The spatial differentiation characteristics and influencing mechanisms of intangible cultural heritage in China

Intangible cultural heritage represents a cultural evolution shaped by human responses to adapting and transforming environments. Unveiling the characteristics and patterns of its spatial distribution can offer a more scientific foundation for the protection of intangible cultural heritage and the development of heritage tourism. By using ArcGIS software and Geo-detector, the regional differentiation characteristics and influencing mechanisms of Intangible Cultural Heritage, specifically the Hometown of Chinese Folk Culture and Art (HCFCA), have been investigated. Results show that the distribution and structure of HCFCA in China vary significantly across regions and categories. Eastern China holds the highest number, while Southern China has fewer. Traditional fine arts and dance dominate, with folk literature being less represented. HCFCA exhibits a clear clustering trend, reflecting a “Polycentric Agglomeration” pattern, particularly in traditional drama, calligraphy, craftsmanship, sports, performing arts, and acrobatics. The study presents an influential mechanism model, with the natural environment as foundational, economic development as the primary driver, social development as supplementary support, and historical background as a catalyzing factor. This understanding not only enriches theoretical insights but also provides a scientific basis for the protection of intangible cultural heritage and the development of heritage tourism.