Connecting the dots between battlefield tourism and creative tourism: the case of the Peninsular War in Portugal

ABSTRACT This exploratory research provides insights into the intersection between battlefield tourism and creative tourism in Portugal. Battlefield tourism focused on the Peninsular Wars (1807-1814) has drawn the attention of local stakeholders, although it is an under-researched academic theme. Furthermore, limited research has been undertaken about the links between battlefield tourism and creative tourism, despite its impact on communities, touristic experiences and themed events. As such, this study aims (i) to identify factors that contribute to enhancing heritage through battlefield tourism and how heritage-themed tourism events like re-enactments and historical recreations play an important role in the touristic activation of a community and (ii) to clarify the role of stakeholders, creative tourism experiences and tourist perceptions as part of battlefield tourism development. Through in-depth qualitative interviews with stakeholders (tourism agents, guides and tour operators), findings reveal that stakeholders value re-enactments and ‘living history’ as part of the creative experience, promoting interactive, diverse and more enriching contact with local cultures. Creative tourism appears as a key driver in the success of tourism in these destinations, enhancing the participation of local communities, network cooperation, sustainable development, local identity and memory. Finally, theoretical contributions and new lines of investigation are discussed.