{"results":[{"id":"doaj_10.1371/journal.pntd.0012771","title":"Molecular xenomonitoring of Schistosoma mansoni infections in Biomphalaria choanomphala at Lake Victoria, East Africa: Assessing roles of abiotic and biotic factors.","authors":[{"name":"Peter S Andrus"},{"name":"Claire J Standley"},{"name":"J Russell Stothard"},{"name":"Christopher M Wade"}],"abstract":"Lake Victoria is a well-known hot spot for intestinal schistosomiasis, caused by infection with the trematode Schistosoma mansoni. The snail intermediate hosts of this parasite are Biomphalaria snails, with Biomphalaria choanomphala being the predominant intermediate host within Lake Victoria. The prevalence of S. mansoni infection within snail populations is influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors, including the physical and chemical characteristics of their environment, the incidence of infection in human populations (and reservoir hosts) and the level of genetic compatibility between the parasite and the host. Using molecular xenomonitoring, we measured the prevalence of S. mansoni infection within B. choanomphala populations along the Kenyan, Tanzanian and Ugandan shorelines of Lake Victoria and related this to the abiotic (habitat type, water depth, turbulence, temperature, conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity, pH level) and biotic (B. choanomphala abundance, genetic diversity of host snail populations) factors of the lake. The overall mean prevalence of S. mansoni infection at Lake Victoria was 9.3%, with the highest prevalence of infection occurring on the Tanzanian shoreline (13.1%), followed by the Ugandan (8.2%) and Kenyan (4.7%) shorelines. There was a significant difference in B. choanomphala abundance, water temperature, conductivity, salinity, total dissolved solids and major anion/cation concentrations between the Kenyan, Tanzanian and Ugandan shorelines of Lake Victoria. A Spearman's rank analysis found that the prevalence of S. mansoni infection had a significant, positive relationship with higher levels of B. choanomphala abundance, water acidity, and cation (Ca2+, Mg2+) concentrations. Additionally, we observed that sites with S. mansoni infection correlated with B. choanomphala populations with a higher mean haplotype diversity score compared to sites found without infection, though there was no significant relationship between the prevalence of infection and B. choanomphala haplotype diversity scores. Although our analysis is based upon an archival and unique collection of Biomphalaria snails, the abiotic and biotic relationships uncovered are useful for eco-epidemiological comparisons of intestinal schistosomiasis across Lake Victoria in future.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine","Public aspects of medicine"],"doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012771","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012771","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102686","title":"The increase in cases and deaths from malaria in the Brazilian Yanomami territory is associated with the spread of illegal gold mining in the region: A 20-year ecological study","authors":[{"name":"Paulo Ricardo Martins-Filho"},{"name":"Francy Waltília Cruz Araújo"},{"name":"Luiz Carlos Santos-Júnior"},{"name":"Bianca Marques Santiago"},{"name":"Francisco Helmer Almeida Santos"},{"name":"Analany Pereira Dias Araújo"},{"name":"Carlos Eduardo Palhares Machado"},{"name":"Shirley Verônica Melo Almeida Lima"}],"abstract":"","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine","Infectious and parasitic diseases"],"doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102686","url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1477893923001461","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"doaj_Systematic+review+and+meta-analysis+of+Tuberculosis+and+COVID-19+Co-infection%3A+Prevalence%2C+fatality%2C+and+treatment+considerations","title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of Tuberculosis and COVID-19 Co-infection: Prevalence, fatality, and treatment considerations","authors":[{"name":"Quan Wang"},{"name":"Yanmin Cao"},{"name":"Xinyu Liu"},{"name":"Yaqun Fu"},{"name":"Jiawei Zhang"},{"name":"Yeqing Zhang"},{"name":"Lanyue Zhang"},{"name":"Xiaolin Wei"},{"name":"Li Yang"}],"abstract":"","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine","Public aspects of medicine"],"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11090343/?tool=EBI","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.26633/RPSP.2023.99","title":"The role of a genetically stable, novel oral type 2 poliovirus vaccine in the poliomyelitis endgame","authors":[{"name":"Sue Ann Costa Clemens"},{"name":"Gustavo Mendes Lima Santos"},{"name":"Isabela Gonzalez"},{"name":"Ralf Clemens"}],"abstract":"Poliovirus infection causes paralysis in up to 1 in 200 infected persons. The use of safe and effective inactivated poliovirus vaccines and live attenuated oral poliovirus vaccines (OPVs) means that only two pockets of wildtype poliovirus type 1 remain, in Afghanistan and Pakistan. However, OPVs can revert to virulence, causing outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV). During 2020–2022, cVDPV type 2 (cVDPV2) was responsible for 97–99% of poliomyelitis cases, mainly in Africa. Between January and August 2022, cVDPV2 was detected in sewage samples in Israel, the United Kingdom and the United States of America, where a case of acute flaccid paralysis caused by cVDPV2 also occurred. The Pan American Health Organization has warned that Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Haiti and Peru are at very high risk for the reintroduction of poliovirus and an additional eight countries in Latin America are at high risk, following dropping vaccination rates (average 80% coverage in 2022). Sabin type 2 monovalent OPV has been used to control VDPV2 outbreaks, but its use could also lead to outbreaks. To address this issue, a more genetically stable, novel OPV2 (nOPV2) was developed against cVDPV2 and in 2020 was granted World Health Organization Emergency Use Listing. Rolling out a novel vaccine under the Emergency Use Listing in mass settings to contain outbreaks requires unique local regulatory and operational preparedness.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Medicine","Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine","Public aspects of medicine"],"doi":"10.26633/RPSP.2023.99","url":"https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/57728","pdf_url":"https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/57728","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102631","title":"Unusual coinfection of Malaria and Hantavirus in the Colombian Caribbean Region","authors":[{"name":"Vaneza Tique-Salleg"},{"name":"Jairo Chevel-Mejia"},{"name":"Jorge Miranda"},{"name":"Salim Mattar"}],"abstract":"","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine","Infectious and parasitic diseases"],"doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102631","url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1477893923000911","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.1371/journal.pntd.0010776","title":"Cryptosporidiosis outbreaks linked to the public water supply in a military camp, France.","authors":[{"name":"Stéphanie Watier-Grillot"},{"name":"Damien Costa"},{"name":"Cédric Petit"},{"name":"Romy Razakandrainibe"},{"name":"Sébastien Larréché"},{"name":"Christelle Tong"},{"name":"Gwenaëlle Demont"},{"name":"David Billetorte"},{"name":"Damien Mouly"},{"name":"Didier Fontan"},{"name":"Guillaume Velut"},{"name":"Alexandra Le Corre"},{"name":"Jean-Christophe Beauvir"},{"name":"Audrey Mérens"},{"name":"Loïc Favennec"},{"name":"Vincent Pommier de Santi"}],"abstract":"\u003ch4\u003eIntroduction\u003c/h4\u003eContaminated drinking and recreational waters account for most of the reported Cryptosporidium spp. exposures in high-income countries. In June 2017, two successive cryptosporidiosis outbreaks occurred among service members in a military training camp located in Southwest France. Several other gastroenteritis outbreaks were previously reported in this camp, all among trainees in the days following their arrival, without any causative pathogen identification. Epidemiological, microbiological and environmental investigations were carried out to explain theses outbreaks.\u003ch4\u003eMaterial and methods\u003c/h4\u003eSyndromic diagnosis using multiplex PCR was used for stool testing. Water samples (100 L) were collected at 10 points of the drinking water installations and enumeration of Cryptosporidium oocysts performed. The identification of Cryptosporidium species was performed using real-time 18S SSU rRNA PCR and confirmed by GP60 sequencing.\u003ch4\u003eResults\u003c/h4\u003eA total of 100 human cases were reported with a global attack rate of 27.8%. Cryptosporidium spp. was identified in 93% of stool samples with syndromic multiplex PCR. The entire drinking water network was contaminated with Cryptosporidium spp. The highest level of contamination was found in groundwater and in the water leaving the treatment plant, with \u003e1,000 oocysts per 100 L. The same Cryptosporidium hominis isolate subtype IbA10G2 was identified in patients' stool and water samples. Several polluting activities were identified within the protection perimeters of the water resource. An additional ultrafiltration module was installed at the outlet of the water treatment plant. After several weeks, no Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in the public water supply.\u003ch4\u003eConclusions\u003c/h4\u003eAfter successive and unexplained gastroenteritis outbreaks, this investigation confirmed a waterborne outbreak due to Cryptosporidium hominis subtype IbA10G2. Our study demonstrates the value of syndromic diagnosis for gastroenteritis outbreak investigation. Our results also highlight the importance of better assessing the microbiological risk associated with raw water and the need for sensitive and easy-to-implement tools for parasite detection.","source":"DOAJ","year":2022,"language":"","subjects":["Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine","Public aspects of medicine"],"doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0010776","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010776","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66},{"id":"ss_9b2c09ce60790caefee4915df27351393872fe30","title":"Assessing environmental DNA metabarcoding and camera trap surveys as complementary tools for biomonitoring of remote desert water bodies","authors":[{"name":"Eduard Mas‐Carrió"},{"name":"Judith Schneider"},{"name":"Battogtokh Nasanbat"},{"name":"Samiya Ravchig"},{"name":"M. Buxton"},{"name":"C. Nyamukondiwa"},{"name":"Céline Stoffel"},{"name":"Claudio Augugliaro"},{"name":"F. Ceacero"},{"name":"P. Taberlet"},{"name":"O. Glaizot"},{"name":"P. Christe"},{"name":"L. Fumagalli"}],"abstract":"1Laboratory for Conservation Biology, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland 2Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic 3Laboratory of Mammalian Ecology, Institute of Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 4Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 5Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Sciences and Technology (BIUST), Palapye, Botswana 6Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland 7Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France 8UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø Museum, Tromsø, Norway 9Musée Cantonal de Zoologie, Lausanne, Switzerland 10Swiss Human Institute of Forensic Taphonomy, University Centre of Legal Medicine LausanneGeneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.1002/edn3.274","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9b2c09ce60790caefee4915df27351393872fe30","pdf_url":"https://munin.uit.no/bitstream/10037/24097/2/article.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":30,"published_at":"","score":65.9},{"id":"doaj_10.1371/journal.pntd.0009243","title":"Reviewing the ecological evidence base for management of emerging tropical zoonoses: Kyasanur Forest Disease in India as a case study.","authors":[{"name":"Sarah J Burthe"},{"name":"Stefanie M Schäfer"},{"name":"Festus A Asaaga"},{"name":"Natrajan Balakrishnan"},{"name":"Mohammed Mudasssar Chanda"},{"name":"Narayanaswamy Darshan"},{"name":"Subhash L Hoti"},{"name":"Shivani K Kiran"},{"name":"Tanya Seshadri"},{"name":"Prashanth N Srinivas"},{"name":"Abi T Vanak"},{"name":"Bethan V Purse"}],"abstract":"Zoonoses disproportionately affect tropical communities and are associated with human modification and use of ecosystems. Effective management is hampered by poor ecological understanding of disease transmission and often focuses on human vaccination or treatment. Better ecological understanding of multi-vector and multi-host transmission, social and environmental factors altering human exposure, might enable a broader suite of management options. Options may include \"ecological interventions\" that target vectors or hosts and require good knowledge of underlying transmission processes, which may be more effective, economical, and long lasting than conventional approaches. New frameworks identify the hierarchical series of barriers that a pathogen needs to overcome before human spillover occurs and demonstrate how ecological interventions may strengthen these barriers and complement human-focused disease control. We extend these frameworks for vector-borne zoonoses, focusing on Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus (KFDV), a tick-borne, neglected zoonosis affecting poor forest communities in India, involving complex communities of tick and host species. We identify the hierarchical barriers to pathogen transmission targeted by existing management. We show that existing interventions mainly focus on human barriers (via personal protection and vaccination) or at barriers relating to Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) vectors (tick control on cattle and at the sites of host (monkey) deaths). We review the validity of existing management guidance for KFD through literature review and interviews with disease managers. Efficacy of interventions was difficult to quantify due to poor empirical understanding of KFDV-vector-host ecology, particularly the role of cattle and monkeys in the disease transmission cycle. Cattle are hypothesised to amplify tick populations. Monkeys may act as sentinels of human infection or are hypothesised to act as amplifying hosts for KFDV, but the spatial scale of risk arising from ticks infected via monkeys versus small mammal reservoirs is unclear. We identified 19 urgent research priorities for refinement of current management strategies or development of ecological interventions targeting vectors and host barriers to prevent disease spillover in the future.","source":"DOAJ","year":2021,"language":"","subjects":["Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine","Public aspects of medicine"],"doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0009243","url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0009243\u0026type=printable","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65},{"id":"crossref_10.3390/tropicalmed6010014","title":"Acknowledgment to Reviewers of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease in 2020","authors":[{"name":"Tropical Medicine Infectious Disease Editorial Office"}],"abstract":"Peer review is the driving force of journal development, and reviewers are gatekeepers who ensure that Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease maintains its standards for the high quality of its published papers [...]","source":"CrossRef","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed6010014","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6010014","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65},{"id":"ss_e23f1e910c3413bd2de3645db9cf10418896ace1","title":"COPD_A_292472 1353..1368","authors":[{"name":"Sarah Cook"},{"name":"A. Eggen"},{"name":"L. Hopstock"},{"name":"S. Malyutina"},{"name":"M. Shapkina"},{"name":"A. Kudryavtsev"},{"name":"H. Melbye"},{"name":"J. Quint"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":null,"url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e23f1e910c3413bd2de3645db9cf10418896ace1","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65},{"id":"ss_c1b83eccc9c015b4371c8496482c75affac34940","title":"New records of lamellate mushrooms associated with Sal from Shiwaliks, India","authors":[{"name":"J. Kumar"},{"name":"N. Atri"}],"abstract":"34 1 2 Agarics are cosmopolitan basidiomycetous fungi which grow in a wide variety of habitats, from the tropics to arctic. These are mostly saprophytes and many of them form mycorrhizal association with variety of plants including trees. Studies on taxonomy and diversity of agarics are inviting more attention now a day’s primarily because of their importance in human welfare and role in ecosystem functioning and stability. Although these macro-fungi are an integral part of the ecosystem, knowledge on their diversity in the tropical and subtropical regions including India are largely understudied (Lakhanpal, 2014). Many species are important as a source of food, medicine, nutraceuticals and also play a pivotal role in ecosystem strengthening and maintenance as mycorrhizal associates (Manoharachary ., 2005). Present investigations are centred on identification of agaric diversity of Sal forests and ectomycorrhizal associates of (Sal).","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":["Biology"],"doi":"10.36460/kavaka/54/2020/30-37","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c1b83eccc9c015b4371c8496482c75affac34940","is_open_access":true,"citations":3,"published_at":"","score":64.09},{"id":"doaj_10.1371/journal.pntd.0008857","title":"Mass administration of medicines in changing contexts: Acceptability, adaptability and community directed approaches in Kaduna and Ogun States, Nigeria.","authors":[{"name":"Oluwatosin Adekeye"},{"name":"Kim Ozano"},{"name":"Ruth Dixon"},{"name":"Elisabeth Osim Elhassan"},{"name":"Luret Lar"},{"name":"Elena Schmidt"},{"name":"Sunday Isiyaku"},{"name":"Okefu Okoko"},{"name":"Rachael Thomson"},{"name":"Sally Theobald"},{"name":"Laura Dean"}],"abstract":"Nigeria has the highest burden of NTDs in sub-Saharan Africa. Commitments to reach the control and elimination of many Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs), particularly those amenable to preventive chemotherapy (onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, soil transmitted helminths, lymphatic filariasis and trachoma) by 2020 are detailed in the London declaration. Strategies to reach targets build on existing approaches, one of which is the use of community directed intervention (CDI) methods to deliver the mass administration of medicines (MAM). However, treatment using this approach has been inconsistent and there are questions about the acceptability and adaptability of these interventions during periods of programmatic, social, and political change. This paper explores the current strengths and weaknesses of CDI approaches in MAM delivery. We consider the acceptability and adaptability of existing MAM approaches to ensure equity in access to essential treatments. Using qualitative methods, we explore implementer perspectives of MAM delivery. We purposively selected programme implementers to ensure good programmatic knowledge and representation from the different levels of health governance in Nigeria. Data collection took place across two States (Kaduna and Ogun). Our results indicate that CDI approaches have underpinned many historic successes in NTD programme acceptance in Nigeria, specifically in Kaduna and Ogun State. However, our results also show that in some contexts, factors that underpin the success of CDI have become disrupted presenting new challenges for programme implementers. Capturing the tacit knowledge of health implementers at varying levels of the health system, we present the current and changing context of MAM delivery in Kaduna and Ogun States and consolidate a platform of evidence to guide future programme delivery and research studies. We situate our findings within the broader NTD literature, specifically, in identifying how our findings align to existing reviews focused on factors that shape individual acceptance of MAM.","source":"DOAJ","year":2020,"language":"","subjects":["Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine","Public aspects of medicine"],"doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0008857","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008857","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":64},{"id":"doaj_10.1186/s12936-019-2828-5","title":"A community-based education programme to reduce insecticide exposure from indoor residual spraying in Limpopo, South Africa","authors":[{"name":"Brenda Eskenazi"},{"name":"David I. Levine"},{"name":"Stephen Rauch"},{"name":"Muvhulawa Obida"},{"name":"Madelein Crause"},{"name":"Riana Bornman"},{"name":"Jonathan Chevrier"}],"abstract":"Abstract Background Indoor residual spraying (IRS), the coating of interior walls of houses with insecticides, is common in malaria-endemic areas. While important in malaria control, IRS potentially exposes residents to harmful insecticides. The World Health Organization recommends steps to minimize exposure; however, no programme has focused on educating populations. Methods A dramatic presentation and song were developed by study personnel and performed by lay performers in order to spread awareness of the importance of IRS and to minimize insecticide exposure. Performances were staged at 16 sprayed villages in the Vhembe District of Limpopo, South Africa, at which 592 attendees completed short questionnaires before and after the performance about behaviors that might limit insecticide exposure. Overall indices of the attendees’ change in knowledge of precautions to take prior to and after spraying to prevent insecticide exposure were analyzed using hierarchical mixed models to assess the effect of the performance on change in participants’ knowledge. Results Approximately half of attendees lived in homes that had been sprayed for malaria and 62% were female. Over 90% thought it better to allow IRS prior to the presentation, but knowledge of proper precautions to prevent exposure was low. The proportion answering correctly about proper distance from home during spraying increased from 49.4% pre-performance to 62.0% post-performance (RR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.13, 1.41), and the proportion reporting correctly about home re-entry interval after spraying increased from 58.5 to 91.1% (RR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.35, 1.77). Attendees improved in their knowledge about precautions to take prior to and after spraying from mean of 57.9% correct to a mean of 69.7% (β = 12.1%, 95% CI 10.9, 13.4). Specifically, increased knowledge in closing cupboards, removing food and bedding from the home, covering immoveable items with plastic, and leading animals away from the home prior to spraying were observed, as was increased knowledge in sweeping the floors, proper disposal of dead insects, and discarding dirty washrags after spraying. Conclusions A dramatic presentation and song were able to increase the attendees’ knowledge of precautions to take prior to and after spraying in order to limit their insecticide exposure resulting from IRS. This approach to community education is promising and deserves additional study.","source":"DOAJ","year":2019,"language":"","subjects":["Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine","Infectious and parasitic diseases"],"doi":"10.1186/s12936-019-2828-5","url":"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-019-2828-5","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":63},{"id":"doaj_10.1371/journal.pntd.0006973","title":"Improved estimates for extinction probabilities and times to extinction for populations of tsetse (Glossina spp).","authors":[{"name":"Damian Kajunguri"},{"name":"Elisha B Are"},{"name":"John W Hargrove"}],"abstract":"A published study used a stochastic branching process to derive equations for the mean and variance of the probability of, and time to, extinction in population of tsetse flies (Glossina spp) as a function of adult and pupal mortality, and the probabilities that a female is inseminated by a fertile male. The original derivation was partially heuristic and provided no proofs for inductive results. We provide these proofs, together with a more compact way of reaching the same results. We also show that, while the published equations hold good for the case where tsetse produce male and female offspring in equal proportion, a different solution is required for the more general case where the probability (β) that an offspring is female lies anywhere in the interval (0, 1). We confirm previous results obtained for the special case where β = 0.5 and show that extinction probability is at a minimum for β \u003e 0.5 by an amount that increases with increasing adult female mortality. Sensitivity analysis showed that the extinction probability was affected most by changes in adult female mortality, followed by the rate of production of pupae. Because females only produce a single offspring approximately every 10 days, imposing a death rate of greater than about 3.5% per day will ensure the eradication of any tsetse population. These mortality levels can be achieved for some species using insecticide-treated targets or cattle-providing thereby a simple, effective and cost-effective method of controlling and eradicating tsetse, and also human and animal trypanosomiasis. Our results are of further interest in the modern situation where increases in temperature are seeing the real possibility that tsetse will go extinct in some areas, without the need for intervention, but have an increased chance of surviving in other areas where they were previously unsustainable due to low temperatures.","source":"DOAJ","year":2019,"language":"","subjects":["Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine","Public aspects of medicine"],"doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0006973","url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6474634?pdf=render","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":63},{"id":"ss_894df534f7dc27fd51dd57d8bb0ef16c7c433dbb","title":"A Comparative Analysis of the Medicinal Pteridophytes in Turkey, Pakistan, and Malaysia","authors":[{"name":"M. Ozturk"},{"name":"V. Altay"},{"name":"A. Latiff"},{"name":"Tabinda Salman"},{"name":"I. Choudhry"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2018,"language":"en","subjects":["Biology"],"doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-93997-1_9","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/894df534f7dc27fd51dd57d8bb0ef16c7c433dbb","is_open_access":true,"citations":9,"published_at":"","score":62.27},{"id":"doaj_10.7705/biomedica.v38i0.3708","title":"Study of mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 genes in a sample of gliomas from Colombian population","authors":[{"name":"Orlando Ricaurte"},{"name":"Karina Neita"},{"name":"Danyela Valero"},{"name":"Jenny Ortega-Rojas"},{"name":"Carlos E. Arboleda-Bustos"},{"name":"Camilo Zubieta"},{"name":"José Penagos"},{"name":"Gonzalo Arboleda"}],"abstract":"Introduction: Gliomas are the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system and, according to their malignancy, they are graded from I to IV. Recent studies have found that there is an association between gliomas and mutations in exon 4 of genes that codify for isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 (IDH1: codon 132; IDH2: codon 172).\nObjective: To establish the frequency of mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 in a sample of gliomas from Colombian population.\nMaterials and methods: DNA was extracted from tumor tissue. The exon 4 of IDH1 and IDH2 was amplified by PCR using specific primers and subsequently sequenced. Mutations were determined using the 4Peaks MAFFT programs.\nResults: We found mutations in the IDH1 gene in 34% of the glioma samples, with a predominance of the nonsynonymous mutation R132H. Mutations in the IDH2 gene were found in 7.5% of cases, with a predominance of the nonsynonymous R172K and R172W mutations.\nConclusions: The frequency of mutations in the IDH1 and IDH2 genes in the sample was similar to that reported in other studies. The analysis of these mutations may be important to establish prognostic factors and for the development of future therapeutic targets in gliomas.","source":"DOAJ","year":2018,"language":"","subjects":["Medicine","Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine"],"doi":"10.7705/biomedica.v38i0.3708","url":"https://www.revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/3708","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":62},{"id":"doaj_10.1186/s12936-018-2559-z","title":"First report of natural Wolbachia infection in wild Anopheles funestus population in Senegal","authors":[{"name":"El Hadji Amadou Niang"},{"name":"Hubert Bassene"},{"name":"Patrick Makoundou"},{"name":"Florence Fenollar"},{"name":"Mylène Weill"},{"name":"Oleg Mediannikov"}],"abstract":"Abstract Background Until very recently, Anopheles were considered naturally unable to host Wolbachia, an intracellular bacterium regarded as a potential biological control tool. Their detection in field populations of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato, suggests that they may also be present in many more anopheline species than previously thought. Results Here, is reported the first discovery of natural Wolbachia infections in Anopheles funestus populations from Senegal, the second main malaria vector in Africa. Molecular phylogeny analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed at least two Wolbachia genotypes which were named wAnfu-A and wAnfu-B, according to their close relatedness to the A and B supergroups. Furthermore, both wAnfu genotypes displayed high proximity with wAnga sequences previously described from the An. gambiae complex, with only few nucleotide differences. However, the low prevalence of infection, together with the difficulties encountered for detection, whatever method used, highlights the need to develop an effective and sensitive Wolbachia screening method dedicated to anopheline. Conclusions The discovery of natural Wolbachia infection in An. funestus, another major malaria vector, may overcome the main limitation of using a Wolbachia-based approach to control malaria through population suppression and/or replacement.","source":"DOAJ","year":2018,"language":"","subjects":["Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine","Infectious and parasitic diseases"],"doi":"10.1186/s12936-018-2559-z","url":"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-018-2559-z","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":62},{"id":"ss_0485753d64ceaa83ef207c66320d60190c5c3222","title":"Biology and Diseases of Ferrets","authors":[{"name":"Joerg Mayer"},{"name":"R. Marini"},{"name":"J. Fox"}],"abstract":"Ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) belong to the ancient family Mustelidae, which is believed to date back to the Eocene period, some 40 million years ago. The taxonomic groups in the family Mustelidae, as recognized by Nowak (1999), include 67 species in 25 genera from North, Central, and South America; Eurasia; and Africa. No other carnivore shows such diversity of adaptation, being found in a wide variety of ecosystems ranging from arctic tundra to tropical rainforests. Mustelids have retained many primitive characteristics, which include relatively small size, short stocky legs, five toes per foot, elongated braincase, and short rostrum (Anderson, 1989). The Mustelinae is the central subfamily of the Mustelidae. The best-known members of the Mustelinae are the weasels, mink, ferrets (genus Mustela), and the martens (genus Martes) (Anderson, 1989). The genus Mustela is divided into five subgenera: Mustela (weasels), Lutreola (European mink), Vison (American mink), Putorius (ferrets), and Grammogale (South American weasels). The smallest member of the Mustelidae family is the least weasel (Mustela nivalis), which weighs as little as 25 g, and the largest member is the sea otter (Enhydra lutris), which can weigh as much as 45 kg (Nowak, 1999).","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2015,"language":"en","subjects":["Biology"],"doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-409527-4.00014-6","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0485753d64ceaa83ef207c66320d60190c5c3222","is_open_access":true,"citations":27,"published_at":"","score":59.81},{"id":"doaj_10.1371/journal.pntd.0004154","title":"Surveillance of Human Echinococcosis in Castilla-Leon (Spain) between 2000-2012.","authors":[{"name":"Amparo Lopez-Bernus"},{"name":"Moncef Belhassen-García"},{"name":"Montserrat Alonso-Sardón"},{"name":"Adela Carpio-Perez"},{"name":"Virginia Velasco-Tirado"},{"name":"Ángela Romero-Alegria"},{"name":"Antonio Muro"},{"name":"Miguel Cordero-Sánchez"},{"name":"Javier Pardo-Lledias"}],"abstract":"BACKGROUND:Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an important health problem in many areas of the world including the Mediterranean region. However, the real CE epidemiological situation is not well established. In fact, it is possible that CE is a re-emerging disease due to the weakness of current control programs. METHODOLOGY:We performed a retrospective observational study of inpatients diagnosed with CE from January 2000 to December 2012 in the Western Spain Public Health-Care System. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:During the study period, 5510 cases of CE were diagnosed and 3161 (57.4%) of the cases were males. The age mean and standard deviation were 67.8 ± 16.98 years old, respectively, and 634 patients (11.5%) were younger than 45 years old. A total of 1568 patients (28.5%) had CE as the primary diagnosis, and it was most frequently described in patients \u003c45 years old. Futhermore, a secondary diagnosis of CE was usually found in patients \u003e70 year old associated with other causes of comorbidity. The period incidence rate was 17 cases per 105 person-years and was significantly higher when compared to the incidence declared through the Notifiable Disease System (1.88 cases per 105 person-years; p\u003c0.001). CONCLUSIONS:CE in western Spain is an underestimated parasitic disease. It has an active transmission, with an occurrence in pediatric cases, but has decreased in the recent years. The systematic search of Hospital Discharge Records of the National Health System Register (HDR) may be a more accurate method than other methods for the estimation of the incidence of CE in endemic areas.","source":"DOAJ","year":2015,"language":"","subjects":["Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine","Public aspects of medicine"],"doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0004154","url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4618931?pdf=render","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":59},{"id":"ss_f1aa1beea1c5998fab074ba04cc8916816287dc8","title":"Ethnobotany of the Kiluhikturmiut Inuinnait of Kugluktuk, Nunavut, Canada","authors":[{"name":"Jonathan Davis"},{"name":"S. Banack"}],"abstract":"The disparity in floral diversity between tropical and arctic regions is reflected in a paucity of ethnobotanical research among arctic cultures.  The Kiluhikturmiut Inuinnait are an Inuit subpopulation who inhabit the Kitikmeot Region of the Territory of Nunavut in Canada’s Arctic.  We conducted an ethnobotanical survey in the Inuinnait hamlet of Kugluktuk to document the traditional uses of plants as food, materials, and medicine.  Data were gathered through unstructured interviews, participant observation, purposive sampling, and voucher-specimen collection of all plants used.  Uses were documented for 23 plant species/types contained in 14 families.  Nine species/types were eaten, six species/types were used as materials, and 12 species were used for medicine.  Villagers shared common knowledge of plants used for food and materials; however, knowledge of medicinal plants was restricted to a single healer.  We argue that specialized knowledge such as the use of medicinal plants is important to document especially when the number individuals using this knowledge is dwindling.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2012,"language":"en","subjects":["Geography"],"doi":"10.14237/EBL.3.2012.31","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f1aa1beea1c5998fab074ba04cc8916816287dc8","pdf_url":"https://ojs.ethnobiology.org/index.php/ebl/article/download/31/29","is_open_access":true,"citations":6,"published_at":"","score":56.18}],"total":4475600,"page":1,"page_size":20,"sources":["DOAJ","CrossRef","Semantic Scholar"],"query":"Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine"}