Application of digital twins of technological farm machines during their operation and maintenance

The digital twin of a technological machine can significantly improve the efficiency of operation and service of farm machinery. The authors carried out theoretical studies to identify the effectiveness of using digital twins in terms of the technical condition of agricultural machinery. The article considers a possibility of using digital twins of technological machines during their operation and maintenance to automate repair inspections, digitize engineering information on maintenance and repair, minimize equipment downtime, and ensure quality control and the safety of operation. The authors present a functional dependency formula of the efficiency of using digital twins in operation and maintenance. It is established that reasonable decisions on maintenance and repair of equipment can be made only in case of digital twin modeling of various full and partial failures, taking into account operation modes, environmental impact and the wear intensity of parts. Therefore, the authors proposed to install RFID tags and monitoring terminals based on GPS, ISOBUS and modern software. They can analyze in real time information on the compliance of the process indicators to the specified parameters, and give instructions and control actions to the machine operator to correct the operation of tractors, working tools of implements, and units. Studies have shown the effectiveness of using digital twins of agricultural machinery as they can reduce costs for maintenance, elimination of failures, and unplanned downtime, as well as increase productivity.