Choosing Qualitative Research: A Primer for Technology Education Researchers

A number of writers have commented on the dearth of substantive research within the field of technology education, and point to the expansion of its research agenda as a means of strengthening the discipline. Waetjen, in his call for good research in technology education, states that “the plea is to use experimental type research as much as possible” (1992, p. 30). Interestingly, the three areas of research need outlined in his essay would all lend themselves to alternative methodologies, including qualitative methodologies. More recently, others have called for an expansion in the types of research methods used. Of the 220 reports included in Zuga’s review of technology education-related research (1994), only 16 are identified as having used qualitative methods, and Zuga notes that many of those studies were conducted outside the United States. Johnson (1995) suggests that technology educators “engage in research that probes for deeper understanding rather than examining surface features.” He notes that qualitative methodologies are powerful tools for enhancing our understanding of teaching and learning, and that they have “gained increasing acceptance in recent years” (p. 4). There are compelling reasons for the selection of qualitative methodologies within the educational research arena, yet many people remain unfamiliar with these methods. Researchers trained in the use of quantitative designs face real challenges when called upon to use or teach qualitative research (Stallings, 1995). There is, however, a growing body of literature devoted to qualitative research in education, some of which is synthesized here. The goals of this article are to elaborate on the reasons for choosing qualitative methodologies, and to provide a basic introduction to the features of this type of research.