POLITICAL ASPECTS OF THE HISTORY OF STATEHOOD OF EUROPEAN PARLIAMENTARY MONARCHIES

The purpose of the article is to consider the key political and historical aspects of the transformation of the monarchical systems of modern European states. The parliamentary monarchy is one of the main forms of government represented in the European historical region, and at the same time acts as a priority for adaptation to the modern political context. Europe has extensive experience of monarchism, which makes studding monarchies a priority in the analysis of a number of European states, including countries such as the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Principalities of Andorra, Liechtenstein and Monaco, the Kingdoms of Belgium, Denmark, Spain, Norway and Sweden, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. The author studies the influence of historical events on political changes in countries and the further evolution of the form of government. Today the problem of historical experience influence on the development of hereditary power systems and the current state of political institutions seems to be insufficiently studied. Using historical, institutional and systemic methods, the author explores the patterns of evolution of European parliamentary monarchies. The author notes the natural and progressive development of hereditary statehood within the adaptation to a changing historical context. Historical epochs present new challenges to the hereditary power systems, which require their change and adaptation in order to preserve statehood and prevent the abolition of the monarchy. The influence of the political and historical process over the modern political systems of European states with hereditary power is noted. The onset of the era of well–established European democracy, which during the XX - XXI centuries is one of the key factors encouraging European monarchies to make political changes in favor of reducing the personal power of the sovereign in favor of representative institutions of power. As a result, the author emphasizes that modern institutions of the monarchical component were able to ensure the current level of political stability as a consequence of the accumulation of the effect of historical events, including remote episodes of centuries and millennia ago. The author shows that the political culture of countries and the general historical experience directly affect the current state of monarchical institutions. The study results can be applied in the modern political systems analysis of European parliamentary monarchies, as well as in the historical research context. Thus, the author proves that, when conducting political and historical studies of states with a hereditary form of government, it is necessary not only to refer to the current state, but also to take into account the historical specifics of the development of statehood. Historical experience helps to better understand the current state of government institutions, and also use them in making managerial decisions regarding further reform of a monarchical regime.