EXPERIENCE IN DESIGNING UNMANNED TRANSPORT VEHICLES AND PROSPECTS FOR THEIR USE IN CONSTRUCTION

The current stage in the development of unmanned transport vehicles is characterized by a shift from public mobility to specialized applications in controlled environments. This article analyzes promising directions in the development of unmanned technologies in mechanical engineering. Modern achievements in the automation of three key sectors are systematized: agriculture, mining, and construction. Based on a comparative analysis of international experience and literature sources, characteristic features of each sector are identified: in agriculture, there is a transitional stage from automatic driving systems to full autonomy; in the mining industry, successful industrial implementation of unmanned systems with proven economic efficiency is demonstrated; and in construction, a significant potential for integrating robotic complexes with BIM technologies is revealed. Special attention is paid to legal and infrastructural limitations hindering the widespread adoption of autonomous transport in logistics and passenger transportation. The article presents research results and practical developments in creating unmanned transport vehicles for restricted-access sectors, carried out by specialists of the Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus. The research outcomes justify focusing efforts on developing robotic complexes for applications in restricted environments, representing a strategic interest for the development of domestic mechanical engineering.