Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters of Groundwater in Various Districts of Tamil Nadu

Groundwater is one of the most important sources of drinking water for human populations. Rapid urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural activities have significantly affected groundwater quality in many regions. This study focuses on the assessment of groundwater quality by evaluating various physicochemical parameters to determine its suitability for domestic and agricultural purposes. Groundwater contamination occurs when harmful substances such as industrial chemicals, fertilizers, pesticides, sewage, and landfill leachate enter underground aquifers. These pollutants alter the natural characteristics of water and reduce its quality. Once groundwater becomes polluted, it is very difficult to restore due to the slow movement of water beneath the Earth's surface. In this study, groundwater samples were collected from six different locations in Tamil Nadu. The collected samples were analyzed for physical and chemical parameters such as colour, odour, temperature, turbidity, total hardness, chloride, fluoride, and residual chlorine. These parameters help determine water quality and suitability for drinking purposes. The results showed variations in groundwater quality among sampling locations. Some samples showed higher hardness and chloride levels due to mineral dissolution and environmental conditions. However, most parameters were within acceptable limits. Regular monitoring of groundwater quality is necessary to ensure safe water supply and protect water resources for future generations.