RECENT STUDIES ON ORGANIC DIPOLAR BASED ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRO-OPTIC MATERIAL

The advancement of sensor technologies, optical computing, communication, and signal processing with ultra-broadband at GHz-THz bandwidths relies heavily on high-performance electro-optic (EO) modulators. Significant advancements have been made in silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) technologies over the past ten years, enabling devices with higher bandwidth, improved energy efficiency, reduced footprints, and significantly lessen the π-voltage-length product. Modern SOH and POH technologies take advantage of the fundamental of EO activity of organic chromophores as well as the improved electrical and optical field overlap that can be achieved in nanophotonic devices. To achieve ground-breaking performance, synergistic innovation is required from the engineering of devices to the logical design of organic EO materials. It is acknowledged that the forthcoming of information technology depends on the chip-scale integration of electronics and photonics as well as the use of the greatest features of plasmonics, photonics, and electronics to accomplish this goal. However, there are still many obstacles to overcome, such as matching the sizes of the electrical and photonic circuits, accomplishing low-loss transitions across the three fields of electronics, photonics, and plasmonics, and creating and integrating novel materials. This review concentrates on the advancement and innovations of material design of different structures of organic dipolar chromophores that highlight the importanceand influence of their structures on electrical and EO properties.