Geological structure of the Dnipro River floodplain areas

In today's conditions of the country's development, cities and suburban areas are being built up at a rapid pace, which causes its shortage, especially in cities with a large population. In such conditions, one of the possible solutions for the development of the city is the development of previously unsuitable areas that can be used for construction. Such areas include territories cut by ravines, gullies, wetlands or floodplains, which are flooded with water during floods. Due to the presence of water bodies near the indicated territories, it is possible to protect them from flooding by raising the absolute marks of their surface to non-flooded ones by using alluvial soil by means of hydromechanization. The properties of such new man-made formations differ significantly from natural ones, and sandy soils are used as alluvial soil. In this way, a large number of territories have been created in different countries of the world: Dubai, Japan, China, the USA, etc., which indicates the effectiveness of this method and its practical significance. The article highlights the features of the tectonic structure, geological and geomorphological zoning of the territory of the city of Kyiv. Much attention is paid to the floodplain areas of the Dnieper River, which were formed by alluvial. Such sites were created, as a rule, for new construction and were built up quite quickly with low-rise buildings, the basis for which was alluvial soils. The engineering and geological studies of the sites after alluvial soils and the observation of deformations of the base over time allowed us to establish the basic patterns and rules of construction in such territories. Today, the development of the city actively covers areas created by alluvial soils, on which high-rise buildings, shopping centers, and other buildings are being actively built, the loads from which must be transferred to reliable base. However, depending on the properties of the alluvial soils themselves and the quality and preparation of the base on which they are laid, different types of foundations can be used, the decision on their design is made in each individual case, taking into account the number of floors and the type of buildings or structures.