Chapter 2. ORIGINS
Abstrak
Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the origin of fossil hydrocarbons. All biota, even the most primitive algae and bacteria that contributed their substance to the source materials of fossil hydrocarbons in early Paleozoic times, construct their fabric by selectively drawing on a pool of four chemically well-defined classes of matter: lipids, amino acids, carbohydrates, and lignins. Of these, particularly important for eventual formation of oils are lipids, a group of closely related aliphatic hydrocarbons that include water-insoluble neutral fats, fatty acids, waxes, terpenes, and steroids. In living organisms, lipids primarily serve as sources of energy; however, during putrefaction, they are hydrolyzed to long-chain carboxy acids and subsequently decarboxylated to form alkanes. A second class of compounds that contributed to source materials was amino acids that are encountered in nature in acidic, basic, and neutral forms. A third contributor to source materials was carbohydrates, a class of compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Topik & Kata Kunci
Penulis (1)
N. Berkowitz
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- 2018
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- DOI
- 10.1016/B978-012091090-8/50002-2
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