Spectroscopic Analysis of Optical Emission from Partial Discharge for High Voltage Insulation Condition Monitoring

Partial discharges (PDs) often begin by electric insulation failure, which is the primary cause of apparatus breakdown in high-voltage networks. Electromagnetic interference, low sensitivity, and lack of spatial accuracy are among of the issues with conventional electrical PD detection techniques. This study uses spectroscopic measurement of light released during partial discharges to present an optical emission-based monitoring method. The research investigates the deployment of photodetectors and optical materials to record and examine the UV and visible light patterns linked to PD occurrences in the cable joints and air-insulated switchgear. As a non-invasive and EMI-immune diagnostic instrument, emission spectra related to insulation health and discharge intensity. Spectral decomposition and discharge dynamics visualization are achieved by the development of simulation models based on MATLAB. A controlled high-voltage setup with optical sensors and spectrometers is used for experimental validation. This method allows for early defect detection in high voltage electrical systems without physical contact, which increases safety and predictive maintenance capabilities.