Commodities Consensus: Neoextractivism and Enclosure of the Commons in Latin America
Abstrak
Latin America has recently undergone a passage from the Washington consensus, based on financial valorization, to the commodities consensus, based on the large-scale exportation of raw materials, such as hydrocarbons (gas and petroleum), metals and minerals (copper, gold, silver, tin, baux ite, zinc, etc.), agricultural products (corn, soy, and wheat), and biofuels. The commodities consensus is a complex, fast-paced, recursive process and must be read from multiple perspectives. From an economic point of view, it has involved a process of “reprimarization” of Latin American economies, emphasizing their reorientation toward mainly extractive or rent-based activities, with little added value. According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, in 2011 agricultural, mineral, and commodity raw materials represented 76 percent of the exports of the countries of the Union of South American Nations, compared to only 34 percent for the world as a whole. The manufacture of advanced technology, in comparison, represented 7 percent and 25 percent, respectively (UNCTAD 2014). China’s entry in the global market compounds the situation, as it quickly imposes itself as an unequal South Atlantic Quarterly
Topik & Kata Kunci
Penulis (1)
M. Svampa
Akses Cepat
- Tahun Terbit
- 2015
- Bahasa
- en
- Total Sitasi
- 373×
- Sumber Database
- Semantic Scholar
- DOI
- 10.1215/00382876-2831290
- Akses
- Open Access ✓