{"results":[{"id":"ss_3c28fdb4db4b268ba9f3993254dbdd8bac381f5f","title":"A Social History of French Catholicism 1789–1914","authors":[{"name":"R. Gibson"}],"abstract":"Ralph Gibson looks at what religion meant to both men and women in the daily life of post revolutionary France. The book combines fresh insights with a wide ranging synthesis for students. This book should be of interest to students and teachers of history, theology, French studies.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["Sociology"],"doi":"10.4324/9781003629702","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3c28fdb4db4b268ba9f3993254dbdd8bac381f5f","is_open_access":true,"citations":76,"published_at":"","score":71.28},{"id":"ss_01e4bf241c170914ea4902278cb9519ae4d9fba1","title":"An Index Measuring State Capacity, 1789–2018","authors":[{"name":"Colin O’Reilly"},{"name":"Ryan H. Murphy"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2022,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.1111/ecca.12411","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/01e4bf241c170914ea4902278cb9519ae4d9fba1","is_open_access":true,"citations":47,"published_at":"","score":67.41},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/life13091789","title":"Recent Advances in Intraoperative Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential Monitoring during Microvascular Decompression Surgery for Hemifacial Spasm","authors":[{"name":"Sang-Ku Park"},{"name":"Hyun Seok Lee"},{"name":"Kyung Rae Cho"},{"name":"Kwan Park"}],"abstract":"Brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) testing during microvascular decompression (MVD) is very important in the treatment of hemifacial spasm (HFS). The reason for this is that the vestibulocochlear nerve is located immediately next to the facial nerve, so the vestibulocochlear nerve may be affected by manipulation during surgery. BAEP testing for detecting vestibulocochlear nerve damage has been further developed for use during surgery. In most HFS patients with normal vestibulocochlear nerves, the degree of vestibulocochlear nerve damage caused by surgery is well-reflected in the BAEP test waveforms. Therefore, real-time testing is the best way to minimize damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve. The purpose of this study was to review the most recently published BAEP test waveforms that were obtained during MVD surgery to determine the relationship between vestibulocochlear nerve damage and BAEP waveforms.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Science"],"doi":"10.3390/life13091789","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/9/1789","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.30722/anzjes.vol15.iss1.17364","title":"Catholicism and pan-European identity from Schuman to Orbán","authors":[{"name":"Mark Cauchi"}],"abstract":"The aim of this article is to examine the role of Catholic political thought in relation to the history of European integration and show how the shift away from this communitarian tradition by mainstream social democratic and conservative parties can help explain the rise of populism. The idea of Europe as a unified entity has always been grounded in its Christian character, and this was the basis of the Christian Democratic pan-European project of the EU’s ‘founding fathers’ in the mid-twentieth century. The rise of both social and economic liberalism in the ensuing years led to a disconnect between the political establishment – who remain largely supportive of the project – and growing numbers of disaffected citizens. A refocusing of the political narrative in relation to European integration on the continent’s communitarian and Christian (and Social) Democratic traditions could halt the advance of populist-nationalism and Eurosceptic parties.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Social Sciences","Europe (General)"],"doi":"10.30722/anzjes.vol15.iss1.17364","url":"https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/ANZJES/article/view/17364","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.14515/monitoring.2023.6.2399","title":"Факторы субъективного здоровья: структурная модель на этапе поздней социализации","authors":[{"name":"Анастасия Анатольевна Данилова"},{"name":"Екатерина Вячеславовна Забелина"},{"name":"Александра Юрьевна Телицына"},{"name":"Юлия Владимировна Честюнина"}],"abstract":"Здоровье людей пенсионного возраста, как объективное, так и субъективное, рассматривается в качестве критерия эффективной поздней социализации. В статье представлены результаты разработки модели факторов субъективного здоровья, а также ее эмпирической верификации применительно к этапу поздней социализации — на выборке пенсионеров, проживающих в г. Челябинске и Челябинской области (Россия) (N=291). В результате теоретического анализа была представлена модель факторов субъективного здоровья в условиях поздней социализации, в которой, как предполагается, биологические, социально-экономические и когнитивно-эмоциональные факторы влияют на формирование субъективного здоровья людей на пенсии. Метод анкетирования применялся для регистрации биологических (пол, хронологический возраст, наличие или отсутствие инвалидности) и социально-экономических показателей (образование, религиозная идентичность, социальное окружение и др.). Для оценки когнитивно-эмоционального фактора были использованы психодиагностические методики, определяющие субъективный возраст и базисные убеждения пенсионеров. Основным методом анализа данных выступил метод моделирования структурными уравнениями. Результаты моделирования показали хорошее соответствие эмпирических данных разработанной модели. Обнаружено, что все три группы факторов вносят вклад в улучшение субъективного здоровья пенсионеров, при этом когнитивно-эмоциональные факторы являются медиаторами, опосредующими влияние биологических и социально-экономических переменных. Результаты исследования актуализируют значимость когнитивно-эмоциональных факторов в процессе поздней социализации личности и обосновывают важность применения когнитивной психотерапии в позднем возрасте при нормальном старении.\n\n\nБлагодарность. Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 22-28-00421, https://rscf.ru/project/22-28-00421/.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Sociology (General)"],"doi":"10.14515/monitoring.2023.6.2399","url":"https://www.monitoringjournal.ru/index.php/monitoring/article/view/2399","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.30722/anzjes.vol15.iss1.17370","title":"Analysing the treatment of Queer people within the early Soviet Union","authors":[{"name":"Mal Priestley"}],"abstract":"This essay employs a broad historical approach to complexify common narratives around the treatment of queer people within the early Soviet Union. By examining how structures of control surrounding, and competing conceptions of, factors such as modernity, sexuality, race, location and gender intersect, it challenges notions of a decline from liberatory post-revolutionary policy into oppressive Stalinist policy. It also reveals a more nuanced picture of the treatment of queer people in the Soviet Union, one which highlights the variety of ways in which queer expression was legalised, medicalised, and criminalised, and the resulting plurality of queer experience during this period. As an essay centred on the experiences of queer people, it also serves to prevent the all too common erasure of queer people from historical narratives, which is essential to creating a nuanced historical tradition that itself challenges misconceptions of the nature and existence of queer people.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Social Sciences","Europe (General)"],"doi":"10.30722/anzjes.vol15.iss1.17370","url":"https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/ANZJES/article/view/17370","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.22363/2313-2310-2022-30-2-189-200","title":"Variability of body weight (Eremias arguta deserti Gmelin, 1789) and (Phrynocephalus guttatus guttatus Gmelin, 1789) in the southeastern part of the Lower Volga region","authors":[{"name":"Stanislav S. Mishustin"},{"name":"Galina V. Polynova"}],"abstract":"One of the aspects of studies of micropopulations of ( Eremias arguta deserti Gmelin, 1789) and ( Phrynocephalus guttatus guttatus Gmelin, 1789) in the conditions of the southeastern part of the Lower Volga region was the observation of inter-seasonal fluctuations in body weight of individuals. Males of Eremias arguta deserti are consistently heavier in the spring than females. In the autumn periods, the results turned out to be contradictory and do not make it possible to conclude which individuals of which sex have the greatest mass. Statistical processing of materials using the Kruskal - Walli’s criterion (H) did not reveal significant differences in Eremias arguta deserti when comparing the mass of all females and males both for all periods and separately in spring and autumn periods. Phrynocephalus g. guttatus also showed no statistical significance when comparing all males and females for the entire period. However, the results obtained when comparing between females and males during the 2018 season, as well as when comparing females of different years, were statistically significant. In addition, the body weight of fingerlings of both groups, between the autumn seasons of 2017 and 2018, revealed statistical significance. Individuals of both Phrynocephalus g. guttatus and Eremias arguta deserti steadily gain body weight, despite the slowdown or complete stop of the growth of individuals in the former and autotomy in the latter. Regeneration of the tail or its absence obviously affects the growth of the trunk of Eremias arguta deserti.","source":"DOAJ","year":2022,"language":"","subjects":["Environmental sciences"],"doi":"10.22363/2313-2310-2022-30-2-189-200","url":"https://journals.rudn.ru/ecology/article/viewFile/31438/20905","pdf_url":"https://journals.rudn.ru/ecology/article/viewFile/31438/20905","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66},{"id":"doaj_10.7322/abcshs.2021056.1789","title":"Foot wound risk and quality of life of people with type 2 diabetes are related to self-care","authors":[{"name":"Rebeca Barbosa da Rocha"},{"name":"Cristiano Sales da Silva"},{"name":"Bruna Larysse Diógenes Campelo"},{"name":"Ana Cristina Marques Pedro"},{"name":"Fernanda Mello da Silva Sousa"},{"name":"Vinicius Saura Cardoso"}],"abstract":"\nIntroduction: Adherence to self-care has been identified as a means of preventing diabetic foot wounds, positively influencing the clinical outcomes and quality of life of patients. The adherence to this strategy is divergent in different populations. It is essential to determine the self-care practices that are associated with diabetic foot ulcers and the quality of life in adults with diabetes. Objective: To understand self-care practices and explore their relationship with the foot wound risk and quality of life of persons with type 2 diabetes in a city in northeastern Brazil. Methods: A descriptive exploratory study was conducted with a sample of 300 individuals with type 2 diabetes. Data were collected using a sociodemographic questionnaire, classification of foot wound risk, the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities, and SF-36. Results: Adherence to self-care was low for physical exercise, self-monitoring of blood glucose, and foot care. The diet and the use of medication had better adherence by the participants. Foot wound risk was related to no adherence to diet (OR 2.2 95% CI 1.32-3.38), physical activity (OR 0.49 95% CI 0.25-0.95), and blood glucose checking (OR 5.31 95% CI 1.58-17.78). Quality of life was associated with physical activity (OR 0.35 95% CI 0.16-0.74). Conclusion: It can be concluded that is a relationship between self-care practices adherence, risk of foot wounds, and quality of life.\n","source":"DOAJ","year":2022,"language":"","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.7322/abcshs.2021056.1789","url":"https://portalnepas.org.br/abcshs/article/view/1789","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66},{"id":"doaj_10.5944/etfv.34.2022.33328","title":"De paria a aliado indispensable: Pakistán y Estados Unidos durante la administración Carter, 1977-1981","authors":[{"name":"Javier Gil Guerrero"}],"abstract":"\nLas relaciones entre Estados Unidos y Pakistán alcanzaron su punto más bajo durante los años de la administración Carter (1977-1981). Decidido a poner los derechos humanos y la lucha contra la proliferación nuclear en el centro de su política exterior, Carter colisionó de inmediato con la determinación de las autoridades pakistaníes a no ceder a las nuevas exigencias de Washington. El idealismo de Carter pretendía enterrar el realismo de Nixon y Kissinger y abrir un nuevo capítulo en la relación de Estados Unidos con el mundo. La invasión soviética de Afganistán, sin embargo, propició un giro abrupto en la agenda de Carter y reforzó la posición de Islamabad en su relación con Washington.\n","source":"DOAJ","year":2022,"language":"","subjects":["History (General) and history of Europe","History (General)","1789-"],"doi":"10.5944/etfv.34.2022.33328","url":"https://revistas.uned.es/index.php/ETFV/article/view/33328","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66},{"id":"doaj_10.26203/m7kg-5j29","title":"Digital games based learning for history – problem solving or problematic?","authors":[{"name":"Katrina Foy"}],"abstract":"This study follows the design and development of an educational digital game, Tales of Iona, which was designed to be used to promote understanding of the ancient Scottish island of Iona in upper primary or early secondary schools. The game was designed to combine clear pedagogical principles of teaching History with the best of contemporary digital gaming technology. The intention of the game is to engage players in an immersive virtual environment where their interactions with characters, artefacts and historic events through a series of puzzles will develop their understanding of the historical importance of the island of Iona and spark curiosity to learn more about the past. A Design-based Research (DBR) approach was used in this study and the data was collected on a trial day of the prototype of the game. The data was collected from a small sample of players (aged 10-14 years), using methods of questionnaires, interviews and Video Commentary Capture Model (VCCM) to record gameplay and meta-cognition. Analysis of the findings led to improvements to the game design and gave an insight into the way players learn through digital game playing. Conclusions were drawn to the way the game promoted substantive knowledge of the historical context and stimulated further historical enquiry.","source":"DOAJ","year":2021,"language":"","subjects":["Education"],"doi":"10.26203/m7kg-5j29","url":"https://abdn.ac.uk/eitn/journal/652","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65},{"id":"doaj_10.5944/etfv.33.2021.30058","title":"Reseña: Servent, Pierre: Rudolf Hess. El último enigma del Tercer Reich","authors":[{"name":"Adrián Magaldi Fernandez"}],"abstract":"\nReseña: Servent, Pierre: Rudolf Hess. El último enigma del Tercer Reich. Madrid, La Esfera de los Libros, 2021, 540 pp., ISBN: 978-84-9164-973-1\n","source":"DOAJ","year":2021,"language":"","subjects":["History (General) and history of Europe","History (General)","1789-"],"doi":"10.5944/etfv.33.2021.30058","url":"https://revistas.uned.es/index.php/ETFV/article/view/30058","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65},{"id":"ss_988a534cd399b17ed861355496ea6067cd084923","title":"The long reach of the Suez Canal: Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789) an unwanted Indo-Pacific pest at the Atlantic gate","authors":[{"name":"E. Azzurro"},{"name":"M. Bariche"}],"abstract":"The silver-cheeked toadfish Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789) is rapidly expanding westward through the Mediterranean Sea. On December 2017, a single individual was caught by a local fisherman at the westernmost end of the basin, the Straits of Gibraltar at San Amaro beach, Bahia norte, Ceuta, Spain (35.8974; −5.2994). This new record opens to the possibility of this Indo-Pacific pest to spread beyond the Mediterranean region, prospecting the future extension of Lessepsian bioinvasions to the Atlantic Ocean.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":["Geography"],"doi":"10.3391/bir.2020.9.2.05","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/988a534cd399b17ed861355496ea6067cd084923","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2020.9.2.05","is_open_access":true,"citations":14,"published_at":"","score":64.42},{"id":"doaj_10.1186/s12937-020-00565-5","title":"The impact of a cartoon character on adults perceptions of Children’s breakfast cereals: a randomized experiment","authors":[{"name":"Alejandra Contreras-Manzano"},{"name":"Alejandra Jáuregui"},{"name":"Claudia Nieto"},{"name":"Marissa G. Hall"},{"name":"Jorge Vargas-Meza"},{"name":"James F. Thrasher"},{"name":"Daniel Illescas-Zárate"},{"name":"Simón Barquera"},{"name":"David Hammond"}],"abstract":"Abstract Background Cartoon characters on processed food packaging increase the perception of product preference among children, but their effect among adults has rarely been examined. We evaluated the effect of a cartoon character on breakfast cereals on beliefs about buying them for children, as well as whether demographic characteristics modified this effect. Methods An experimental study was conducted with adults from online consumer panels in Mexico (n = 3755). Participants were randomly assigned to a “cartoon” condition (n = 1789), in which they viewed a breakfast cereal box with a Minion character on the front of the package, or the “control” condition (n = 1966), in which the same cereal box was displayed with no character on the package. Participants were asked: “Is this a good cereal to buy children?” with the response options “Yes”, “No”, or “Don’t know”. Multinomial adjusted logistic models regressed responses to this question (Yes = 0, No = 1, 2 = Don’t know) on experimental condition. Differences in the effect of the cartoon character across demographic characteristics were tested by introducing multiplicative interaction terms. Results The adjusted model showed that participants in the “cartoon character” condition were 1.67 (1.45–1.94) times more likely to consider the cereal as being “Not good to buy for children” than those in the control condition (p \u003c 0.001). This effect was smaller among parents (RRR = 1.39, 1.13–1.72) compared to those without children (RRR = 2.01, 1.63–2.47). No differences were observed in the proportion of participants answering “Don’t know” across experimental groups. Conclusion Among this sample of Mexican adults, a cereal with a cartoon character on the packaging was more often perceived as “not good to buy for children” compared to a cereal without it. This effect was smaller among parents, potentially due to children influences of parental decisions during food purchasing.","source":"DOAJ","year":2020,"language":"","subjects":["Nutrition. Foods and food supply","Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases"],"doi":"10.1186/s12937-020-00565-5","url":"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12937-020-00565-5","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":64},{"id":"doaj_RESILIENCE+OF+THE+EU+EXPORTS+TO+UKRAINE+UNDER+THE+COVID-19+PANDEMIC","title":"RESILIENCE OF THE EU EXPORTS TO UKRAINE UNDER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC","authors":[{"name":"Oleksandr SHNYRKOV"},{"name":"Oleksii CHUGAIEV"}],"abstract":"The paper assesses vulnerability of the EU exports to Ukraine to the current COVID-19 pandemic, which became the major challenge for societies and economies. The main current trends affecting the bilateral trade are discussed. A regression analysis is used to estimate the effects of demand and supply shocks, and changes in price competitiveness. The EU exports of fuels and road vehicles are the most sensitive to changes in the Ukraine's GDP, the exports of chemical products and telecommunication equipment - to devaluation of hryvnia. The most resilient EU exports to Ukraine included medicinal and pharmaceutical products, beverages and tobacco. The changes in consumption patterns under the quarantine measures also favoured stability of food and IT-services exports. The post-factum verification of results with the resent data confirmed most sector-specific effects. On average the EU exports to Ukraine turned out to be more resilient than to other countries.","source":"DOAJ","year":2020,"language":"","subjects":["Europe (General)","Political science"],"url":"https://eurint.uaic.ro/proceedings/articles/EURINT2020_SHN.pdf","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":64},{"id":"ss_7368ab202f202c9472bdf4526f0fbba49450dea6","title":"Beyond Democracy-Dictatorship Measures: A New Framework Capturing Executive Bases of Power, 1789–2016","authors":[{"name":"Jan Teorell"},{"name":"Staffan I. Lindberg"}],"abstract":"We attempt to integrate the literatures on authoritarian regime types and democratic forms of government. We propose a theoretical framework of five dimensions of executive appointment and dismissal that can be applied in both more democratic and more authoritarian regimes: the hereditary, military, ruling party, direct election, and confidence dimensions, respectively. Relying on the Varieties of Democracy data, we provide measures of these five dimensions for 3,937 individual heads of state and 2,874 heads of government from 192 countries across the globe from 1789 to the present. After presenting descriptive evidence of their prevalence, variation, and relationship to extant regime typologies, a set of exploratory probes gauge the extent to which the five dimensions can predict levels of repression, corruption, and executive survival, controlling for aspects of democracy. This leads to generation of a set of original hypotheses that we hope can serve as building blocks for explanatory theory. We conclude by discussing some limitations of these novel data.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2019,"language":"en","subjects":["Political Science"],"doi":"10.1017/S1537592718002098","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7368ab202f202c9472bdf4526f0fbba49450dea6","pdf_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/102649070/Teorell_Beyond_Democracy_Structure_of_executive_PoP_final_accepted_pdf.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":26,"published_at":"","score":63.78},{"id":"ss_17f24e34f58cea9e0de4c17f7c64197a83debe60","title":"Religious Renewal in France, 1789-1870","authors":[{"name":"R. Price"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2018,"language":"en","subjects":["Sociology"],"doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-67196-3","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/17f24e34f58cea9e0de4c17f7c64197a83debe60","is_open_access":true,"citations":55,"published_at":"","score":63.65},{"id":"ss_a6a08b716dd4decfb103435b44e76927fb73205a","title":"Tracing Antisemitic Language Through Diachronic Embedding Projections: France 1789-1914","authors":[{"name":"Rocco Tripodi"},{"name":"M. Warglien"},{"name":"S. Sullam"},{"name":"Deborah Paci"}],"abstract":"We investigate some aspects of the history of antisemitism in France, one of the cradles of modern antisemitism, using diachronic word embeddings. We constructed a large corpus of French books and periodicals issues that contain a keyword related to Jews and performed a diachronic word embedding over the 1789-1914 period. We studied the changes over time in the semantic spaces of 4 target words and performed embedding projections over 6 streams of antisemitic discourse. This allowed us to track the evolution of antisemitic bias in the religious, economic, socio-politic, racial, ethic and conspiratorial domains. Projections show a trend of growing antisemitism, especially in the years starting in the mid-80s and culminating in the Dreyfus affair. Our analysis also allows us to highlight the peculiar adverse bias towards Judaism in the broader context of other religions.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2019,"language":"en","subjects":["Computer Science","History"],"doi":"10.18653/v1/W19-4715","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a6a08b716dd4decfb103435b44e76927fb73205a","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-4715.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":21,"published_at":"","score":63.63},{"id":"doaj_10.4025/actascilangcult.v41i2.44694","title":"O século XVIII é mais avançado que o XXI: uma experiência de autoetnografia ","authors":[{"name":"Fabio Akcelrud Durão"},{"name":"Ana Karla Canarinos"}],"abstract":"\nEste artigo pretende fazer uma autoetnografia cultural negativa de uma ida ao cinema para assistir à ópera Cosi fan tutte (1789), de Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, no Shopping Galleria, em Campinas. A produção foi realizada musicalmente por Philippe Jordan e coreograficamente por Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker para a orquestra da Opéra National de Paris, lançada na Europa em 2017 e que chega ao Brasil no primeiro semestre de 2018, graças ao Festival Ópera na Tela. Tendo em vista as contradições da relação entre ópera e cinema e como essas tensões se intensificam quando transferidas do eixo Europa e EUA para países de modernização tardia, este estudo autoetnográfico da ida à ópera pretende fazer uma crítica à ideia de uma noção de tempo como progressão abstrata e homogênea.\n","source":"DOAJ","year":2019,"language":"","subjects":["Language and Literature","Philology. Linguistics"],"doi":"10.4025/actascilangcult.v41i2.44694","url":"https://www.periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciLangCult/article/view/44694","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":63},{"id":"ss_d5e8d83a3f0c611bfee9a68daeb89d38857f8cc9","title":"Frauenbewegung und Feminismus : eine Geschichte seit 1789","authors":[{"name":"U. Gerhard"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2018,"language":"en","subjects":["Art"],"doi":"10.17104/9783406723872","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d5e8d83a3f0c611bfee9a68daeb89d38857f8cc9","is_open_access":true,"citations":21,"published_at":"","score":62.63},{"id":"ss_f3dfe47de45c89af77201a1884ed91430f31b34c","title":"Declinaciones de la reacción eclesiástica contra la Revolución francesa en España (1789-1808)","authors":[{"name":"Andoni Artola Renedo"},{"name":"A. Maturana"}],"abstract":"This essay studies how the Catholic Church reacted to the threat of the French Revolution. Manuscripts and primary sources of this period are studied in order to identify the different positions adopted by the Spanish reactionary clergy. Four main epigraphs will be developed with the intention of covering the complexity of the ecclesiastical thinking landscape from 1789. The first one will focus on the traditional enemies of the Enlightenment, which considered that revolution was a consequence of this movement. The second one will analyse the restoration of the alliance between throne and altar addressed by those clerics who were not only closest to power, but also generally the most enlightened. Thirdly, we will see how a sector of the Spanish clergy started to feel disillusioned with the king and his absolutist policies, and found consolation in the Pope (in a sort of Ultramontanism). Finally, the last epigraph will study the case of one of these disaffected clerics, Lorenzana, Archbishop of Toledo. The conclusion of this article is that Spanish reactionary thinking after the French Revolution was much more complex than previously thought. Not every reactionary cleric was against the Enlightenment, nor were all the reactionary clergy favour to the king.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2017,"language":"en","subjects":["Sociology"],"doi":"10.3989/HISPANIA.2017.013","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f3dfe47de45c89af77201a1884ed91430f31b34c","pdf_url":"http://hispania.revistas.csic.es/index.php/hispania/article/download/522/517","is_open_access":true,"citations":52,"published_at":"","score":62.56}],"total":103815,"page":1,"page_size":20,"sources":["DOAJ","CrossRef","Semantic Scholar"],"query":"1789-"}