Smart Behavioral Analytics over a Low-Cost IoT Wi-Fi Tracking Real Deployment

In a more and more urbanized World, the so-called Smart Cities need to be driven by the principles of efficiency and sustainability. Information and Communications Technologies and, in particular, the Internet of Things will play a key role on this, since they will allow monitoring and optimizing all the municipal services that exist and shall exist. People flow monitoring stands out in this context due to its wide range of applications, spanning from monitoring transport infrastructure to physical security applications. There are different techniques to perform people flow monitoring, presenting pros and cons, as in any other engineering problem. Typically, the options that provide the most accurate results are also the most expensive ones, whereas there are cases where presence detection in given areas is enough and cost is a limiting factor. The main goal of this paper is to prove that a minimal deployment of sensors, combined with the adequate analysis and visualization algorithms, can render useful results. In order to achieve this goal, a dataset is used with 1-year data from a real infrastructure composed of 9 Wi-Fi tracking sensors deployed in the Telecommunications Engineering School of Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, which is visited by 4000 people daily and covers 1.8 hectares. The data analysis includes time and occupancy, position of people, and identification of common behaviors, as well as a comparison of the accuracy of the considered solution with actual data and a video monitoring system available at the library of the school. The obtained insights can be used for optimizing the management and operation of the school, as well as for other similar infrastructures and, in general, for other kind of applications which require not very accurate people flow monitoring at low cost.