A MULTI MODEL TRANSPORTATION COMPLEX

The city of Makkah is Allah's most sacred place, and it is the primary destination of Muslims around the world, where millions of pilgrims and visitors are welcomed every year. Thus, it requires new well-planned projects that reflect to the world its Islamic identity and its modern development. Thus, this work has proposed an architectural project as a solution to enhance the service quality in Kudai parking land for the visitors of Al Haram Mosque. The goals of the project are to achieve the maximum comfort of Al Haram's pilgrims and visitors and to introduce better public transport services. Case studies of similar types of projects have been analyzed. Site analysis and corresponding design responses were conducted. In this work, for the proposed multi model transportation complex the estimated total net area is 17640 m2 and the gross floor area is 25200 m2. The multi model transportation complex will comprise few zone such as bus station, retail and recreation, history and heritage center, hygiene facilities, clinic, administration and services. This project is expected to solve the massive unorganized situation and chaotic pattern of public parking and buses in the area that does not reflect the city image of the holy Makkah. Keywords-megastructure, design, building, concept, city, Saudi Arabia © 2020 by Advance Scientific Research. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.08.36 INTRODUCTION Makkah is the most sacred state in the Arab world. Every year, the city receives more than 4 million Muslim pilgrims from all over the world during the Holy Pilgrimage period of Islam [1].In addition, the Makkah City is approaching another momentous occasion in its development, with the building of the Grand Mosque's third extension and as well as other large-scale projects development around the town [2]. Thus, this development together with the growth of Muslims travellers around the world to Makkah is anticipated to increase in the near future. In this relation, Makkah's requirement for a decent transport scheme is essential to ensure the safe and effective movement of the increasing number of travellers and tourists during the pilgrimage period [3]. From the 1980s, visitors to the Holy Mosque of Makkah used to park in the surrounding area and other visitors from different parts of the country used to use the old public buses known as the Khat AlBalad service [4]. Later, before the end of the 20th century, new expansions and developments of the Great Mosque of Makkah (Al Haram) were applied, so the government banned people from parking in the central areas around the Mosque [5]. Furthermore, a government transportation corporation was also set up, providing terminals and bus journeys from all Saudi regions to Al Haram area [6].At the beginning of the 21st century, many sites in Makkah were dedicated to acting as parking spaces for visitors to Al Haram such as ;Kudi and AL Resaifa parking lands [7]. These sites are now receiving a huge number of people, and most of them are complaining about the current situation. Although the government has tried to organize the flow of cars and provide other services, unfortunately they do not offer the optimum solutions [8]. Thus, this work proposes the development of a multi model transportation complex (Kudai complex) at Kudai, Makkah, which is the nearest spot to Al Haram mosque. This station consists of parking building, bus station, public square, restaurants and shops. This project will include all the facilities required to serve the Holy Mosque's pilgrims and visitors. CASE STUDIES For this work, three case studies have analysed in this work. The case studies analysed are: a. Collins Park Garage b. Marrakesh Central Bus Station c. Abu Dhabi Central Market Collins Park Garage Collins Park Garageis located at Miami, Florida, USA( Figure 1). It was designed by architect ZahaHadid. The site area of this park garage is 24100 m2. This project is a building that includes 17,000 square feet of retail space, 480 parking space, public event space, weekend food markets or outdoor movie projections. The project is aimed at LEED SILVER certification. It is located within the neighbourhood of Collins Park, the facility serves the major buildings of the area including the Miami Beach Convention Center, Lincoln Road Mall, Bass Museum, City Library. The concept of the project is to bring the street into a building and make it into an urban space. It aims to improve both strategically and creatively infrastructure, resident mobility and additional parking. A continuous vehicle circulation path that suits its purpose, yet provides the users with a unique experience and a degree of fun. Tilted floor plates formed from the spiralling ramps to create unique viewpoints when viewed from different angles. The design of the balustrades in the façades considered the safety of cars and users, and it also considered the adjacent neighbours to provide pleasant views by hiding the cars through additional high balustrade screens. A MULTI MODEL TRANSPORTATION COMPLEX Journal of critical reviews 177 Figure 1. Collins park garage Marrakesh Central Bus Station Marrakesh Central Bus Station is located at Marrakech, Morocco (Figure 2). It was designed by Narrow minded Architects, BOM Architects. The bus station has a gross floor area of 10000 m2. The project consists of three terminals, a volumetric division that places importance on the human scale and provides an effective method of occupying and activating the entire site. The design prioritizes efficiency and order, focusing on the independence of all transport flows, spatial continuity and interdependence of all buildings, creating a vibrant, green footpath linking multiple infrastructural compounds. The main areas of Marrakesh Central Bus Station are terminals, public parking, bus parking and open green space. The separate terminal buildings can serve people from different destinations and can be more controlled and