Semantic Scholar Open Access 2017 623 sitasi

Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2015: a novel analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Ryan M Nancy Reed J D Thomas Martin Ellen Amanuel Alemu Barber Fullman Sorensen Bollyky McKee Nolte Abajob Ryan Barber N. Fullman Reed J. D. Sorensen Thomas J. Bollyky +495 lainnya

Lihat Sumber DOI

Abstrak

Summary Background National levels of personal health-care access and quality can be approximated by measuring mortality rates from causes that should not be fatal in the presence of effective medical care (ie, amenable mortality). Previous analyses of mortality amenable to health care only focused on high-income countries and faced several methodological challenges. In the present analysis, we use the highly standardised cause of death and risk factor estimates generated through the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) to improve and expand the quantification of personal health-care access and quality for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. Methods We mapped the most widely used list of causes amenable to personal health care developed by Nolte and McKee to 32 GBD causes. We accounted for variations in cause of death certification and misclassifications through the extensive data standardisation processes and redistribution algorithms developed for GBD. To isolate the effects of personal health-care access and quality, we risk-standardised cause-specific mortality rates for each geography-year by removing the joint effects of local environmental and behavioural risks, and adding back the global levels of risk exposure as estimated for GBD 2015. We employed principal component analysis to create a single, interpretable summary measure–the Healthcare Quality and Access (HAQ) Index–on a scale of 0 to 100. The HAQ Index showed strong convergence validity as compared with other health-system indicators, including health expenditure per capita (r=0·88), an index of 11 universal health coverage interventions (r=0·83), and human resources for health per 1000 (r=0·77). We used free disposal hull analysis with bootstrapping to produce a frontier based on the relationship between the HAQ Index and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a measure of overall development consisting of income per capita, average years of education, and total fertility rates. This frontier allowed us to better quantify the maximum levels of personal health-care access and quality achieved across the development spectrum, and pinpoint geographies where gaps between observed and potential levels have narrowed or widened over time. Findings Between 1990 and 2015, nearly all countries and territories saw their HAQ Index values improve; nonetheless, the difference between the highest and lowest observed HAQ Index was larger in 2015 than in 1990, ranging from 28·6 to 94·6. Of 195 geographies, 167 had statistically significant increases in HAQ Index levels since 1990, with South Korea, Turkey, Peru, China, and the Maldives recording among the largest gains by 2015. Performance on the HAQ Index and individual causes showed distinct patterns by region and level of development, yet substantial heterogeneities emerged for several causes, including cancers in highest-SDI countries; chronic kidney disease, diabetes, diarrhoeal diseases, and lower respiratory infections among middle-SDI countries; and measles and tetanus among lowest-SDI countries. While the global HAQ Index average rose from 40·7 (95% uncertainty interval, 39·0–42·8) in 1990 to 53·7 (52·2–55·4) in 2015, far less progress occurred in narrowing the gap between observed HAQ Index values and maximum levels achieved; at the global level, the difference between the observed and frontier HAQ Index only decreased from 21·2 in 1990 to 20·1 in 2015. If every country and territory had achieved the highest observed HAQ Index by their corresponding level of SDI, the global average would have been 73·8 in 2015. Several countries, particularly in eastern and western sub-Saharan Africa, reached HAQ Index values similar to or beyond their development levels, whereas others, namely in southern sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and south Asia, lagged behind what geographies of similar development attained between 1990 and 2015. Interpretation This novel extension of the GBD Study shows the untapped potential for personal health-care access and quality improvement across the development spectrum. Amid substantive advances in personal health care at the national level, heterogeneous patterns for individual causes in given countries or territories suggest that few places have consistently achieved optimal health-care access and quality across health-system functions and therapeutic areas. This is especially evident in middle-SDI countries, many of which have recently undergone or are currently experiencing epidemiological transitions. The HAQ Index, if paired with other measures of health-system characteristics such as intervention coverage, could provide a robust avenue for tracking progress on universal health coverage and identifying local priorities for strengthening personal health-care quality and access throughout the world. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Topik & Kata Kunci

Medicine Geography

Penulis (500)

Ryan M Nancy Reed J D Thomas Martin Ellen Amanuel Alemu Barber Fullman Sorensen Bollyky McKee Nolte Abajob

Ryan Barber

N. Fullman

Reed J. D. Sorensen

Thomas J. Bollyky

Martin McKee

E. Nolte

A. Abajobir

Kalkidan Hassen Abate

C. Abbafati

K. Abbas

F. Abd-Allah

A. Abdulle

A. Abdurahman

S. Abera

Biju Abraham

Girmatsion Fisseha Abreha

Kelemework Adane

A. Adelekan

I. Adetifa

A. Afshin

Arnav Agarwal

S. Agarwal

Anurag Agrawal

A. Kiadaliri

Alireza Ahmadi

K. Ahmed

M. Ahmed

R. Akinyemi

Tomi F Akinyemiju

N. Akseer

Z. Al-Aly

Khurshid Alam

N. Alam

S. S. Alam

Z. A. Alemu

Kefyalew Addis Alene

Lily T Alexander

Raghib Ali

S. D. Ali

Reza Alizadeh-Navaei

A. Alkerwi

François Alla

Peter Allebeck

Christine Allen

R. Al-Raddadi

U. Alsharif

K. Altirkawi

E. Martín

N. Alvis-Guzmán

A. Amare

E. Amini

Walid Ammar

J. Amo‐Adjei

Y. Amoako

Benjamin O Anderson

Sofia Androudi

Hossein Ansari

Mustafa Geleto Ansha

C. Antonio

Johan Ärnlöv

A. Artaman

H. Asayesh

R. Assadi

Ayalew Astatkie

T. Atey

S. Atique

N. Atnafu

Sachin R. Atre

L. Ávila-Burgos

Euripide Avokpaho

B. Quintanilla

A. Awasthi

N. Ayele

Peter Azzopardi

H. Saleem

T. Bärnighausen

U. Bacha

A. Badawi

Amitava Banerjee

Aleksandra Barac

Miguel A Barboza

S. Barker-Collo

L. Barrero

S. Basu

B. Baune

K. Baye

Y. Bayou

S. Bazargan-Hejazi

Neeraj Bedi

Ettore Beghi

Y. Béjot

A. Bello

Derrick A. Bennett

Isabela M. Benseñor

A. Berhane

Eduardo Bernabé

O. Bernal

A. Beyene

T. Beyene

Z. Bhutta

S. Biadgilign

B. Bikbov

Sait Mentes Birlik

C. Birungi

S. Biryukov

D. Bisanzio

H. M. Bizuayehu

Dipan Bose

Michael Brainin

M. Brauer

A. Bražinová

N. Breitborde

Hermann Brenner

Z. Butt

Rosario Cárdenas

Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado

Ismael Campos-Nonato

J. Car

J. Carrero

Daniel C. Casey

V. Caso

C. Castañeda-Orjuela

Jacqueline Castillo Rivas

F. Catalá-López

P. Cecílio

Kelly M. Cercy

F. Charlson

A. Chen

A. Chew

Mirriam Chibalabala

C. Chibueze

V. Chisumpa

Abdulaal Chitheer

R. Chowdhury

H. Christensen

D. Christopher

Liliana G. Ciobanu

Massimo Cirillo

M. Coggeshall

Leslie T. Cooper

Monica Cortinovis

John A. Crump

K. Dalal

H. Danawi

L. Dandona

R. Dandona

P. Dargan

J. das Neves

Gail Davey

D. Davițoiu

K. Davletov

Diego de Leo

Liana C. Del Gobbo

B. del Pozo-Cruz

R. Dellavalle

Kebede Deribe

A. Deribew

D. D. Des Jarlais

Subhojit Dey

S. Dharmaratne

D. Dicker

Eric L. Ding

K. Dokova

E. Dorsey

Kerrie E. Doyle

Manisha Dubey

R. Ehrenkranz

C. Ellingsen

I. Elyazar

A. Enayati

S. Ermakov

Babak Eshrati

Alireza Esteghamati

Kara Estep

Thomas Fürst

I. Faghmous

Fanuel Belayneh Bekele Fanuel

E. J. Faraon

Talha A Farid

C. Farinha

Andre Faro

M. Farvid

F. Farzadfar

V. Feigin

A. Feigl

S. Fereshtehnejad

J. Fernandes

João Fernandes

T. R. Feyissa

Florian Fischer

C. Fitzmaurice

T.D. Fleming

N. Foigt

Kyle Foreman

M. Forouzanfar

R. Franklin

Joseph Frostad

Tsegaye Tewelde G/hiwot

E. Gakidou

K. Gambashidze

A. Gamkrelidze

Wayne Gao

A. García-Basteiro

Teshome Gebre

A. Gebremedhin

Mengistu Welday Gebremichael

A. Gebru

Amha Admasie Gelaye

J. Geleijnse

R. Gènova-Maleras

K. Gibney

A. Z. Giref

Melkamu Dedefo Gishu

G. Giussani

William Godwin

Audra Gold

Ellen M. Goldberg

P. Gona

A. Goodridge

S. Gopalani

A. Goto

Nicholas Graetz

Felix Greaves

Max G Griswold

P. Guban

H. Gugnani

P. C. Gupta

Rahul Gupta

R. Gupta

Tanush Gupta

V. Gupta

T. Habtewold

N. Hafezi-Nejad

D. Haile

A. Hailu

G. B. Hailu

Alex Hakuzimana

R. Hamadeh

M. Hambisa

S. Hamidi

M. Hammami

G. Hankey

Yuantao Hao

H. Harb

H. Hareri

J. M. Haro

M. Hassanvand

Rasmus J. Havmoeller

Roderick J. Hay

S. Hay

Delia Hendrie

I. Heredia-Pi

H. W. Hoek

M. Horino

Nobuyuki Horita

H. Hosgood

A. Htet

G. Hu

Hsiang-Jui Huang

John J Emmanuel Huang

Bethany M. Huntley

C. Huynh

K. Iburg

B. Ileanu

K. Innos

Asnake Ararsa Irenso

N. Jahanmehr

M. Jakovljevic

Peter James

S. James

Mehdi Javanbakht

Sudha Jayaraman

A. Jayatilleke

P. Jeemon

Vivekanand Jha

Denny John

C. Johnson

Sarah C Johnson

J. Jonas

K. Juel

Zubair Kabir

Yogeshwar V. Kalkonde

Ritul Kamal

Haidong Kan

André Karch

C. Karema

Seyed M. Karimi

A. Kasaeian

N. Kassebaum

A. Kastor

S. Katikireddi

K. Kazanjan

P. Keiyoro

L. Kemmer

A. Kemp

A. Kengne

A. A. Kerbo

M. Kereselidze

C. Kesavachandran

Y. Khader

Ibrahim Khalil

A. Khan

E. Khan

Gulfaraz Khan

Y. Khang

A. Khoja

I. Khonelidze

J. Khubchandani

G. Kibret

Daniel H. Kim

Pauline Kim

Y. Kim

R. Kimokoti

Y. Kinfu

N. Kissoon

M. Kivipelto

Y. Kokubo

A. Kolk

D. Kolte

Jacek A. Kopec

S. Kosen

Parvaiz A. Koul

A. Koyanagi

M. Kravchenko

S. Krishnaswami

Kristopher J. Krohn

B. K. Defo

B. Bicer

E. Kuipers

Veena S. Kulkarni

G. Kumar

F. Kumsa

Michael E Kutz

H. Kyu

A. Lager

Aparna Lal

D. Lal

R. Lalloo

T. Lallukka

Q. Lan

S. Langan

V. Lansingh

H. J. Larson

Anders O. Larsson

D. Laryea

Asma Abdul Latif

A. Lawrynowicz

J. Leasher

J. Leigh

M. Leinsalu

C. T. Leshargie

Janni Leung

R. Leung

Miriam Levi

Xiaofeng Liang

Stephen S Lim

M. Lind

S. Linn

S. Lipshultz

Patrick Liu

Yang Liu

Loon-Tzian Lo

G. Logroscino

A. Lopez

S. Lorch

P. Lotufo

Rafael Lozano

R. Lunevicius

R. Lyons

E. Macarayan

M. Mackay

Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek

Mohammed Magdy Abd El Razek

M. Mahdavi

Azeem Majeed

R. Malekzadeh

D.C. Malta

L. Mantovani

T. Manyazewal

C. Mapoma

W. Marcenes

G. B. Marks

N. Marquez

J. Martínez-Raga

M. Marzan

João Massano

M. Mathur

P. Maulik

M. Mazidi

Colm McAlinden

John J McGrath

C. McNellan

P. Meaney

A. Mehari

M. Mehndiratta

Toni Meier

A. Mekonnen

K. G. Meles

Ziad A. Memish

M. Mengesha

D. Mengiste

Mubarek Abera Mengistie

Bereket Gebremichael Menota

George A. Mensah

S. T. Mereta

A. Meretoja

T. Meretoja

H. Mezgebe

R. Micha

Anoushka I Millear

Edward J Mills

S. Minnig

M. Mirarefin

E. Mirrakhimov

Charles Mock

K. Mohammad

S. Mohammed

Sanjay K. Mohanty

Ali Mokdad

G. L. Mola

M. Molokhia

L. Monasta

M. Montico

M. Moradi-Lakeh

Paula Moraga

L. Morawska

Rintaro Mori

Mark W Moses

U. Mueller

Srinivas Murthy

K. I. Musa

J. Nachega

Chie Nagata

Gabriele Nagel

M. Naghavi

A. Naheed

Luigi Naldi

V. Nangia

B. R. Nascimento

I. Negoi

S. Neupane

C. R. Newton

M. Ng

F. Ngalesoni

J. Ngunjiri

Grant Nguyen

D. N. A. Ningrum

Sandra Nolte

Marika Nomura

O. Norheim

Bo Norrving

J. J. Noubiap

C. Obermeyer

F. Ogbo

In-Hwan Oh

Anselm Okoro

Olanrewaju Oladimeji

A. Olagunju

Pedro R Olivares

H. Olsen

B. Olusanya

J. Olusanya

John Nelson Opio

E. Oren

Alberto Ortiz

Richard H. Osborne

M. Osman

M. Owolabi

Mahesh Pa

A. Pain

Smita Pakhale

Elizabeth Castillo

A. Pana

Christina Papachristou

M. Parsaeian

Tejas Patel

G. Patton

Deepak Paudel

Vinod K Paul

Neil Pearce

David M Pereira

R. Pérez-Padilla

F. Pérez-Ruiz

N. Perico

K. Pesudovs

M. Petzold

Michael Robert Phillips

D. Pigott

J. Pillay

Christine Pinho

S. Polinder

C. D. Pond

V. Prakash

M. Purwar

Mostafa Qorbani

D. A. Quistberg

A. Radfar

Anwar Rafay

Format Sitasi

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Abajob, R.M.N.R.J.D.T.M.E.A.A.B.F.S.B.M.N., Barber, R., Fullman, N., Sorensen, R.J.D., Bollyky, T.J., McKee, M. et al. (2017). Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2015: a novel analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30818-8

@article{abajob2017, author = {Ryan M Nancy Reed J D Thomas Martin Ellen Amanuel Alemu Barber Fullman Sorensen Bollyky McKee Nolte Abajob and Ryan Barber and N. Fullman and Reed J. D. Sorensen and Thomas J. Bollyky and Martin McKee and E. Nolte and A. Abajobir and Kalkidan Hassen Abate and C. Abbafati and K. Abbas and F. Abd-Allah and A. Abdulle and A. Abdurahman and S. Abera and Biju Abraham and Girmatsion Fisseha Abreha and Kelemework Adane and A. Adelekan and I. Adetifa and A. Afshin and Arnav Agarwal and S. Agarwal and S. Agarwal and Anurag Agrawal and A. Kiadaliri and Alireza Ahmadi and K. Ahmed and M. Ahmed and R. Akinyemi and Tomi F Akinyemiju and N. Akseer and Z. Al-Aly and Khurshid Alam and N. Alam and S. S. Alam and Z. A. Alemu and Kefyalew Addis Alene and Lily T Alexander and Raghib Ali and S. D. Ali and Reza Alizadeh-Navaei and A. Alkerwi and François Alla and Peter Allebeck and Christine Allen and R. Al-Raddadi and U. Alsharif and K. Altirkawi and E. Martín and N. Alvis-Guzmán and A. Amare and E. Amini and Walid Ammar and J. Amo‐Adjei and Y. Amoako and Benjamin O Anderson and Sofia Androudi and Hossein Ansari and Mustafa Geleto Ansha and C. Antonio and Johan Ärnlöv and A. Artaman and H. Asayesh and R. Assadi and Ayalew Astatkie and T. Atey and S. Atique and N. Atnafu and Sachin R. Atre and L. Ávila-Burgos and Euripide Avokpaho and B. Quintanilla and A. Awasthi and N. Ayele and Peter Azzopardi and H. Saleem and T. Bärnighausen and U. Bacha and A. Badawi and Amitava Banerjee and Aleksandra Barac and Miguel A Barboza and S. Barker-Collo and L. Barrero and S. Basu and B. Baune and K. Baye and Y. Bayou and S. Bazargan-Hejazi and Neeraj Bedi and Ettore Beghi and Y. Béjot and A. Bello and Derrick A. Bennett and Isabela M. Benseñor and A. Berhane and Eduardo Bernabé and O. Bernal and A. Beyene and T. Beyene and Z. Bhutta and S. Biadgilign and B. Bikbov and Sait Mentes Birlik and C. Birungi and S. Biryukov and D. Bisanzio and H. M. Bizuayehu and Dipan Bose and Michael Brainin and M. Brauer and A. Bražinová and N. Breitborde and Hermann Brenner and Z. Butt and Rosario Cárdenas and Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado and Ismael Campos-Nonato and J. Car and J. Carrero and Daniel C. Casey and V. Caso and C. Castañeda-Orjuela and Jacqueline Castillo Rivas and F. Catalá-López and P. Cecílio and Kelly M. Cercy and F. Charlson and A. Chen and A. Chew and Mirriam Chibalabala and C. Chibueze and V. Chisumpa and Abdulaal Chitheer and R. Chowdhury and H. Christensen and D. Christopher and Liliana G. Ciobanu and Massimo Cirillo and M. Coggeshall and Leslie T. Cooper and Monica Cortinovis and John A. Crump and K. Dalal and H. Danawi and L. Dandona and R. Dandona and P. Dargan and J. das Neves and Gail Davey and D. Davițoiu and K. Davletov and Diego de Leo and Liana C. Del Gobbo and B. del Pozo-Cruz and R. Dellavalle and Kebede Deribe and A. Deribew and D. D. Des Jarlais and Subhojit Dey and S. Dharmaratne and D. Dicker and Eric L. Ding and K. Dokova and E. Dorsey and Kerrie E. Doyle and Manisha Dubey and R. Ehrenkranz and C. Ellingsen and I. Elyazar and A. Enayati and S. Ermakov and Babak Eshrati and Alireza Esteghamati and Kara Estep and Thomas Fürst and I. Faghmous and Fanuel Belayneh Bekele Fanuel and E. J. Faraon and Talha A Farid and C. Farinha and Andre Faro and M. Farvid and F. Farzadfar and V. Feigin and A. Feigl and S. Fereshtehnejad and J. Fernandes and João Fernandes and T. R. Feyissa and Florian Fischer and C. Fitzmaurice and T.D. Fleming and N. Foigt and Kyle Foreman and M. Forouzanfar and R. Franklin and Joseph Frostad and Tsegaye Tewelde G/hiwot and E. Gakidou and K. Gambashidze and A. Gamkrelidze and Wayne Gao and A. García-Basteiro and Teshome Gebre and A. Gebremedhin and Mengistu Welday Gebremichael and A. Gebru and Amha Admasie Gelaye and J. Geleijnse and R. Gènova-Maleras and K. Gibney and A. Z. Giref and Melkamu Dedefo Gishu and G. Giussani and William Godwin and Audra Gold and Ellen M. Goldberg and P. Gona and A. Goodridge and S. Gopalani and A. Goto and Nicholas Graetz and Felix Greaves and Max G Griswold and P. Guban and H. Gugnani and P. C. Gupta and Rahul Gupta and R. Gupta and Tanush Gupta and V. Gupta and T. Habtewold and N. Hafezi-Nejad and D. Haile and A. Hailu and G. B. Hailu and Alex Hakuzimana and R. Hamadeh and M. Hambisa and S. Hamidi and M. Hammami and G. Hankey and Yuantao Hao and H. Harb and H. Hareri and J. M. Haro and M. Hassanvand and Rasmus J. Havmoeller and Roderick J. Hay and S. Hay and Delia Hendrie and I. Heredia-Pi and H. W. Hoek and M. Horino and Nobuyuki Horita and H. Hosgood and A. Htet and G. Hu and Hsiang-Jui Huang and John J Emmanuel Huang and Bethany M. Huntley and C. Huynh and K. Iburg and B. Ileanu and K. Innos and Asnake Ararsa Irenso and N. Jahanmehr and M. Jakovljevic and Peter James and S. James and Mehdi Javanbakht and Sudha Jayaraman and A. Jayatilleke and P. Jeemon and Vivekanand Jha and Denny John and C. Johnson and Sarah C Johnson and J. Jonas and K. Juel and Zubair Kabir and Yogeshwar V. Kalkonde and Ritul Kamal and Haidong Kan and André Karch and C. Karema and Seyed M. Karimi and A. Kasaeian and N. Kassebaum and A. Kastor and S. Katikireddi and K. Kazanjan and P. Keiyoro and L. Kemmer and A. Kemp and A. Kengne and A. A. Kerbo and M. Kereselidze and C. Kesavachandran and Y. Khader and Ibrahim Khalil and A. Khan and E. Khan and Gulfaraz Khan and Y. Khang and A. Khoja and I. Khonelidze and J. Khubchandani and G. Kibret and Daniel H. Kim and Pauline Kim and Y. Kim and R. Kimokoti and Y. Kinfu and N. Kissoon and M. Kivipelto and Y. Kokubo and A. Kolk and D. Kolte and Jacek A. Kopec and S. Kosen and Parvaiz A. Koul and A. Koyanagi and M. Kravchenko and S. Krishnaswami and Kristopher J. Krohn and B. K. Defo and B. Bicer and E. Kuipers and Veena S. Kulkarni and G. Kumar and F. Kumsa and Michael E Kutz and H. Kyu and A. Lager and Aparna Lal and D. Lal and R. Lalloo and T. Lallukka and Q. Lan and S. Langan and V. Lansingh and H. J. Larson and Anders O. Larsson and D. Laryea and Asma Abdul Latif and A. Lawrynowicz and J. Leasher and J. Leigh and M. Leinsalu and C. T. Leshargie and Janni Leung and R. Leung and Miriam Levi and Xiaofeng Liang and Stephen S Lim and M. Lind and S. Linn and S. Lipshultz and Patrick Liu and Yang Liu and Loon-Tzian Lo and G. Logroscino and A. Lopez and S. Lorch and P. Lotufo and Rafael Lozano and R. Lunevicius and R. Lyons and E. Macarayan and M. Mackay and Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek and Mohammed Magdy Abd El Razek and M. Mahdavi and Azeem Majeed and R. Malekzadeh and D.C. Malta and L. Mantovani and T. Manyazewal and C. Mapoma and W. Marcenes and G. B. Marks and N. Marquez and J. Martínez-Raga and M. Marzan and João Massano and M. Mathur and P. Maulik and M. Mazidi and Colm McAlinden and John J McGrath and C. McNellan and P. Meaney and A. Mehari and M. Mehndiratta and Toni Meier and A. Mekonnen and K. G. Meles and Ziad A. Memish and M. Mengesha and D. Mengiste and Mubarek Abera Mengistie and Bereket Gebremichael Menota and George A. Mensah and S. T. Mereta and A. Meretoja and T. Meretoja and H. Mezgebe and R. Micha and Anoushka I Millear and Edward J Mills and S. Minnig and M. Mirarefin and E. Mirrakhimov and Charles Mock and K. Mohammad and S. Mohammed and Sanjay K. Mohanty and Ali Mokdad and G. L. Mola and M. Molokhia and L. Monasta and M. Montico and M. Moradi-Lakeh and Paula Moraga and L. Morawska and Rintaro Mori and Mark W Moses and U. Mueller and Srinivas Murthy and K. I. Musa and J. Nachega and Chie Nagata and Gabriele Nagel and M. Naghavi and A. Naheed and Luigi Naldi and V. Nangia and B. R. Nascimento and I. Negoi and S. Neupane and C. R. Newton and M. Ng and F. Ngalesoni and J. Ngunjiri and Grant Nguyen and D. N. A. Ningrum and Sandra Nolte and Marika Nomura and O. Norheim and Bo Norrving and J. J. Noubiap and C. Obermeyer and F. Ogbo and In-Hwan Oh and Anselm Okoro and Olanrewaju Oladimeji and A. Olagunju and Pedro R Olivares and H. Olsen and B. Olusanya and J. Olusanya and John Nelson Opio and E. Oren and Alberto Ortiz and Richard H. Osborne and M. Osman and M. Owolabi and Mahesh Pa and A. Pain and Smita Pakhale and Elizabeth Castillo and A. Pana and Christina Papachristou and M. Parsaeian and Tejas Patel and G. Patton and Deepak Paudel and Vinod K Paul and Neil Pearce and David M Pereira and R. Pérez-Padilla and F. Pérez-Ruiz and N. Perico and K. Pesudovs and M. Petzold and Michael Robert Phillips and D. Pigott and J. Pillay and Christine Pinho and S. Polinder and C. D. Pond and V. Prakash and M. Purwar and Mostafa Qorbani and D. A. Quistberg and A. Radfar and Anwar Rafay}, title = {Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2015: a novel analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015}, year = {2017}, journal = {Semantic Scholar}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30818-8}, url = {https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/37927d71686bef0e74f05e129b3886a8320079a8}, }

Akses Cepat

Lihat di Sumber doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30818-8

Informasi Jurnal

Tahun Terbit: 2017
Bahasa: en
Total Sitasi: 623×
Sumber Database: Semantic Scholar
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30818-8
Akses: Open Access ✓