How to Build a Quantum Supercomputer: Scaling from Hundreds to Millions of Qubits
Abstrak
In the span of four decades, quantum computation has evolved from an intellectual curiosity to a potentially realizable technology. Today, small-scale demonstrations have become possible for quantum algorithmic primitives on hundreds of physical qubits. Nevertheless, there are significant outstanding challenges in quantum hardware, fabrication, software architecture, and algorithms on the path towards a full-stack scalable quantum computing technology. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of these scaling challenges. We show how to facilitate scaling by adopting existing semiconductor technology to build much higher-quality qubits, employing systems engineering approaches, and performing distributed heterogeneous quantum-classical computing. We provide a detailed resource and sensitivity analysis for quantum applications on surface-code error-corrected quantum computers given current, target, and desired hardware specifications based on superconducting qubits, accounting for a realistic distribution of errors. We provide comprehensive resource estimates for several utility-scale applications including quantum chemistry calculations, catalyst design, NMR spectroscopy, and Fermi-Hubbard simulation. We show that orders of magnitude enhancement in performance could be obtained by a combination of hardware improvements and tight quantum-HPC integration. Furthermore, we introduce high-performance architectures for quantum-probabilistic computing with custom-designed accelerators to tackle today's industry-scale classical optimization, machine learning, and quantum simulation tasks in a cost-effective manner.
Topik & Kata Kunci
Penulis (37)
Masoud Mohseni
Artur Scherer
K. Johnson
O. Wertheim
M. Otten
Navid Anjum Aadit
Kirk M. Bresniker
Kerem Y Çamsarı
Barbara Chapman
Soumitra Chatterjee
Gebremedhin A. Dagnew
Aniello Esposito
F. Fahim
M. Fiorentino
Abdullah Khalid
Xiangzhou Kong
B. Kulchytskyy
Ruoyu Li
P. A. Lott
Igor L. Markov
R. McDermott
Giacomo Pedretti
Archit Gajjar
Allyson Silva
J. Sorebo
Panagiotis Spentzouris
Ziv Steiner
B. Torosov
Davide Venturelli
R. J. Visser
Zak Webb
Xin Zhan
Yonatan Cohen
Pooya Ronagh
A. Ho
R. Beausoleil
J. Martinis
Akses Cepat
- Tahun Terbit
- 2024
- Bahasa
- en
- Total Sitasi
- 78×
- Sumber Database
- Semantic Scholar
- DOI
- 10.48550/arXiv.2411.10406
- Akses
- Open Access ✓