The Importance of Using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and Collective Protective Equipment (CPE) for Workers Exposed to Silica: An Updated Literature Review

This article aims to identify preventive measures for workers involved in mining activities, particularly those exposed to silica dust and at risk of developing silicosis, an occupational pulmonary disease that is progressive and irreversible. Mining environments contain various substances or products that pose health risks, including cement, rubber, wood, petroleum derivatives, epoxy resins, chromium, and nickel. Continuous exposure to these agents requires the implementation of control strategies, including respiratory protection measures, environmental monitoring, and occupational health actions, aiming to minimize occupational risks and prevent the onset of pneumoconioses. The role of the Specialized Service in Safety Engineering and Occupational Medicine (SESMT) is essential for risk identification and classification, as well as for defining the appropriate types of personal protective equipment (PPE) required for each job and sector. Periodic workplace inspections and health monitoring allow functional adjustments whenever changes are detected that may compromise workers' physical integrity. These measures also include continuous education and training on proper PPE use, emphasizing the importance of each device as a protective tool: “any device or product, for individual use by the worker, intended to protect against risks likely to threaten work safety and health” (BRAZIL, 1978). The effectiveness of preventive measures depends on multidisciplinary work involving safety, engineering, and occupational health professionals. Integration among these sectors not only reduces risks but also enables the implementation of continuous, evidence-based prevention actions. According to studies, applying knowledge from safety engineering and occupational medicine to all components of the work environment, including machinery, equipment, and processes, contributes to the elimination or reduction of health risks for workers (HAAG, 2001). The methodology adopted in this study consisted of a bibliographic review, including the analysis of scientific articles, specialized journals, technical literature, and regulatory standards (NR), aiming to understand occupational silica exposure, prevention mechanisms, and the role of occupational health and safety policies. This approach allowed the identification of effective strategies for silicosis prevention, highlighting the importance of inspection, periodic health monitoring, and proper PPE training. In conclusion, reducing the incidence of silicosis depends on a combination of engineering controls, individual protection, periodic medical follow-up, and worker awareness. Integration among SESMT, health professionals, and industrial managers is essential for implementing consistent and sustainable preventive actions, ensuring not only the protection of workers' health but also the maintenance of productivity and safety in mining environments.