Semantic Scholar Open Access 2020 5613 sitasi

Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Christopher J L Aleksandr Y Peng Cristiana Kaja M Mohsen Foad Murray Aravkin Zheng Abbafati Abbas Abbasi-Kangeva C. Murray A. Aravkin P. Zheng C. Abbafati +495 lainnya

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Summary Background Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease. Methods GBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of risk factors, at the global level, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. GBD uses a hierarchical list of risk factors so that specific risk factors (eg, sodium intake), and related aggregates (eg, diet quality), are both evaluated. This method has six analytical steps. (1) We included 560 risk–outcome pairs that met criteria for convincing or probable evidence on the basis of research studies. 12 risk–outcome pairs included in GBD 2017 no longer met inclusion criteria and 47 risk–outcome pairs for risks already included in GBD 2017 were added based on new evidence. (2) Relative risks were estimated as a function of exposure based on published systematic reviews, 81 systematic reviews done for GBD 2019, and meta-regression. (3) Levels of exposure in each age-sex-location-year included in the study were estimated based on all available data sources using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression method, or alternative methods. (4) We determined, from published trials or cohort studies, the level of exposure associated with minimum risk, called the theoretical minimum risk exposure level. (5) Attributable deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs were computed by multiplying population attributable fractions (PAFs) by the relevant outcome quantity for each age-sex-location-year. (6) PAFs and attributable burden for combinations of risk factors were estimated taking into account mediation of different risk factors through other risk factors. Across all six analytical steps, 30 652 distinct data sources were used in the analysis. Uncertainty in each step of the analysis was propagated into the final estimates of attributable burden. Exposure levels for dichotomous, polytomous, and continuous risk factors were summarised with use of the summary exposure value to facilitate comparisons over time, across location, and across risks. Because the entire time series from 1990 to 2019 has been re-estimated with use of consistent data and methods, these results supersede previously published GBD estimates of attributable burden. Findings The largest declines in risk exposure from 2010 to 2019 were among a set of risks that are strongly linked to social and economic development, including household air pollution; unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing; and child growth failure. Global declines also occurred for tobacco smoking and lead exposure. The largest increases in risk exposure were for ambient particulate matter pollution, drug use, high fasting plasma glucose, and high body-mass index. In 2019, the leading Level 2 risk factor globally for attributable deaths was high systolic blood pressure, which accounted for 10·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·51–12·1) deaths (19·2% [16·9–21·3] of all deaths in 2019), followed by tobacco (smoked, second-hand, and chewing), which accounted for 8·71 million (8·12–9·31) deaths (15·4% [14·6–16·2] of all deaths in 2019). The leading Level 2 risk factor for attributable DALYs globally in 2019 was child and maternal malnutrition, which largely affects health in the youngest age groups and accounted for 295 million (253–350) DALYs (11·6% [10·3–13·1] of all global DALYs that year). The risk factor burden varied considerably in 2019 between age groups and locations. Among children aged 0–9 years, the three leading detailed risk factors for attributable DALYs were all related to malnutrition. Iron deficiency was the leading risk factor for those aged 10–24 years, alcohol use for those aged 25–49 years, and high systolic blood pressure for those aged 50–74 years and 75 years and older. Interpretation Overall, the record for reducing exposure to harmful risks over the past three decades is poor. Success with reducing smoking and lead exposure through regulatory policy might point the way for a stronger role for public policy on other risks in addition to continued efforts to provide information on risk factor harm to the general public. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Topik & Kata Kunci

Medicine

Penulis (500)

Christopher J L Aleksandr Y Peng Cristiana Kaja M Mohsen Foad Murray Aravkin Zheng Abbafati Abbas Abbasi-Kangeva

C. Murray

A. Aravkin

P. Zheng

C. Abbafati

K. Abbas

M. Abbasi-Kangevari

F. Abd-Allah

A. Abdelalim

M. Abdollahi

Ibrahim Abdollahpour

Kedir Hussein Abegaz

Hassan Abolhassani

Victor Aboyans

Lucas Guimarães Abreu

M. R. Abrigo

Ahmed Abualhasan

L. Abu-Raddad

A. Abushouk

M. Adabi

Victor Adekanmbi

A. Adeoye

O. Adetokunboh

Davoud Adham

S. Advani

Gina Agarwal

S. K. Aghamir

Anurag Agrawal

Tauseef Ahmad

K. Ahmadi

Mehdi Ahmadi

H. Ahmadieh

M. Ahmed

T. Akalu

R. Akinyemi

T. Akinyemiju

B. Akombi

C. Akunna

Fares Alahdab

Z. Al-Aly

K. Alam

Samiah Alam

Tahiya Alam

F. Alanezi

Turki M. Alanzi

B. Alemu

K. Alhabib

Muhammad Ali

Saqib Ali

G. Alicandro

C. Alinia

V. Alipour

H. Alizade

S. Aljunid

François Alla

Peter Allebeck

A. Almasi-Hashiani

Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi

Jordi Alonso

K. Altirkawi

Mostafa Amini-Rarani

Fatemeh Amiri

D. Amugsi

R. Ancuceanu

D. Anderlini

Jason A Anderson

C. Andrei

Tudorel Andrei

Colin Angus

Mina Anjomshoa

F. Ansari

A. Ansari-Moghaddam

I. Antonazzo

C. Antonio

C. Antony

E. Antriyandarti

Davood Anvari

R. Anwer

Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah

J. Arabloo

M. Arab-Zozani

F. Ariani

Bahram Armoon

J. Ärnlöv

A. Arzani

Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi

A. Asadi-Pooya

Charlie Ashbaugh

Michael Assmus

Z. Atafar

Desta Debalkie Atnafu

M. Atout

F. Ausloos

M. Ausloos

B. A. Ayala Quintanilla

Getinet Ayano

M. Ayanore

S. Azari

G. Azarian

Z. N. Azene

A. Badawi

A. Badiye

M. Bahrami

M. Bakhshaei

A. Bakhtiari

Shankar M. Bakkannavar

Alberto Baldasseroni

Kylie Ball

S. Ballew

Daniela Balzi

Maciej Banach

Srikanta K Banerjee

Agegnehu Bante

A. G. Baraki

S. Barker-Collo

T. Bärnighausen

L. Barrero

Celine M Barthelemy

Lingkan Barua

S. Basu

B. Baune

M. Bayati

Jacob S. Becker

Neeraj Bedi

Ettore Beghi

Y. Béjot

M. L. Bell

F. Bennitt

I. Benseñor

Kidanemaryam Berhe

Adam E. Berman

A. Bhagavathula

R. Bhageerathy

N. Bhala

Dinesh Bhandari

Krittika Bhattacharyya

Z. Bhutta

A. Bijani

B. Bikbov

M. B. Bin Sayeed

A. Biondi

Binyam Minuye Birihane

C. Bisignano

R. Biswas

Helen Bitew

S. Bohlouli

Mehdi Bohluli

Alexandra S. Boon-Dooley

G. Borges

A. Borzì

S. Borzouei

C. Bosetti

S. Boufous

D. Braithwaite

N. Breitborde

S. Breitner

H. Brenner

P. Briant

A. Briko

N. Briko

Gabrielle Britton

Dana Bryazka

Blair R Bumgarner

K. Burkart

R. Burnett

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Z. Butt

F. L. Caetano dos Santos

Leah E Cahill

L. Cámera

Ismael Campos-Nonato

Rosario Cárdenas

G. Carreras

J. Carrero

F. Carvalho

J. Castaldelli-Maia

C. Castañeda-Orjuela

G. Castelpietra

Franz Castro

K. Causey

Christopher R. Cederroth

Kelly M. Cercy

Ester Cerin

J. Chandan

Kai-Lan Chang

F. Charlson

Vijay Kumar Chattu

S. Chaturvedi

N. Cherbuin

Odgerel Chimed-Ochir

Daniel Cho

J. Choi

H. Christensen

D. Chu

Michael T. Chung

S. Chung

F. Cicuttini

Liliana G. Ciobanu

Massimo Cirillo

T. Classen

Aaron J. Cohen

K. Compton

Owen R. Cooper

V. M. Costa

Ewerton Cousin

R. Cowden

Di H. Cross

Jessica A Cruz

Saad M A Dahlawi

Albertino Damasceno

G. Damiani

L. Dandona

R. Dandona

W. J. Dangel

A. Danielsson

P. Dargan

A. Darwesh

A. Daryani

Jai K Das

R. Das Gupta

J. D. das Neves

C. Dávila-Cervantes

D. Davițoiu

Diego De Leo

L. Degenhardt

Marissa N Delang

R. Dellavalle

F. M. Demeke

Gebre Teklemariam Demoz

D. Demsie

E. Denova-Gutiérrez

Nikolaos Dervenis

G. Dhungana

M. Dianatinasab

D. Dias da Silva

Daniel Diaz

Z. S. Dibaji Forooshani

S. Djalalinia

H. Do

K. Dokova

Fariba Dorostkar

L. Doshmangir

T. Driscoll

B. B. Duncan

A. Durães

Arielle Eagan

D. Edvardsson

Nevine M. El Nahas

Iman El Sayed

M. El Tantawi

I. Elbarazi

I. Elgendy

S. El-Jaafary

I. Elyazar

Sophia Emmons-Bell

H. Erskine

S. Eskandarieh

S. Esmaeilnejad

Alireza Esteghamati

Kara Estep

A. Etemadi

Atkilt Esaiyas Etisso

J. Fanzo

Mohammad Farahmand

Mohammad Fareed

R. Faridnia

Andrea Farioli

Andre Faro

M. Faruque

F. Farzadfar

N. Fattahi

Mehdi Fazlzadeh

Valery L. Feigin

Rachel Feldman

S. Fereshtehnejad

Eduarda Fernandes

Giannina Ferrara

A. Ferrari

Manuela L Ferreira

I. Filip

Florian Fischer

James L. Fisher

L. Flor

N. Foigt

M. Foláyan

A. Fomenkov

Lisa M. Force

M. Foroutan

R. Franklin

Marisa Freitas

Weijia Fu

T. Fukumoto

João M. Furtado

M. Gad

E. Gakidou

S. Gallus

A. García-Basteiro

W. M. Gardner

Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam

Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Gebreslassie

A. Geremew

Anna Gershberg Hayoon

P. Gething

Maryam Ghadimi

K. Ghadiri

F. Ghaffarifar

M. Ghafourifard

F. Ghamari

A. Ghashghaee

H. Ghiasvand

N. Ghith

A. Gholamian

Rakesh Ghosh

P. Gill

T. Ginindza

G. Giussani

E. Gnedovskaya

Salime Goharinezhad

S. Gopalani

G. Gorini

H. Goudarzi

A. Goulart

Felix Greaves

Michale Grivna

Giuseppe Grosso

M. I. Gubari

H. Gugnani

R. Guimarães

Rashid Abdi Guled

Gaorui Guo

Yuming Guo

R. Gupta

Tarun Gupta

Beatrix Haddock

N. Hafezi-Nejad

Abdul Hafiz

A. Haj-Mirzaian

Brian J. Hall

Iman Halvaei

R. Hamadeh

S. Hamidi

M. Hammer

G. Hankey

H. Haririan

J. Haro

Ahmed I Hasaballah

M. Hasan

E. Hasanpoor

Abdiwahab Hashi

S. Hassanipour

H. Hassankhani

Rasmus J. Havmoeller

Simon Iain Hay

Khezar Hayat

G. Heidari

R. Heidari-Soureshjani

Hannah Henrikson

Molly E Herbert

C. Herteliu

F. Heydarpour

T. Hird

Hans W. Hoek

R. Holla

Praveen Hoogar

H. Hosgood

Naznin Hossain

M. Hosseini

M. Hosseinzadeh

M. Hostiuc

S. Hostiuc

Mowafa J Househ

M. Hsairi

V. Hsieh

G. Hu

K. Hu

Tanvir M. Huda

A. Humayun

Chantal K Huynh

Bing-Fang Hwang

Vincent C Iannucci

S. E. Ibitoye

Nayu Ikeda

K. Ikuta

O S Ilesanmi

Irena Ilic

Milena Ilic

L. Inbaraj

Helen Ippolito

Usman Iqbal

S. Irvani

C. Irvine

M. M. Islam

Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam

Hiroyasu Iso

Rebecca Q Ivers

C. C. Iwu

C. Iwu

I. Iyamu

J. Jaafari

K. Jacobsen

Hussain Jafari

M. Jafarinia

M. Jahani

M. Jakovljevic

F. Jalilian

S. James

H. Janjani

Tahereh Javaheri

Javad Javidnia

P. Jeemon

E. Jenabi

R. Jha

Vivekanand Jha

John S. Ji

Lars Johansson

Oommen John

Y. John-Akinola

C. Johnson

J. Jonas

F. Joukar

J. Jozwiak

M. Jürisson

Alia Kabir

Zubair Kabir

H. Kalani

Rizwan Kalani

L. Kalankesh

R. Kalhor

T. Kanchan

Neeti Kapoor

B. Karami Matin

André Karch

M. Karim

G. Kassa

S. Katikireddi

G. Kayode

Ali Kazemi Karyani

P. Keiyoro

Cathleen Keller

L. Kemmer

Parkes Kendrick

Nauman Khalid

M. Khammarnia

E. Khan

Maseer Khan

Khaled Khatab

M. Khater

M. Khatib

M. Khayamzadeh

Salman Khazaei

C. Kieling

Y. Kim

R. Kimokoti

A. Kisa

S. Kisa

Mika Kivimäki

Luke D. Knibbs

A. Knudsen

Jonathan M Kocarnik

S. Kochhar

Jacek A. Kopec

V. A. Korshunov

P. Koul

A. Koyanagi

Moritz U. G. Kraemer

K. Krishan

Kristopher J. Krohn

H. Kromhout

Barthelemy Kuate Defo

G. Kumar

Vivek Kumar

O. Kurmi

Dian Kusuma

C. La Vecchia

Ben Lacey

D. Lal

R. Lalloo

T. Lallukka

F. Lami

I. Landires

Justin J. Lang

S. Langan

Anders O. Larsson

Savita Lasrado

P. Lauriola

J. Lazarus

P. Lee

Shaun Wen Huey Lee

K. LeGrand

J. Leigh

Matilde Leonardi

H. Lescinsky

Janni Leung

Miriam Levi

Shanshan Li

Lee-Ling Lim

S. Linn

Shiwei Liu

Simin Liu

Format Sitasi

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Abbasi-Kangeva, C.J.L.A.Y.P.C.K.M.M.F.M.A.Z.A.A., Murray, C., Aravkin, A., Zheng, P., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K. et al. (2020). Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30752-2

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Alinia and V. Alipour and H. Alizade and S. Aljunid and François Alla and Peter Allebeck and A. Almasi-Hashiani and Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi and Jordi Alonso and K. Altirkawi and Mostafa Amini-Rarani and Fatemeh Amiri and D. Amugsi and R. Ancuceanu and D. Anderlini and Jason A Anderson and C. Andrei and Tudorel Andrei and Colin Angus and Mina Anjomshoa and F. Ansari and A. Ansari-Moghaddam and I. Antonazzo and C. Antonio and C. Antony and E. Antriyandarti and Davood Anvari and R. Anwer and Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah and J. Arabloo and M. Arab-Zozani and F. Ariani and Bahram Armoon and J. Ärnlöv and A. Arzani and Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi and A. Asadi-Pooya and Charlie Ashbaugh and Michael Assmus and Z. Atafar and Desta Debalkie Atnafu and M. Atout and F. Ausloos and M. Ausloos and B. A. Ayala Quintanilla and Getinet Ayano and M. Ayanore and S. Azari and G. Azarian and Z. N. Azene and A. Badawi and A. Badiye and M. Bahrami and M. Bakhshaei and A. Bakhtiari and Shankar M. Bakkannavar and Alberto Baldasseroni and Kylie Ball and S. Ballew and Daniela Balzi and Maciej Banach and Srikanta K Banerjee and Agegnehu Bante and A. G. Baraki and S. Barker-Collo and T. Bärnighausen and L. Barrero and Celine M Barthelemy and Lingkan Barua and S. Basu and B. Baune and M. Bayati and Jacob S. Becker and Neeraj Bedi and Ettore Beghi and Y. Béjot and M. L. Bell and F. Bennitt and I. Benseñor and Kidanemaryam Berhe and Adam E. Berman and A. Bhagavathula and R. Bhageerathy and N. Bhala and Dinesh Bhandari and Krittika Bhattacharyya and Z. Bhutta and A. Bijani and B. Bikbov and M. B. Bin Sayeed and A. Biondi and Binyam Minuye Birihane and C. Bisignano and R. Biswas and Helen Bitew and S. Bohlouli and Mehdi Bohluli and Alexandra S. Boon-Dooley and G. Borges and A. Borzì and S. Borzouei and C. Bosetti and S. Boufous and D. Braithwaite and N. Breitborde and S. Breitner and H. Brenner and P. Briant and A. Briko and N. Briko and Gabrielle Britton and Dana Bryazka and Blair R Bumgarner and K. Burkart and R. Burnett and Sharath Burugina Nagaraja and Z. Butt and F. L. Caetano dos Santos and Leah E Cahill and L. Cámera and Ismael Campos-Nonato and Rosario Cárdenas and G. Carreras and J. Carrero and F. Carvalho and J. Castaldelli-Maia and C. Castañeda-Orjuela and G. Castelpietra and Franz Castro and K. Causey and Christopher R. Cederroth and Kelly M. Cercy and Ester Cerin and J. Chandan and Kai-Lan Chang and F. Charlson and Vijay Kumar Chattu and S. Chaturvedi and N. Cherbuin and Odgerel Chimed-Ochir and Daniel Cho and J. Choi and H. Christensen and D. Chu and Michael T. Chung and S. Chung and F. Cicuttini and Liliana G. Ciobanu and Massimo Cirillo and T. Classen and Aaron J. Cohen and K. Compton and Owen R. Cooper and V. M. Costa and Ewerton Cousin and R. Cowden and Di H. Cross and Jessica A Cruz and Saad M A Dahlawi and Albertino Damasceno and G. Damiani and L. Dandona and R. Dandona and W. J. Dangel and A. Danielsson and P. Dargan and A. Darwesh and A. Daryani and Jai K Das and R. Das Gupta and J. D. das Neves and C. Dávila-Cervantes and D. Davițoiu and Diego De Leo and L. Degenhardt and Marissa N Delang and R. Dellavalle and F. M. Demeke and Gebre Teklemariam Demoz and D. Demsie and E. Denova-Gutiérrez and Nikolaos Dervenis and G. Dhungana and M. Dianatinasab and D. Dias da Silva and Daniel Diaz and Z. S. Dibaji Forooshani and S. Djalalinia and H. Do and K. Dokova and Fariba Dorostkar and L. Doshmangir and T. Driscoll and B. B. Duncan and A. Durães and Arielle Eagan and D. Edvardsson and Nevine M. El Nahas and Iman El Sayed and M. El Tantawi and I. Elbarazi and I. Elgendy and S. El-Jaafary and I. Elyazar and Sophia Emmons-Bell and H. Erskine and S. Eskandarieh and S. Esmaeilnejad and Alireza Esteghamati and Kara Estep and A. Etemadi and Atkilt Esaiyas Etisso and J. Fanzo and Mohammad Farahmand and Mohammad Fareed and R. Faridnia and Andrea Farioli and Andre Faro and M. Faruque and F. Farzadfar and N. Fattahi and Mehdi Fazlzadeh and Valery L. Feigin and Rachel Feldman and S. Fereshtehnejad and Eduarda Fernandes and Giannina Ferrara and A. Ferrari and Manuela L Ferreira and I. Filip and Florian Fischer and James L. Fisher and L. Flor and N. Foigt and M. Foláyan and A. Fomenkov and Lisa M. Force and M. Foroutan and R. Franklin and Marisa Freitas and Weijia Fu and T. Fukumoto and João M. Furtado and M. Gad and E. Gakidou and S. Gallus and A. García-Basteiro and W. M. Gardner and Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam and Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Gebreslassie and A. Geremew and Anna Gershberg Hayoon and P. Gething and Maryam Ghadimi and K. Ghadiri and F. Ghaffarifar and M. Ghafourifard and F. Ghamari and A. Ghashghaee and H. Ghiasvand and N. Ghith and A. Gholamian and Rakesh Ghosh and P. Gill and T. Ginindza and G. Giussani and E. Gnedovskaya and Salime Goharinezhad and S. Gopalani and G. Gorini and H. Goudarzi and A. Goulart and Felix Greaves and Michale Grivna and Giuseppe Grosso and M. I. Gubari and H. Gugnani and R. Guimarães and Rashid Abdi Guled and Gaorui Guo and Yuming Guo and R. Gupta and Tarun Gupta and Beatrix Haddock and N. Hafezi-Nejad and Abdul Hafiz and A. Haj-Mirzaian and A. Haj-Mirzaian and Brian J. Hall and Iman Halvaei and R. Hamadeh and S. Hamidi and M. Hammer and G. Hankey and H. Haririan and J. Haro and Ahmed I Hasaballah and M. Hasan and E. Hasanpoor and Abdiwahab Hashi and S. Hassanipour and H. Hassankhani and Rasmus J. Havmoeller and Simon Iain Hay and Khezar Hayat and G. Heidari and R. Heidari-Soureshjani and Hannah Henrikson and Molly E Herbert and C. Herteliu and F. Heydarpour and T. Hird and Hans W. Hoek and R. Holla and Praveen Hoogar and H. Hosgood and Naznin Hossain and M. Hosseini and M. Hosseinzadeh and M. Hostiuc and S. Hostiuc and Mowafa J Househ and M. Hsairi and V. Hsieh and G. Hu and K. Hu and Tanvir M. Huda and A. Humayun and Chantal K Huynh and Bing-Fang Hwang and Vincent C Iannucci and S. E. Ibitoye and Nayu Ikeda and K. Ikuta and O S Ilesanmi and Irena Ilic and Milena Ilic and L. Inbaraj and Helen Ippolito and Usman Iqbal and S. Irvani and C. Irvine and M. M. Islam and Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam and Hiroyasu Iso and Rebecca Q Ivers and C. C. Iwu and C. Iwu and I. Iyamu and J. Jaafari and K. Jacobsen and Hussain Jafari and M. Jafarinia and M. Jahani and M. Jakovljevic and F. Jalilian and S. James and H. Janjani and Tahereh Javaheri and Javad Javidnia and P. Jeemon and E. Jenabi and R. Jha and Vivekanand Jha and John S. Ji and Lars Johansson and Oommen John and Y. John-Akinola and C. Johnson and J. Jonas and F. Joukar and J. Jozwiak and M. Jürisson and Alia Kabir and Zubair Kabir and H. Kalani and Rizwan Kalani and L. Kalankesh and R. Kalhor and T. Kanchan and Neeti Kapoor and B. Karami Matin and André Karch and M. Karim and G. Kassa and S. Katikireddi and G. Kayode and Ali Kazemi Karyani and P. Keiyoro and Cathleen Keller and L. Kemmer and Parkes Kendrick and Nauman Khalid and M. Khammarnia and E. Khan and Maseer Khan and Khaled Khatab and M. Khater and M. Khatib and M. Khayamzadeh and Salman Khazaei and C. Kieling and Y. Kim and R. Kimokoti and A. Kisa and S. Kisa and Mika Kivimäki and Luke D. Knibbs and A. Knudsen and Jonathan M Kocarnik and S. Kochhar and Jacek A. Kopec and V. A. Korshunov and P. Koul and A. Koyanagi and Moritz U. G. Kraemer and K. Krishan and Kristopher J. Krohn and H. Kromhout and Barthelemy Kuate Defo and G. Kumar and Vivek Kumar and O. Kurmi and Dian Kusuma and C. La Vecchia and Ben Lacey and D. Lal and R. Lalloo and T. Lallukka and F. Lami and I. Landires and Justin J. Lang and S. Langan and Anders O. Larsson and Savita Lasrado and P. Lauriola and J. Lazarus and P. Lee and Shaun Wen Huey Lee and K. LeGrand and J. Leigh and Matilde Leonardi and H. Lescinsky and Janni Leung and Miriam Levi and Shanshan Li and Lee-Ling Lim and S. Linn and Shiwei Liu and Simin Liu}, title = {Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019}, year = {2020}, journal = {Semantic Scholar}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30752-2}, url = {https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c91c82318fc7fce59f643d70ee377bbc0805e5c7}, }

Akses Cepat

Lihat di Sumber doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30752-2

Informasi Jurnal

Tahun Terbit: 2020
Bahasa: en
Total Sitasi: 5613×
Sumber Database: Semantic Scholar
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30752-2
Akses: Open Access ✓