ECONOMIC ASPECT WHEN CHOOSING TRANSPORT IN LOGISTICS SYSTEMS

A logistic system is a certain integrity of many interdependent logistic elements: manufacturers of products, raw materials, equipment; transport and warehouse complexes; terminal networks; distribution centers; retail network; transport. It is transport that can be called one of the most essential elements of any logistics system. Transport takes an active part in all stages of logistics - supply, production, distribution - providing uninterrupted and high-quality service for the movement of goods. The choice of transport adequate to the existing conditions will unambiguously lead to an increase in the economic efficiency of the functioning of the entire logistics system. The article discusses the main types of transport used to move material flows in logistics: railway; automobile; air; nautical; river (internal water); pipeline. The main advantages and disadvantages of each type of transport are indicated. The main factors influencing the choice of transport in the logistics system are analyzed, including: the volume of supplies of products; frequency of shipments; material flow route; set delivery times; the limit of funds for the implementation of this operation; safety of movement (safety of cargo), etc. All factors affecting the choice of transport in logistics are divided into objective and subjective. The need for the use (participation) of road transport in all processes of delivery of goods to the destination in the logistics system has been established. The influence of a high-quality choice of transport on the effective economic activity of the entire logistics system as a whole is shown by reducing the costs of moving, reloading goods, reducing the costs of warehouse complexes by reducing the shelf life of products and, accordingly, reducing warehouse space.