of transcript per Million mapped reads), TPM (Transcripts Per Million) or read coverage, was analysed statistically. In both subspecies, mt minichromosomes were transcribed entirely, with coding regions transcribed at much higher levels than non-coding regions. The 37 mt genes are transcribed unevenly, with \u003ci\u003errnL\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003ecox1\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003ecox2\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003ecox3\u003c/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eatp6\u003c/i\u003e transcribed at significantly higher levels than several other genes. Many transcription events terminate near a GC-rich motif in the non-coding regions; however, some transcription events pass this motif, leading to the transcription of entire non-coding regions. Despite the drastic difference in mt genome organisation, the human lice share several transcriptional features with humans, but also have unique features related to their fragmented mt genome organisation. The current study represents the first effort into the transcription of fragmented mt genomes. As more RNA-seq data become available, further studies on other animals with fragmented mt genomes are necessary to fully understand how genome fragmentation affects transcription.","source":"DOAJ","year":2026,"language":"","subjects":["Biology (General)"],"doi":"10.3390/biology15040296","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/15/4/296","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":70},{"id":"doaj_10.17179/excli2024-7998","title":"Phyto-derived interferons: a promising frontier in antiviral therapy development","authors":[{"name":"Baskar Venkidasamy"},{"name":"Ashok Kumar  Balaraman"},{"name":"Muthu Thiruvengadan"}],"abstract":"","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens","Biology (General)"],"doi":"10.17179/excli2024-7998","url":"https://www.excli.de/excli/article/view/7998","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.4103/aihb.aihb_128_24","title":"Comparative Analysis of Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Root Proximity to the Mandibular Canal using Orthopantomography and Cone-beam Computed Tomography Imaging Modalities: A Pilot Study","authors":[{"name":"Jigar Joshi"},{"name":"Bhavin Dudhia"},{"name":"Dhaval Mehta"},{"name":"Niral Thaker"},{"name":"Hitesh Patel"}],"abstract":"Introduction:\nFully detect risks of nerve damage, which can lead to temporary or permanent issues. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) offers a three-dimensional (3D) view, providing more detailed visualisation of anatomical structures and their spatial relationships, which improves the accuracy of predicting nerve exposure. The study aims to evaluate and compare these imaging techniques’ effectiveness in categorising the relationship between third molars and the inferior alveolar canal, emphasising the importance of precise imaging for safer surgical outcomes.\nMaterials and Methods:\nA pilot study involving 20 patients, representing 10% of the total sample size of 200, was conducted at Ahmedabad Dental College’s Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology. Investigators, trained to interpret radiological images from orthopantomography (OPG) and CBCT, compared their interpretations with those of two experts. A high inter-rater reliability was confirmed with a kappa statistic of 0.98. Following ethical approval, data were retrospectively collected from 20 cases, with digital OPG and CBCT images analysed and classified according to established criteria.\nResults:\nThe results revealed a significant association between the results diagnosed through OPG and CBCT indicating similarity in their diagnosis. It was also seen that there was no bias towards the gender and the distribution was similar in case of diagnosis through OPG or CBCT.\nConclusion:\nCBCT demands an in-depth understanding of anatomy and pathology, coupled with proficiency in operating imaging software and the ability to identify abnormalities in cross-sectional images. When executed and interpreted accurately, CBCT proves to be an exceptionally valuable tool in clinical dental practice. Its detailed 3D imaging capabilities enhance the assessment of complex cases, such as those involving intricate anatomical structures and pathologies. By providing comprehensive views that surpass traditional two-dimensional imaging, CBCT aids in precise diagnosis and treatment planning, making it an indispensable resource for addressing various dental conditions effectively.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Biology (General)"],"doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_128_24","url":"https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/aihb.aihb_128_24","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"ss_12deaacebc7feddff4eb6d32cb29c2127d6278d8","title":"A general theory for temperature dependence in biology","authors":[{"name":"José Ignacio Arroyo"},{"name":"B. Díez"},{"name":"Christopher P. Kempes"},{"name":"Geoffrey B. West"},{"name":"P. Marquet"}],"abstract":"Significance One of the most fundamental physical constraints on living systems is temperature. Despite its importance, a simple, mechanistic, and general theory that fully predicts the response to temperature across all scales has not yet been derived. Here we develop such a theory based on the fundamental chemical kinetics and statistical physics governing the biochemical reactions that support life. Our mathematical framework includes an explanation for why temperature response curves have a maximum or minimum value and the derivation of a single universal curve onto which data for the temperature dependence of diverse biological quantities covering all levels of organization, collapse. The theory has multiple potential applications including predicting responses to global warming, yields of industrial processes, and epidemic outbreaks.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2022,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1073/pnas.2119872119","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/12deaacebc7feddff4eb6d32cb29c2127d6278d8","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2119872119","is_open_access":true,"citations":79,"published_at":"","score":68.37},{"id":"doaj_10.1002/agt2.640","title":"Microenvironment‐adaptive nanodecoy synergizes bacterial eradication, inflammation alleviation, and immunomodulation in promoting biofilm‐associated diabetic chronic wound healing cascade","authors":[{"name":"Lei Chen"},{"name":"Mengna Peng"},{"name":"Wei He"},{"name":"Xiaoli Hu"},{"name":"Jian Xiao"},{"name":"Linqi Shi"},{"name":"Yong Liu"},{"name":"Yuanfeng Li"}],"abstract":"Abstract The presence of bacterial biofilms and the occurrence of excessive inflammatory response greatly imped the healing process of chronic wounds in diabetic patients. However, effective strategies to simultaneously address these issues are still lacking. Here, a microenvironment‐adaptive nanodecoy (GC@Pd) is constructed via the coordination and in situ reduction of palladium ions on gallic acid‐modified chitosan (GC) to promote wound healing by synergistic biofilm eradication, inflammation alleviation, and immunoregulation. During the weakly acidic conditions of the biofilm infection stage, GC@Pd serves as a nanodecoy to induce bacterial aggregation. Subsequently, through its oxidase‐like activity generating reactive oxygen species and the hyperthermia from photothermal effects, it effectively eliminates the biofilm. As the local microenvironment of diabetic wounds transitions to an alkaline inflammatory state, the enzyme‐like activity of GC@Pd adapts to catalase‐like activity, effectively eliminating reactive oxygen species at the site of inflammation. Additionally, GC@Pd could selectively capture pro‐inflammatory cytokines through Michael addition reactions. In vivo experiments and transcriptomic analysis confirmed that GC@Pd could accelerate the wound transition from inflammatory to proliferative phase by eliminating biofilm infection and reducing the inflammatory response, thus promoting diabetic chronic wound healing. The nanodecoy provides a potential therapeutic strategy for treating biofilm‐infected diabetic chronic wounds.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Chemistry","Biology (General)"],"doi":"10.1002/agt2.640","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.640","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/app14010442","title":"Potential of Radioactive Isotopes Production in DEMO for Commercial Use","authors":[{"name":"Pavel Pereslavtsev"},{"name":"Christian Bachmann"},{"name":"Joelle Elbez-Uzan"},{"name":"Jin Hun Park"}],"abstract":"There is widespread use of nuclear radiation for medical imagery and treatments. Worldwide, almost 40 million treatments are performed per year. There are also applications of radiation sources in other commercial fields, e.g., for weld inspection or steelmaking processes, in consumer products, in the food industry, and in agriculture. The large number of neutrons generated in a fusion reactor such as DEMO could potentially contribute to the production of the required radioactive isotopes. The associated commercial value of these isotopes could mitigate the capital investments and operating costs of a large fusion plant. The potential of producing various radioactive isotopes was studied from material pieces arranged inside a DEMO equatorial port plug. In this location, they are exposed to an intensive neutron spectrum suitable for a high isotope production rate. For this purpose, the full 3D geometry of one DEMO toroidal sector with an irradiation chamber in the equatorial port plug was modeled with an MCNP code to perform neutron transport simulations. Subsequent activation calculations provide detailed information on the quality and composition of the produced radioactive isotopes. The technical feasibility and the commercial potential of the production of various isotopes in the DEMO port are reported.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Technology","Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)","Biology (General)","Physics","Chemistry"],"doi":"10.3390/app14010442","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/1/442","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/app14041386","title":"Integrating Merkle Trees with Transformer Networks for Secure Financial Computation","authors":[{"name":"Xinyue Wang"},{"name":"Weifan Lin"},{"name":"Weiting Zhang"},{"name":"Yiwen Huang"},{"name":"Zeyu Li"},{"name":"Qian Liu"},{"name":"Xinze Yang"},{"name":"Yifan Yao"},{"name":"Chunli Lv"}],"abstract":"In this paper, the Merkle-Transformer model is introduced as an innovative approach designed for financial data processing, which combines the data integrity verification mechanism of Merkle trees with the data processing capabilities of the Transformer model. A series of experiments on key tasks, such as financial behavior detection and stock price prediction, were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the model. The results demonstrate that the Merkle-Transformer significantly outperforms existing deep learning models (such as RoBERTa and BERT) across performance metrics, including precision, recall, accuracy, and F1 score. In particular, in the task of stock price prediction, the performance is notable, with nearly all evaluation metrics scoring above 0.9. Moreover, the performance of the model across various hardware platforms, as well as the security performance of the proposed method, were investigated. The Merkle-Transformer exhibits exceptional performance and robust data security even in resource-constrained environments across diverse hardware configurations. This research offers a new perspective, underscoring the importance of considering data security in financial data processing and confirming the superiority of integrating data verification mechanisms in deep learning models for handling financial data. The core contribution of this work is the first proposition and empirical demonstration of a financial data analysis model that fuses data integrity verification with efficient data processing, providing a novel solution for the fintech domain. It is believed that the widespread adoption and application of the Merkle-Transformer model will greatly advance innovation in the financial industry and lay a solid foundation for future research on secure financial data processing.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Technology","Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)","Biology (General)","Physics","Chemistry"],"doi":"10.3390/app14041386","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/4/1386","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.15698/mic2023.06.797","title":"TL-532, a novel specific Toll-like receptor 3 agonist rationally designed for targeting cancers: discovery process and biological characterization","authors":[{"name":"Sylvain Thierry"},{"name":"Sarah Maadadi"},{"name":"Aurore Berton"},{"name":"Laura Dimier"},{"name":"Clémence Perret"},{"name":"Nelly Vey"},{"name":"Saïd Ourfali"},{"name":"Mathilde Saccas"},{"name":"Solène Caron"},{"name":"Mathilde Boucard-Jourdin"},{"name":"Marc Colombel"},{"name":"Bettina Werle"},{"name":"Marc Bonnin"}],"abstract":"Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is an innate immune receptor that recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and induces inflammation in immune and normal cells to initiate anti-microbial responses. TLR3 acts also as a death receptor only in cancer cells but not in their normal counterparts, making it an attractive target for cancer therapies. To date, all of the TLR3-activating dsRNAs used at preclinical or clinical stages have major drawbacks such as structural heterogeneity, toxicity, and lack of specificity and/or efficacy. We conducted the discovery process of a new family of TLR3 agonists that are chemically manufactured on solid-phase support and perfectly defined in terms of sequence and size. A stepwise discovery process was performed leading to the identification of TL-532, a 70 base pair dsRNA that is potent without transfection reagent and is highly specific for TLR3 without activating other innate nucleic sensors such as RIG-I/MDA5, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9. TL-532 induces inflammation in murine RAW264.7 myeloid macrophages, in human NCI-H292 lung cancer cells, and it promotes immunogenic apoptosis in tumor cells in vitro and ex vivo without toxicity towards normal primary cells. In conclusion, we identified a novel TLR3 agonist called TL-532 that has promising anticancer properties.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Biology (General)"],"doi":"10.15698/mic2023.06.797","url":"http://microbialcell.com/researcharticles/2023a-thierry-microbial-cell/","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/cells11193007","title":"Hypoxia-Inducible Expression of Annexin A6 Enhances the Resistance of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells to EGFR and AR Antagonists","authors":[{"name":"Stephen D. Williams"},{"name":"Tunde M. Smith"},{"name":"LaMonica V. Stewart"},{"name":"Amos M. Sakwe"}],"abstract":"Physiological changes such as hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment (TME) endow cancer cells with malignant properties, leading to tumor recurrence and rapid progression. Here, we assessed the effect of hypoxia (1% Oxygen) on the tumor suppressor Annexin A6 (AnxA6) and the response of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and androgen receptor (AR) targeted therapies. We demonstrate that brief exposure of TNBC cells to hypoxia (within 24 h) is associated with down regulation of AnxA6 while \u003e 24 h exposure cell type dependently stimulated the expression of AnxA6. Hypoxia depicted by the expression and stability of HIF-1/2α led to up regulation of the HIF target genes \u003ci\u003eSLC2A1\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003ePGK1\u003c/i\u003e as well as AR and the AR target genes \u003ci\u003eFABP-4\u003c/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003ePPAR-γ\u003c/i\u003e, but the cellular levels of AnxA6 protein decreased under prolonged hypoxia. Down regulation of AnxA6 in TNBC cells inhibited, while AnxA6 over expression enhanced the expression and cellular levels of HIF-1/2α, \u003ci\u003eSLC2A1\u003c/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003ePGK1\u003c/i\u003e. RNAi mediated inhibition of hypoxia induced AnxA6 expression also strongly inhibited glucose uptake and ROS production in AnxA6 expressing TNBC cells. Using a luciferase reporter assay, we confirm that short-term exposure of cells to hypoxia inhibits while prolonged exposure of cells to hypoxia enhances AnxA6 promoter activity in HEK293T cells. Compared to cells cultured under normoxia, TNBC cells were more resistant to lapatinib under hypoxic conditions, and the downregulation of AnxA6 sensitized the cells to EGFR as well as AR antagonists. These data suggest that AnxA6 is a hypoxia inducible gene and that targeting AnxA6 upregulation may be beneficial in overcoming TNBC resistance to EGFR and/or AR targeted therapies.","source":"DOAJ","year":2022,"language":"","subjects":["Cytology"],"doi":"10.3390/cells11193007","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/19/3007","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/app12115513","title":"Application of Convolutional Neural Network for Fault Diagnosis of Bearing Scratch of an Induction Motor","authors":[{"name":"Shrinathan Esaki Muthu Pandara Kone"},{"name":"Kenichi Yatsugi"},{"name":"Yukio Mizuno"},{"name":"Hisahide Nakamura"}],"abstract":"The demand for the condition monitoring of induction motors is increasing in various fields, such as industry, transportation, and daily life. Bearing faults are the most common faults, and many fault diagnosis methods have been proposed using artificial pitting as the fault factor in most cases. However, the validity of a fault diagnosis method for other kinds of faults does not seem to be evaluated. Considering onsite scenarios and other possibilities of faults, this paper introduces scratches on the outer raceways of bearings. A study was performed on the detection of several kinds of bearing scratches using a proposed method that was based on an auto-tuning convolutional neural network. The developed approach was also compared with other diagnostic methods for validation. The results showed that the proposed technique provides the possibility of diagnosing several kinds of scratches with acceptable accuracy rates.","source":"DOAJ","year":2022,"language":"","subjects":["Technology","Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)","Biology (General)","Physics","Chemistry"],"doi":"10.3390/app12115513","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/11/5513","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66},{"id":"doaj_10.1002/ece3.8411","title":"Fishing, predation, and temperature drive herring decline in a large marine ecosystem","authors":[{"name":"Daniel G. Boyce"},{"name":"Brian Petrie"},{"name":"Kenneth T. Frank"}],"abstract":"Abstract Since 1960, landings of Atlantic herring have been the greatest of any marine species in Canada, surpassing Atlantic cod and accounting for 24% of the total seafood harvested in Atlantic Canada. The Scotian Shelf‐Bay of Fundy herring fisheries (NAFO Division 4VWX) is among Canada's oldest and drives this productivity, accounting for up to 75% of the total herring catch in some years. The stocks’ productivity and overall health have declined since 1965. Despite management measures to promote recovery implemented since 2003, biomass remains low and is declining. The factors that drive the productivity of 4VWX herring are primarily unresolved, likely impeding the effectiveness of management actions on this stock. We evaluated potential drivers of herring variability by analyzing 52 time‐series that describe the temporal and spatial evolution of the 4VWX herring population and the physical, ecological, and anthropogenic factors that could affect them using structural equation models. Variation in herring biomass was best accounted for by the exploitation rate's negative effect and the geographic distribution of fishing and recruitment. Thermal phenology and temperature adversely and egg predation positively impacted the early life stage mortality rate and, ultimately, adult biomass. These findings are broadly relevant to fisheries management, but particularly for 4VWX herring, where the current management approach does not consider their early life stage dynamics or assess them within the ecosystem or climate change contexts.","source":"DOAJ","year":2021,"language":"","subjects":["Ecology"],"doi":"10.1002/ece3.8411","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8411","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/app11198912","title":"A Double Sky-Hook Algorithm for Improving Road-Holding Property in Semi-Active Suspension Systems for Application to In-Wheel Motor","authors":[{"name":"Seunghoon Woo"},{"name":"Donghoon Shin"}],"abstract":"This paper presents a double sky-hook algorithm for controlling semi-active suspension systems in order to improve road-holding property for application in an in-wheel motor. The main disadvantage of the in-wheel motor is the increase in unsprung masses, which increases after shaking of the wheel, so it has poor road-holding that the conventional theoretical sky-hook algorithm cannot achieve. The double sky-hook algorithm uses a combination of damper coefficients, one from the chassis motion and the other from the wheel motion. Computer simulations using a quarter and full car dynamic models with the road conditions specified by ISO2631 showed the effectiveness of the algorithm. It was observed that the algorithm was the most effective in the vicinity of the wheel hop frequency. This paper also proposed the parameter set of the double sky-hook algorithm to differentiate the driving mode of vehicles under advanced development.","source":"DOAJ","year":2021,"language":"","subjects":["Technology","Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)","Biology (General)","Physics","Chemistry"],"doi":"10.3390/app11198912","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/19/8912","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65},{"id":"doaj_10.1186/s12935-021-01770-w","title":"Cofilin-1, LIMK1 and SSH1 are differentially expressed in locally advanced colorectal cancer and according to consensus molecular subtypes","authors":[{"name":"Annie Cristhine Moraes Sousa-Squiavinato"},{"name":"Renata Ivo Vasconcelos"},{"name":"Adriana Sartorio Gehren"},{"name":"Priscila Valverde Fernandes"},{"name":"Ivanir Martins de Oliveira"},{"name":"Mariana Boroni"},{"name":"Jose Andrés Morgado-Díaz"}],"abstract":"Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the deadliest cancers, wherein early dissemination of tumor cells, and consequently, metastasis formation, are the main causes of mortality and poor prognosis. Cofilin-1 (CFL-1) and its modulators, LIMK1/SSH1, play key roles in mediating the invasiveness by driving actin cytoskeleton reorganization in various cancer types. However, their clinical significance and prognostic value in CRC has not been fully explored. Here, we evaluated the clinical contribution of these actin regulators according to TNM and consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs) classification. Methods CFL-1, LIMK1 and SSH1 mRNA/protein levels were assessed by real-time PCR and immunohistochemical analyses using normal adjacent and tumor tissues obtained from a clinical cohort of CRC patients. The expression levels of these proteins were associated with clinicopathological features by using the chi square test. In addition, using RNA-Seq data of CRC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we determine how these actin regulators are expressed and distributed according to TNM and CMSs classification. Based on gene expression profiling, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to evaluated overall survival. Results Bioinformatic analysis revealed that LIMK1 expression was upregulated in all tumor stages. Patients with high levels of LIMK1 demonstrated significantly lower overall survival rates and exhibited greater lymph node metastatic potential in a clinical cohort. In contrast, CFL-1 and SSH1 have expression downregulated in all tumor stages. However, immunohistochemical analyses showed that patients with high protein levels of CFL-1 and SSH1 exhibited greater lymph node metastatic potential and greater depth of local invasion. In addition, using the CMSs classification to evaluate different biological phenotypes of CRC, we observed that LIMK1 and SSH1 genes are upregulated in immune (CMS1) and mesenchymal (CMS4) subtypes. However, patients with high levels of LIMK1 also demonstrated significantly lower overall survival rates in canonical (CMS2), and metabolic (CMS3) subtypes. Conclusions We demonstrated that CFL-1 and its modulators, LIMK1/SSH1, are differentially expressed and associated with lymph node metastasis in CRC. Finally, this expression profile may be useful to predict patients with aggressive signatures, particularly, the immune and mesenchymal subtypes of CRC.","source":"DOAJ","year":2021,"language":"","subjects":["Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens","Cytology"],"doi":"10.1186/s12935-021-01770-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-021-01770-w","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/app10165589","title":"Spacing Allocation Method for Vehicular Platoon: A Cooperative Game Theory Approach","authors":[{"name":"Yang Liu"},{"name":"Changfu Zong"},{"name":"Xiaojian Han"},{"name":"Dong Zhang"},{"name":"Hongyu Zheng"},{"name":"Chunmei Shi"}],"abstract":"Recently, spacing policies of the vehicular platoon have been widely developed to enhance safety, traffic efficiency, and fuel consumption. However, the integrated spacing policies aim to maximum overall benefit, and the distributed spacing policies intense to get optimal monomer benefit. Ignoring the fairness of the benefit allocation of each vehicle will reduce the motivation to constitute the platoon. To fill this critical gap, this study proposes a spacing allocation method by treating spacing decisions as cooperative games. A flock’s model which is used to be the payoff function is introduced based on bionic motion principles. We present a characteristic function of the platoon for the cooperative game model considering the specific structure of the platoon. The τ value, Shapley value, and average lexicographic value are introduced and applied to allocate the spacing fairly. Proposed methods are compared with constant distance policy in some typical situations. The simulation results demonstrate that the spacing policy based on cooperative game theory improved the stable time for consistency control and the convergence of longitudinal following error.","source":"DOAJ","year":2020,"language":"","subjects":["Technology","Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)","Biology (General)","Physics","Chemistry"],"doi":"10.3390/app10165589","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/16/5589","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":64},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/app9061231","title":"Day-Ahead Electric Load Forecasting for the Residential Building with a Small-Size Dataset Based on a Self-Organizing Map and a Stacking Ensemble Learning Method","authors":[{"name":"Jaehyun Lee"},{"name":"Jinho Kim"},{"name":"Woong Ko"}],"abstract":"Electric load forecasting for buildings is important as it assists building managers or system operators to plan energy usage and strategize accordingly. Recent increases in the adoption of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) have made building electrical consumption data available, and this has increased the feasibility of data-driven load forecasting. Self-organizing map (SOM) has been successfully utilized to cluster a dataset into subsets containing similar data points. These subsets are then used to train the forecasting models to improve forecasting accuracy. However, some buildings may have insufficient data since newly installed monitoring devices such as AMI have no choice but to collect a limited amount of data. Using a clustering technique on small datasets could lead to overfitting when using forecasting models following an SOM network to be trained with clusters. This results in a relatively high generalization error. In this study, we propose to address this problem by employing the stacking ensemble learning method (SELM) that is well-known for its generalization ability. An experimental study was conducted using the electricity consumption data of an actual institutional building and meteorological data. Our proposed model outperformed other baseline models, which means it successfully mitigates the effect of overfitting.","source":"DOAJ","year":2019,"language":"","subjects":["Technology","Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)","Biology (General)","Physics","Chemistry"],"doi":"10.3390/app9061231","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/6/1231","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/6/1231","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":63}],"total":11704043,"page":1,"page_size":20,"sources":["CrossRef","DOAJ","Semantic Scholar"],"query":"Biology (General)"}