Use of artificial intelligence in public administration: challenges and prospects

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has profoundly transformed virtually all areas of human activity, and public administration is no exception. The integration of AI into public management systems opens up unprecedented opportunities to increase efficiency, transparency, and responsiveness in the provision of public services. This article examines the potential, challenges, and prospects of using artificial intelligence in public administration, focusing on ethical, legal, and organizational aspects. It emphasizes that AI tools—from data analytics and machine learning to natural language processing and automated decision-making systems—can significantly contribute to improving the quality of political planning, resource allocation, and citizen participation. Through predictive modeling, intelligent data processing, and real-time monitoring, AI enables evidence-based decision-making and strengthens the adaptability of public institutions to a dynamic socioeconomic environment. At the same time, the implementation of AI in public administration presents several complex challenges. Key issues include algorithmic bias, data protection violations, a lack of transparency regarding automated decisions, and insufficient digital literacy among public sector employees. The article emphasizes that without a clear ethical framework and appropriate regulatory mechanisms, the use of AI could exacerbate social inequalities and undermine citizens’ trust in government institutions. Therefore, the development of clear governance standards for the use of AI in the public sector is essential to ensure accountability, fairness, and human oversight in all decision-making processes. The study also analyzes international experiences in AI governance, particularly in the European Union, the United States, and leading Asian countries, and identifies best practices that can be transferred to national contexts. It argues that the strategic implementation of AI should be based on the principles of open government, inclusivity, and human-centered digital transformation. The article also emphasizes the need for continuous training and development measures for public sector employees to ensure competent use of AI-based tools and the interpretation of algorithmic results. In conclusion, it is concluded that artificial intelligence represents both a challenge and an opportunity for modern public administration. It can optimize administrative processes and strengthen democratic governance, but at the same time requires new legal safeguards, ethical standards, and institutional competencies. The success of integrating AI into public administration depends crucially on the balance between technological innovation and the protection of human rights, transparency, and accountability. The future of AI in the public sector therefore lies not solely in technological progress, but in the development of responsible and sustainable political strategies that align innovation with the public interest and democratic values.