Strategy for Optimizing the Position of Whistleblowers and Justice Collaborators in Corruption Criminal Law Reform in Indonesia

Whistleblowers and justice collaborators play an important role in dismantling complex corruption networks that often involve powerful actors in government and the private sector. However, in practice, their existence still does not receive optimal legal protection. This study aims to examine the strategy for optimizing the position of whistleblowers and justice collaborators within the framework of corruption criminal law reform in Indonesia. Using a normative legal method, this study analyzes applicable laws and regulations, such as Law No. 31 of 1999 in conjunction with Law No. 20 of 2001, Law No. 13 of 2006 in conjunction with Law No. 31 of 2014, and LPSK Regulation No. 4 of 2021, as well as relevant legal theories. The study results indicate a gap between legal norms and their implementation, especially regarding the criminalization of whistleblowers, the unclear procedure for granting justice collaborator status, and the weak institutional protection of LPSK due to limited budget and authority. In addition, structural challenges and a culture of silence in the bureaucratic environment worsen the situation for whistleblowers. This study recommends revising regulations by adding an explicit prohibition on the criminalization of whistleblowers, strengthening the LPSK institution, providing financial incentives and economic protection, training law enforcers, and utilizing safe and anonymous reporting technology. This strategy is expected to encourage broader public participation in efforts to eradicate corruption and form a more just, inclusive, and sustainable legal system.