3D printing parameters, supporting structures, slicing, and post-processing procedures of vat-polymerization additive manufacturing technologies: A narrative review.

OBJECTIVE To review the elements of the vat-polymerization workflow, including the 3D printing parameters, support structures, slicing, and post-processing procedures, as well as how these elements affect the characteristics of the manufactured dental devices. DATA Collection of published articles related to vat-polymerization technologies including manufacturing workflow description, and printing parameters definition and evaluation of its influence on the mechanical properties of vat-polymerized dental devices was performed. SOURCES Three search engines were selected namely Medline/PubMed, EBSCO, and Cochrane. A manual search was also conducted. STUDY SELECTION The selection of the optimal printing and supporting parameters, slicing, and post-processing procedures based on dental application is in continuous improvement. As well as their influence on the characteristics of the additively manufactured (AM) devices such as surface roughness, printing accuracy, and mechanical properties of the dental device. RESULTS The accuracy and properties of the AM dental devices are influenced by the manufacturing trinomial namely technology, printer, and material selected. The printing parameters, printing structures, slicing methods, and the post-processing techniques significantly influence on the surface roughness, printing accuracy, and mechanical properties of the manufactured dental device; however, the optimization of each one may vary depending on the clinical application of the additively manufactured device. CONCLUSIONS The printing parameters, supporting structures, slicing, and post-processing procedures have been identified, but further studies are required to determine the optimal manufacturing protocol and enhance the properties of the AM polymer dental devices. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The understanding of the factors involved in the additive manufacturing workflow leads to a printing success and better outcome of the additively manufactured dental device.