RESPONSABILIDADE MÉDICA E AUTONOMIA DO PACIENTE NA ERA DA TELEMEDICINA: LIMITES JURÍDICOS DO CONSENTIMENTO INFORMADO EM AMBIENTES VIRTUAIS DE CUIDADO

This article addresses the growing tension between medical responsibility and patient autonomy in the context of telemedicine, investigating the legal limits of informed consent when the care relationship unfolds in virtual environments. The study examines how the absence of direct physical contact, technological mediation, and digital access inequalities pose new challenges to the validity and effectiveness of consent, as well as to the delimitation of the physician's professional obligations. The research analyzes the current Brazilian legal framework, particularly Law No. 13,989/2020, the resolutions of the Federal Council of Medicine, and the constitutional principles of human dignity and private autonomy, articulating them with contributions from bioethics and comparative medical law. A systematic bibliographic review methodology is adopted, with analysis of national and international works indexed in databases such as SciELO, CAPES, and university repositories. The main findings indicate that the traditional model of informed consent proves insufficient to capture the particularities of teleconsultation, demanding the construction of new normative parameters that recognize the specificity of the virtual bond between physician and patient. Furthermore, the absence of uniform regulation generates legal uncertainty for both healthcare professionals and users of telemedicine services. The article concludes that the realization of patient autonomy in the digital environment requires not only legislative adaptation, but also investment in digital literacy and institutional mechanisms for consent verification.