Impact of Instability on the Effectiveness of Foreign Economic Activity of Automotive Industry Enterprises

The article examines the impact of external environment instability on the effectiveness of foreign economic activity of enterprises in the automotive industry. In the context of global economic turbulence, geopolitical tensions, disruption of supply chains and fluctuations in exchange rates, automotive enterprises are experiencing significant pressure, which reduces their competitiveness in international markets. The automotive industry, as one of the most important components of the industry, has undergone serious structural transformations, lost part of its production capacity and logistics routes, which negatively affected export volumes, participation in global supply chains and the competitiveness of Ukrainian products in foreign markets. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the main types of instability - economic, political and institutional - and the mechanisms of their influence on foreign economic operations. Based on statistical data and examples of the activities of leading Ukrainian and foreign companies in the industry, the key risk factors that lead to a decrease in the efficiency of exports and imports, loss of positions in foreign markets, and an increase in logistics and insurance costs are analyzed. The author's definition of instability in foreign economic activity is proposed as a set of unpredictable economic, political, technological, and legal changes that require adaptive behavior of enterprises. The challenges that enterprises face when adapting to changes in customs regulations, trade restrictions, and sanctions are separately considered. Directions for increasing the stability of foreign economic activity in conditions of instability are proposed: diversification of sales markets, digitalization of logistics processes, introduction of flexible risk management strategies, expansion of partnership relations within international integration associations. The need to form an adaptive model of foreign economic policy of enterprises in the automotive industry, which takes into account the multifactorial nature of the risks of the modern global environment, is substantiated. The results of the study can be used in developing strategies for foreign economic activity of enterprises, forming state policy to support export-oriented industries, as well as in scientific research devoted to the issues of economic security and industrial development in order to increase the international stability of Ukrainian automobile manufacturing enterprises.