Methodology for Implementing a Barrier-Oriented Approach to Risk Assessment of Personnel Injuries Based on the Haddon Model

Introduction. Modernization of production facilities, with increased automation and complexity of technological processes, leads to a greater psychophysiological burden on workers and a higher likelihood of errors. This, in turn, increases the risk of occupational injuries. The increasing number of workplace accidents underscores the economic and social importance of accident prevention, as injuries reduce productivity and increase compensation costs. Modern approaches to occupational risk management require a systematic assessment of not only the probability of an incident and the severity of its consequences, but also the state of protective mechanisms — safety barriers that limit the impact of hazardous factors. Haddon's methodology, originally developed for transportation safety, can be used to identify weak links and analyze the sequence of incidents. Its barrier-oriented principles are theoretically applicable to industrial environments. However, existing research on barrier models in industry is fragmented and does not provide a unified tool for quantifying the effectiveness of barriers and their contribution to reducing injury risks. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a method for applying a barrier-oriented approach based on the Haddon model for a comprehensive quantitative assessment of personnel injury risks. Materials and Methods. A barrier safety model was used to solve the problem of reducing occupational injuries. The study consisted of three parts. The first was a comprehensive analysis of the requirements of Russian legislation in the field of occupational risk assessment, as well as scientific publications on the use of a barrier-oriented approach. The second was the description of the methodology for determining the likelihood of a hazard based on the results of an assessment of the reliability of safety barriers. The assessment of safety barriers was conducted according to checklists using the adapted Haddon model. Finally, an illustration of practical application of barrier approach using model example was provided. Results. A methodology for using a barrier-oriented approach to assess injury risks has been developed. A method for quantifying the impact of current hazards has been defined, taking into account the reliability of safety barriers. Risk levels for the hazard realization have been determined. Both the methodological principles proposed in this study and those already applied have been considered, indicating their advantages and limitations. An example of calculating the probability of hazards occurring when lifting and moving goods using hoisting devices has been given. Discussion. The presented methodology for applying the barrier-oriented approach allows us to take into account the influence of organizational factors and human factor on the safety of production processes and to obtain quantitative estimates of the possibility of hazard occurrence. Additionally, this approach provides a comprehensive assessment of safety barriers, considering not only their presence and effectiveness, but also reliability indicators — efficiency and sustainability of operation. This creates a basis for simplifying the process of prioritizing injury prevention measures and optimizing occupational risk management systems. Conclusion. The main results of the research include a practical way to calculate the probability of hazardous production factors, as well as recommendations for gradual implementation of the developed methodology into the practice of occupational safety and health management. The practical significance of this work lies in its potential for integration of the proposed approach with operational monitoring tools in the field of occupational safety and health and in its applicability to solving problems related to worker injury risk management in various production conditions.