Effects of ensemble-forecasted key environmental factors on the distribution, active constituents, and transcription regulation in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.

BACKGROUND Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., with over 2000 years of medicinal use and cultivation history, is extensively used in clinical settings for treating heart disease, headache, dysmenorrhea, and amenorrhea. Constructing the geographic distribution pattern of L. chuanxiong and identifying the environmental factors limiting its range, as well as clarifying the effects of key environmental factors on the content of major active constituents and transcription regulation, could provide a scientific foundation for the conservation and effective management of this valuable medicinal resource. RESULTS The results reveal that the predominant environmental factors influencing the distribution were the minimum temperature of the coldest month (Bio6) and solar radiation (Srad), with cumulative account for 87.46% of the importance. Correlation analysis further reveals significant negative correlations between Bio6 and the content of major active constituents in L. chuanxiong, with Srad exhibiting a negative correlation with these constituents. The gene differential expression analysis indicated that the expression levels of some genes associated with growth and active constituent biosynthesis pathways, such as RPT2_13888, UVR8_16871, CLPB3_3155, and 4CLL5_116, varied significantly among locations influenced by differing key environmental factors. Consequently, alterations in the environment were found to influence the gene expression levels within these pathways, resulting in variations in the content of active constituents. CONCLUSIONS These findings contribute to an enhanced understanding of how environmental factors impact the distribution and quality of medicinal plants and offer a theoretical reference for the introduction, cultivation, quality improvement, resource utilization and management of L. chuanxiong. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.